"Goldbach's conjecture is only S-level in difficulty?"

Wang Hao was indeed very surprised, he had always thought that the world's top mathematical problems would be S+ level of difficulty, such as the NS equation.

But if you think about it, it's understandable.

The NS equation is not only a mathematical problem, but also a systematic study, a very complex problem, and it is precisely because of this that it has been selected as one of the seven mathematical conjectures of the millennium.

Goldbach's conjecture is famous, but one of the reasons it didn't make it into the millennial mathematical conjecture is that it's just a math problem about prime numbers.

Of course, millennial mathematical conjectures cannot be used to judge the difficulty of a study, after all, there are some human judgment factors in it.

To put it another way, it can be understood by comparing the Kadotani conjecture.

The Kakutani Conjecture is only a 'side study' of S-Class research results, and the study is mainly a mathematical method for solving a class of problems, including the Kakutani Conjecture, as well as other conjectures and problems.

The main outcome of this research is the mathematical method, not the problem that the method can solve.

Goldbach's conjecture is a prime number problem, slightly more difficult than Kakutani's conjecture, but in the end, it is just a mathematical problem.

From this point of view, the difficulty of the S-class is already very high.

The main reason why Goldbach's conjecture is so popular is that it is so easy to understand that even elementary school students can understand and even think deeply.

In addition, conjectures have been circulating for more than 200 years and continue to be put forward by the mathematical community, so it is natural that they will become very famous.

In this way, Wang Hao also has a more detailed understanding of the difficulty judgment of the system for R&D projects.

To put it simply, the difficulty below grade D is an ordinary question.

D-level difficulty, which has reached the scientific research level, can be said to be innovative research.

C-level difficulty, which already has a certain application value or is much more difficult, has reached the ordinary SCI level, and some excellent applied research will have a great influence.

B-level difficulty, which can be said to be the level of top journals, does not necessarily have much applicability, but the difficulty is certainly very high.

A-level difficulty is not a problem that can be solved in general, just like the innovation of large number multiplication algorithms, and problems of similar difficulty may not have progressed for more than ten or twenty years.

S-level difficulty is already the top research, the most difficult topic, and every S-level difficulty research can be said to shock the world.

S+ level difficulty, it is difficult to make a judgment.

Wang Hao's understanding of S+ level difficulty is systematic engineering, or research that can lead to great progress in theory or technology.

After deciding to do research on Goldbach's conjecture, Wang Hao also began preliminary work.

He first found a large number of relevant materials and papers.

Then, start researching.

These papers are all related to Goldbach's conjecture, including Mr. Chen Jingrun's proof of '1+2', and the title of the paper is "The sum of the product of a prime number and a number of no more than two prime numbers".

1+2, of course, does not mean 1+2=3.

The Goldbach conjecture appeared in 1742.

Goldbach's letter to Euler at that time put forward the following conjecture, that any integer greater than 2 could be written as the sum of three prime numbers.

Goldbach himself could not prove it, so he wrote to ask the famous mathematician Euler to help prove it.

However, until his death, Euler could not prove it.

However, Euler did a lot of research, and in his reply to Goldbach's conjecture he proposed another equivalent version, which is now the most widely circulated, that is, 'any even number greater than 2 can be written as the sum of two prime numbers'.

Because of this, there is a '1+1' saying.

1+1 is the sum of two prime numbers.

The '1+2' proved by Chen Jingrun is that 'any sufficiently large even number can be expressed as the sum of two prime numbers, or the sum of one prime number and one and a half prime numbers'.

The method he uses is the most classic 'sieve method'.

Historically, all the proof progress related to the Goldbach conjecture has been made by the sieve method, which is easy to understand.

First of all, put the natural numbers in order, starting with the number 1, 1 is not a prime number, nor is it a composite number, it should be crossed out.

The second number 2 is left over as a prime number, and all numbers after 2 that are divisible by 2 are crossed out.

