Chapter 371: The Theory of the Expansion of the Universe
Paul Phil-Jones talks about his work with Huang Zhen about linking space shortwave theory with cosmic microwave radiation.
Cosmic microwave radiation, also known as background radiation, is a type of electromagnetic radiation that fills the entire universe.
In the early sixties of the last century, Ameriken scientists Penzias and . In order to improve satellite communications, Wilson built a highly sensitive horn-type receiving antenna system, which they used to measure the radio intensity of the silver halo gas.
In order to reduce the clutter received, they even removed the bird droppings from the antenna, but there was still centimeter-wave background noise that could not be eliminated.
Penzias and. Wilson believed that the microwave noise from the universe with a wavelength of 1.875 was equivalent to 3.5 K (black-body radiation), and a year later they revised the microwave noise to 3 K and made the discovery public, for which they were awarded the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Later studies found that the characteristics and absolute temperature scale of cosmic microwave radiation, which is the same as the blackbody radiation of 2.725K, belongs to the millimeter wave range in microwaves.
The cosmic microwave background is one of the cosmic background radiations, and with conventional optical telescopes, the space between stars and galaxies (background) is pitch black.
However, sensitive radiometric telescopes can detect faint background glows that are almost identical in all directions, and have nothing to do with any stars, galaxies, or other objects.
The electromagnetic spectrum of this light is strongest in the microwave centimeter wave region.
As for the existence of cosmic microwave radiation, the field of astrophysics believes that cosmic microwave radiation is the product of the "Big Bang" in cosmology, and similar primordial gravitational waves are gravitational wave radiation left over from the "Big Bang".
Now on the issue of annihilation energy conduction, Paul Phil-Jones and Huang Zhen both believe that cosmic microwave radiation can also be used as a medium for space shortwave conduction.
"Annihilation energy is conductive and expanded through cosmic microwave radiation and primordial gravitational waves, so that it is evenly dispersed in the ...... of space."
"This would support the theory of the expansion of the universe."
Paul Phil-Jones' explanation, which caught everyone's attention.
This explanation is amazing.
Cosmic microwave radiation is considered to be a remnant of the Big Bang and has become a recognized thing in astrophysics and physics, and as a result, Paul Phil-Jones and Huang Zhen boldly imagined that cosmic microwave radiation was the medium of spatial transmission of annihilation energy.
This view is very new and imaginative, and at the same time, it is bound to challenge the original interpretation of astrophysical phenomena.
Wang Hao was very surprised, he didn't expect Paul Phil-Jones and Huang Zhen to be able to do this kind of research together, he nodded frequently when he listened, and couldn't help but smile on his face.
What made him even happier was that the system also refreshed the information in time -
[Mission 4, Inspiration +7.] 】
Very good!
Wang Hao gave Paul Phil-Jones a thumbs up as a sign of approval of their research.
Paul Phil-Joneston smirked at Helen.
Helen glared back with an unconvinced face, and immediately talked about their research, "I think that space is made up of special particles, and the energy of annihilation is directly converted into space particles......"
Helen said and put forward a point of view, "The basic composition of energy is the point of mass, and the structure of the point of mass, including the splitting of the structure of photons, can no longer be called energy." ”
After speaking, she looked at Wang Hao.
This assumption was not necessarily correct, and even she was a little apprehensive in her heart, because no one could be sure what the minimum composition of energy was.
Wang Hao thought about it and nodded in agreement, "This point of view cannot be denied. The mass point is the basic structure of matter and energy, which is smaller than the mass point, or a split of some kind of topological structure, even if a large number of similar tiny components are piled up, it is indeed difficult to turn into energy. ”
Helen suddenly had confidence, and she gestured to Ding Zhiqiang with her eyes.
Ding Zhiqiang received the signal, and immediately picked up a stack of printed materials at hand and sent one to each person.
Helen explained, "The above is the construction work that Ding Zhiqiang and I completed together, describing the process of converting annihilation energy into space particles, and then describing the process of space particles scattering and jumping. ”
At this time, Wang Hao interrupted, "Follow-up, no need, conductively speaking, your basic definition is wrong, even if space is composed of particles, the jump of space particles must be limited by speed." ”
“……?”
Helen didn't understand why she was directly denied, and what she wanted to say was not said in the end.