The first number after 2 that is not crossed out is 3, leave 3, and cross out all the numbers after 3 that are divisible by 3.

The first number after 3 is 5, leave 5, and cross out all the numbers after 5 that are divisible by 5......

If you continue to do this, you will filter out all the composite numbers that do not exceed N, leaving all the prime numbers that do not exceed N.

This method sounds simple, but in fact, because the screening process is endless, mathematical analysis methods are necessary, and combinatorial mathematics problems are involved.

Combinatorial mathematics can be discrete mathematics to a certain extent.

Broadly speaking, the analysis of combinatorial numbers is discrete mathematics, but in practical application, combinatorial mathematics in the narrow sense is the part of discrete mathematics after the removal of graph theory, algebraic structure, mathematical logic.

Discrete mathematics is Wang Hao's 'specialty'.

Therefore, for Chen Jingrun's research paper, Wang Hao easily understood the method and logic.

At the same time, he also made a judgment - just like the common view in the mathematical community, Mr. Chen Jingrun has applied the sieve method to the extreme, and only completed the '1+2' proof.

In other words, there is no way out.

It is like the study of the exact value of the π, even if it is calculated by a computer for tens of billions of bits, it is impossible to obtain an accurate π value, and π, it can still only be represented by symbols, not an exact number.

In other words, it is impossible to solve an irrational number by simply using the method of calculation, and it is impossible to prove the '1+1' problem by using the 'sieve method'.

Wang Hao put down the paper in his hand and couldn't help but sigh with emotion, "Goldbach conjecture, it's so difficult to prove!" ”

Another reason for his sigh is that after reading several related papers, the inspiration value of the task only increased by a pitiful 1 point.

This shows that the 'sieve method' simply does not work.

Even if you read more similar research papers, it will not help solve the Goldbach conjecture, and even affect your own thinking and judgment, which has a negative effect on the research.

"It seems that we still have to find new methods, and group theory is a good starting point." Wang Hao pondered.

Zhang Zhiqiang next to him listened to Wang Hao's whispering, and couldn't help but pout his lips vigorously, "Goldbach's guess is difficult?" I also said that the Riemann conjecture is very difficult! ”

He leaned over with some curiosity and asked, "Wang Hao, why did you start studying the Goldbach conjecture?" ”

Wang Hao said depressedly, "Because I can't find the direction, I have been studying the NS equation, but the research is stuck, and there is no progress, so I want to change the direction." ”

"That's too big, isn't it?" Zhang Zhiqiang tugged at the corners of his mouth, "NS equations, Goldbach conjectures, from partial differential equations to number theory, I always think you should be more specialized and study in one direction." ”

He said as if he had substituted emotional color, and said with emotion, "This is the same as life, only by being emotionally single-minded can you harvest your own love." ”

"You are the same, Wang Hao, how about it, don't you think about finding a girlfriend? You, Brother Zhang, I am from here, if you have any emotional problems, it is right to ask me. ”

Wang Hao looked at Zhang Zhiqiang strangely, looked at him carefully, and asked, "Do you have a girlfriend?" ”

"This ......"

"Got a favorite? Is it a pursuit of 'single-mindedness'? ”

"This ...... Haha......"

Wang Hao suddenly understood, nodded and said, "So, I haven't caught it yet, right?" That is, you don't have a girlfriend yet. ”

Zhang Zhiqiang suddenly said depressedly, "You don't have to hit people like this, right?" You don't have any. ”

"It's different."

Wang Hao said, "I'm actively single, you are passive, and you are ten years older than me." ”

"No matter how nice you say, you're still single!" Zhang Zhiqiang firmly retorted.

Wang Hao shrugged absently.

At this time, a female doctoral student wearing glasses at the door knocked on the door and walked into the office, looked at Wang Hao with admiration, and said in an extremely gentle voice, "Teacher Wang, your theory of annihilation is really amazing, I have read your analysis and research, and I am completely attracted by the description inside. ”

"I believe that must be the most astonishing prediction in physics, and it will be a Nobel Prize."