Wang Hao ignored Helen's mood, he lowered his head and looked at the content of the data carefully, and found that it was the mathematical analysis of the space particles transformed by annihilation energy.
The first part of the analysis is the transformation process, and the second part is the transfer process, but the description of the transfer process is basically defined as 'space particles can jump at will, and the speed is not limited'.
This is wrong.
Wang Hao is sure of this, because the new experimental results prove that the conduction of annihilation energy is limited by velocity.
This is the reason why the F-ray release distance increases due to strong laser irradiation.
If the conduction of annihilation energy is not limited by velocity, it is impossible for the strong laser irradiation to affect the release distance of F-rays.
But Wang Hao was still very satisfied, because the system had a prompt again-
[Mission 4, Inspiration +7.] 】
It's also a 7-point increase!
Wang Hao also gave Helen a thumbs up and exclaimed, "Helen, you and Xiaoding are doing a good job. Your work has been of great help to the research! ”
Helen suddenly exhaled lightly and nodded lightly towards Wang Hao.
Paul Phil-Jones frowned, and he asked Wang Hao, "We have different understandings of spatial performance, why do we all 'do it well'?" ”
He felt that he still had to make a right and wrong with Helen, and their work was all affirmed, and he felt like a student who had been cheated on by a teacher.
Helen asked, "Mr. Wang, what is your understanding of spatial expression?" Do you support my particle theory, or Paul's shortwave theory? ”
Everyone else is getting serious.
The controversy between Helen and Paul Phil-Jones is the difference in how space is perceived, whether space is seen as a particle or as a wave.
It's a bit like the debate hundreds of years ago about whether photons were particles or waves.
Wang Hao smiled, "Whether it is particle theory, short-wave theory, or other ways of looking at it, for me, it is all the same." ”
He said seriously, "I am from a practical point of view, no matter what kind of way of looking at it, what kind of theory, as long as it can explain the experimental findings, it can be used." ”
"So I think your work is excellent, Paul, and it's important that your work can explain spatial energy conduction."
"Helen, the second half of your research, in fact, does not match the experimental conclusions, but in the first half, the explanation of annihilation and absorption is very clear, and the mathematical framework is very good."
After commenting, he continued, "Our research is based on experimental conclusions, but the content is still within the scope of theoretical physics. ”
"Theoretical physics, whether string theory, cosmology, or the Big Bang theory, is an explanation of existing physical discoveries, and as long as it cannot be proved wrong, then it can be tentatively determined to be correct."
"You have different ideas about spatial representation. But, from the point of view of theoretical physics, you are all right. ”
The others suddenly understood.
Helen and Paul Phil-Jones have different views on spatial representations, but their research is fine, and even if they submit their papers, they can be published in top physics journals.
Theoretical physics, inherently an inclusive field, is a study that exists under the premise of many assumptions.
They need to theoretically explain the experimental conclusions, because the experimental conclusions are limited, and it is almost impossible to rely on a small number of experimental conclusions to fully explore the mysteries of deep physics, or to construct the underlying mysteries based on existing physics and imagination.
So Helen and Paul Phil-Jones are both right.
Wang Hao really thinks the same way, and even the inspiration value of the system task has been improved, indicating that there is indeed no problem with the research of Helen and Paul Phil-Jones.
He could understand it when he thought about it.
The current research is based on personal perceptions of spatial representations, which may sound like a figment of the imagination, but for theoretical physics, it is sufficient to be able to analyze the conclusions mathematically.
That's not necessarily true and accurate, it's like some physical research.
For example, photonic architecture.
A photonic architecture is a combination of mass points and a two-point five-dimensional topology, where the two-point five-dimensional topology is described as a 'prime dot arrangement', which is composed of individual numbers.
So is the 'tail structure' of photons really composed of numbers?
Of course it is impossible.
Mathematics is only a form of expression of theoretical physics, and in the same way, theoretical physics can also be understood as a form of expression of physical phenomena, as long as physical phenomena can be reasonably explained, it can be considered to be in the right direction.
Next, the meeting moved on to the formal content.
Yan Jing took out the report and briefly talked about the latest experimental findings, "Through a series of experimental methods, we have come to a conclusion that the conduction of annihilation energy in the strong annihilation force field will be restricted by velocity. ”
"Although it is not possible to verify it in detail, the conduction velocity is limited by the intensity of the strong annihilation force field, and the maximum conduction velocity is limited by the strength of the strong annihilation field."