Zhang Zhiqiang was numb when he heard this, and sat aside full of envy, jealousy and hatred.

"Oh......"

Wang Hao is a little strange, when other people talk about his research, they generally talk about mathematics, why do they suddenly talk about annihilation?

Annihilation is just a 'small analysis' he did, and he has not even built a mathematical foundation, and there is not a single related paper.

"My name is Wang Yue, and I follow Mr. Xiao Xinyu to do superconductivity research."

Wang Yue introduced herself, and then said, "By the way, it was Mr. Xiao who asked me to come over and ask when you have time to go to the physics laboratory, and said it was ......."

She took a deep breath before saying, "We may have found evidence of the existence of annihilation!" ”

“——？？”

Wang Hao was shocked when he heard it, this news was too unexpected.

Zhang Zhiqiang was also surprised, and asked with curiosity, "Your physics laboratory has found evidence of the existence of eye annihilation, aren't you kidding?" ”

Wang Yue glanced at Zhang Zhiqiang and said, "This is the conclusion reached by Teacher Xiao and Professor He, so I made a special trip." ”

She explained in a flat tone, and then looked at Wang Hao with admiration on her face, "Teacher Wang, when do you have time?" ”

"Right now."

Hearing this, Wang Hao definitely couldn't sit still, so he simply went to the physics laboratory with Wang Yue.

Zhang Zhiqiang looked at the backs of the two of them, and couldn't help but say depressedly, "Today's women really have no vision, Wang Hao looks average, just younger." Didn't you say? Thirty men are a flower, and the more mature they are, the more attractive they are. ”

After he finished speaking, he looked at Luo Dayong, as if he was seeking support.

Luo Dayong didn't know where to find another mirror and put it in front of Zhang Zhiqiang, Zhang Zhiqiang took a look and found that his hair in the mirror had thinned a lot.

The more Zhang Zhiqiang looked at it, the more depressed he became, and asked Luo Dayong, "What do you mean?" ”

"I've got you."

Luo Dayong finished speaking very calmly, as if he had just walked an inconspicuous little thing, he continued to turn his head to look out the window, and hummed a song in his mouth-

"I don't have direction, how can I have strength. I don't have a dream, so how can I achieve it, thank you for exposing my cowardly side......"

Zhang Zhiqiang felt a little inexplicable, he searched for one of the lyrics with curiosity, and looked at the search results and suddenly had black lines.

The title of the song is, "See Yourself Clearly".

……

Physics Laboratory.

He Yi, Xiao Xinyu, Yan Jing and others are discussing the experiments that have just passed.

Wang Hao knocked on the door of the office and was immediately greeted warmly.

Xiao Xinyu introduced, "Professor Wang, I asked you to come this time because we may have discovered the 'annihilation force' you said in the superconductivity experiment. ”

“…… What experiments? Wang Hao's tone was a little disbelieving, because it was too strange.

If it is possible to find traces of the existence of annihilation force through a large amount of data analysis in microscopic experiments such as particle collisions.

But what about superconductivity?

Superconductivity experiments are not microscopic physical experiments, so how can microscopic forces be found in experiments?

Xiao Xinyu explained.

They've just completed the 'alternating gravity' experiment.

The theory of 'alternating gravity' was proposed by Dr. Li Ning 30 years ago.

Li Ning, a physicist at the Research Center for Space Plasma and Upper Atmosphere Physics at the University of Americken, believes that ions in Bose-Einstein condensate can achieve the anti-gravity effect when trapped in a disk of high-temperature superconductors with variable magnetic fields, and its lattice structure can store a large amount of energy, which theoretically will produce a gravity-like field, which can increase or decrease the effect of gravity.

Li Ning calls it 'alternating gravity'.

The experiment produced a beam-like effect above the disk, affecting matter at a certain distance.

This supports the theory of alternating gravity.