When this conclusion was spoken, everyone's eyes immediately widened.
Everyone was amazed.
Helen immediately asked, "Professor Yan, how did you come to this conclusion?" ”
Huang Zhen simply asked three times in a row, "The experiment has detected the conduction of space energy?" How is it detected? Can the space detect it? ”
Yan Jing turned her head to look at Wang Hao.
What she said was just a simple conclusion, and the specific experimental process could certainly not be said, nor could it be answered at all.
Wang Hao said, "This is an inference I made based on the experimental findings, and the specific experimental content cannot be disclosed for the time being." ”
However, there is nothing wrong with this conclusion. You think of it as a basis for research, and the spatial conduction after the energy is annihilated will be limited by the speed. ”
The others looked at each other, not knowing what to do.
At this time, Helen understood why Wang Hao directly denied the second half of the research just now, because the basis of their research was that the jump of space particles was not limited by speed, which was inconsistent with the experimental conclusion.
Wang Hao not only talked about the conclusion of speed constraints, but also talked about speed, "It is related to the strength of the annihilation force field." ”
Everyone else immediately understood.
The strength of the annihilation force field affects the maximum velocity of the particle, and the conventional maximum speed is the speed of light, while in the anti-gravity field, the speed of light will be weakened, and the strong annihilation force field will naturally increase the velocity.
……
The research meeting lasted two and a half hours, and everyone was actively speaking, not only explaining their work, but also explaining their ideas in the subsequent discussions.
This has also led to great progress in research, and the most direct response is the increase in the inspiration value of the system's tasks.
[Task 4]
[Research Project Title: Experimental Study of Annihilation Physics Based on Laser Irradiation Strong Annihilation Field (Difficulty: S).] 】
[Inspiration value: 49.] 】
"Nearly halfway there."
While Wang Hao was happy, he also felt a little emotion in his heart, there was a group of geniuses in the research group, and it felt really different.
These geniuses are able to do a lot of work on their own, and as long as they are given a clear direction, it is almost certain that they will be fruitful.
Of course, it was his contribution that was the greatest, because he guided the research in the right direction.
The research they did could be named "The Theory of Annihilation - The Theory of the Expansion of the Universe".
The theory of cosmic expansion, simply explained, is that the annihilation energy can make the space expand, and continuously disperse the entire cosmic space, which leads to the occurrence of cosmic expansion.
Based on the theory of annihilation, the research explains the cause of the expansion of the universe from another perspective, rather than attributing the expansion of the universe to the continuation of the 'Big Bang'.
"But we are not completely rejecting the Big Bang theory, perhaps the expansion itself can be understood as the process of the Big Bang."
"The Big Bang may not have happened in a moment, at a singularity, but all the time."
"In addition, we can also relate to the phenomenon of the acceleration of the expansion of the universe......"
The last point is to expand.
The Big Bang theory in theoretical physics is not perfect, for example, the Big Bang theory is difficult to explain, why the expansion of the universe has been accelerating, and the conventional imagination of the explosion must be the fastest and most intense reaction at the moment of the explosion, and the subsequent will be slower and slower.
However, astrophysical studies have shown that the universe is likely to expand at an accelerated rate.
The Big Bang doesn't explain the accelerating expansion of the universe, but the research they did could suggest several reasons.
For example, Helen made the idea that "if the Big Bang had been going on, perhaps the annihilation had been increasing." ”
Energy and matter are constantly annihilated by space, and they have become the nutrients for the expansion of the universe, just like powder dissolved in water, the volume of the solution will increase, and at the same time, the concentration of the solution will also increase.
Of course, no matter what the explanation is, it is impossible to prove it now, and it can only be classified as a 'theory'.
Therefore, the prefix of the name of the research is 'annihilation theory', not 'annihilation physics', and they are just based on experimental findings to do the underlying theoretical analysis.
Even so, everyone involved in the study was shocked because their research overturned some of the traditional astrophysical ideas and demonstrated a completely new cosmology.
As long as the research results are published, it will definitely cause a great shock in international physics.
Wang Hao believes that this research will become an important foundation for the theory of annihilation, and provide basic theoretical support for further experimental research in the future.
……
(End of chapter)