When Li Ning put forward this theory, it was not taken seriously at all, because anti-gravity was too advanced, and the theory of communication gravity sounded a bit sci-fi.

However, 20 years ago, during the anti-gravity experiment in the magnetic field, the Dutch team unexpectedly found that the objects on the disk were reduced by 2% due to gravity.

This indicates that the anti-gravity action has achieved new results.

After that, there was no news in the international physics community, and it is said that the Ministry of Defense of Ameriken took over the relevant research.

It's been 20 years now, and no other news has come out.

The physics laboratory wants to do research on 'superconducting anti-gravity', and they hope to see the phenomenon of 'gravity reduction'.

Of course, it failed in the end.

There may be many reasons for the failure, but the failure is also expected, because the relevant experiments have nothing to refer to except for some published information.

In China, the phenomenon of 'anti-gravity' has not yet been discovered in superconductivity experiments.

Even if it is a failed experiment, it has also brought a lot of results, and every large-scale experiment in physics can be said to be progress, whether there is a result or no result, you can study some relevant results according to the experimental data and analysis.

Whether it is a summary of experience or a theoretical derivation, it is very valuable.

For example, this time, the 'failed' experiment, which took several months to prepare, cost more than 500,000 yuan, and cut materials to complete, was enough to summarize and complete several papers.

Of course, it cost more than 500,000 yuan to write just a few papers, which can definitely be said to be a 'loss'.

When the physics laboratory was summarizing the experimental data, a strange problem was found -

'Mass deviation' of superconducting materials before and after the experiment.

Although the mass deviation of superconducting materials after the experiment is very small, normally speaking, it is generally not particularly noticed, but when it comes to the annihilation force mentioned by Wang Hao, to a certain extent, it can also be understood as 'the annihilation force plays a role, resulting in the mass deviation of superconducting materials'?

He Yi and Xiao Zhenyu hope to understand it this way.

Of course, even they know that this argument is really untenable, and the possibility of error in the experimental measurement data is even higher.

So after Xiao Xinyu walked out of the explanation, he looked at Wang Hao with some expectation, but more of them were 'not confident', "Professor Wang, what do you think?" ”

Wang Hao shook his head silently.

As soon as he heard it, he knew that it was impossible, that the annihilation force was aimed at the unit of mass, and even the electron, relative to the unit of mass, might be very, very large.

Will a superconducting material lose a lot of electrons due to experiments, resulting in a loss of mass?

It may be possible, but it is definitely not detectable.

It's like using an ordinary scale to weigh a cow and walking over and plucking a cow's hair, which can't be weighed at all.

However, it actually makes sense for Xiao Zhenyu and He Yi to understand it this way, because they don't have a clear concept of annihilation, at most they have read the narrative articles published by Wang Hao.

The introduction of that article is very vague and does not say very exactly, only the mathematical analysis of the detection of the disappearance of the hyperon decay signal by the spectrometer can have a deeper understanding of the speculation of 'annihilation force'.

Wang Hao was about to shake his head in denial, when he suddenly received a system prompt-

[Task 3, inspiration +13.] 】

[Inspiration: 29.] 】

“？？”

He was stunned.

Because we have not been able to find the exact direction, the research related to annihilation has not been inspired for a long time.

It's gone up so much now?

Combined with the information obtained in the brain, it can be affirmed that the discovery of annihilation force is still related to superconductivity, or in other words, superconductivity experiments are also a method of discovering annihilation force.

Wang Hao nodded vigorously, "Professor Xiao, Professor He, your research is too important. ”

"Although the mass loss of superconducting materials must have nothing to do with annihilation, I think that your experiment may have a certain relationship with annihilation."

“——？”

This time it was Xiao Zhenyu and He Yi's turn to be surprised, they said that they had found it in their eyes, but they just analyzed the possibility of a very smile.

As a result, Wang Hao denied their possibility, but still said that the superconductivity experiment was related to annihilation?

What kind of logic is this?

Is it to give us a little comfort............