"When did we have such high-end technology?"

"What exactly is perfect ignition technology? If there is such a technology, it will directly solve a big problem! ”

"Ignition is really too important."

"Say 'perfect', can this technology achieve deuterium-deuterium ignition?"

"That's unlikely, right?"

"What kind of technology and how does it work?"

“……”

After Mr. Xu nodded in approval of Tang Jianjun's statement, the scholars in the audience were so surprised.

The ignition of nuclear fusion is one of the biggest problems.

They couldn't think of any ignition technique that could be called 'perfect', and they couldn't help but discuss it, and the scholars who were able to participate in the conference had a high level of ability.

Soon.

Some scholars thought of the annihilation force field, "There can only be two directions that can be called perfect ignition technology, one is the superconducting direction, and the unimaginably high magnetic field is created with superconducting technology, and it is associated with other technologies to achieve ignition ......"

"The other direction is more likely, which is the strong annihilation field, which can greatly increase the activity of the example."

"I think this technology is likely to be the control of the strong annihilation force field, and now there is a strong annihilation force field on the outer layer of the annihilation force field container, can it make the strong annihilation force field shrink inward?"

"Wait for the reaction to be stimulated, and then control the outward diffusion ......"

The idea is close.

Those scholars who don't know about F-rays can't think that a strong annihilation force field can be excited by rays.

Some scholars who know about F-rays will not say much about it, knowing that it is highly secretive.

Scholars are talking.

The atmosphere at the venue was noticeably lively.

Before the conference began, the vast majority of scholars regarded it as a meeting rather than a formal engineering project demonstration meeting, because they were not optimistic about the study of controlled nuclear fusion.

Since most people are not optimistic, it is natural that the research on controlled nuclear fusion cannot be carried out.

They only think of the conference as an academic exchange.

While coming here to attend the conference, I would like to talk to other scholars, and some familiar people would get together and have a good time.

Wait a minute.

Now it's different.

A 'perfect' fusion ignition technology has solved a major difficulty in nuclear fusion research, and they suddenly feel that there is still hope for nuclear fusion research projects.

A lot of people are getting serious, too.

The ignition technology of nuclear fusion is indeed very important, it sounds like just ignition, but it is very difficult to achieve ignition conditions.

Ignition is the self-sustaining reaction of nuclear fusion, and the conventional means is to heat deuterium and tritium plasma to more than 100 million degrees Celsius.

In addition to high temperatures, high pressures need to be provided to increase the probability of collisions between light nuclei.

It is generally believed that to achieve ignition conditions, deuterium and tritium plasma need to be compressed to about 10^20 atoms per cubic meter, which is equivalent to compressing one kilogram of material to the size of an egg.

If it is a reaction of deuterium and deuterium, the ignition requirements are even higher, and the minimum temperature to achieve is one billion degrees Celsius.

Scholars heard about the new technology and felt confident.

When the venue was a little quieter, Tang Jianjun continued to speak, he skipped the ignition technology, and talked about "Magnetic Field Environment Manufacturing and Reaction Control".

There's a lot to be said about this question.

If we make a simple summary, it can be understood as an argument for achieving that the energy output is greater than the input.

Another challenge of controlled nuclear fusion is that the output is greater than the input.

This is also the basic engineering goal of nuclear fusion research, and all research discussions will only be meaningful if the goal of output exceeding input can be achieved.

The study of 'achieving output over input' can be traced back to the Lawson criterion proposed in the fifties of the last century.

The Lawson criterion uses a number of assumptions, but it is clear that the key factors that make the output greater than the input are density, temperature, and constraint time.

This has to do with tokamak devices.

In the fully magnetic confinement environment of a tokamak device, the strength of the magnetic field determines the upper limit of density and temperature, and the size of the device determines the upper limit of the confinement time.

The decisive factors for whether the output can be greater than the input are the magnetic field strength and the size of the device.

Tang Jianjun talked about "Magnetic Field Environment Manufacturing and Reaction Control", which is an explanation of the existing basic technologies, including superconducting materials, first-order iron materials, and high magnetic fields supported by corresponding materials.

In short, it's all about the material.

The scholars in the venue all understood that in simple terms, with the support of first-order materials, the technology of superconducting materials has been greatly improved, and it can produce higher strength magnetic fields.

In addition, the manufacturing technology for magnetic field generation has also been improved.

In the research and development of upgraded superconducting materials, Tang Jianjun only gave a brief introduction, after all, he is not an expert in the field of materials.

After Tang Jianjun finished talking about his part, he left time to Zhao Jiarong.

Zhao Jiarong, deputy director of the Superconducting Materials Research Center, introduced the latest achievements of the Superconducting Materials Research Center.

"We have discovered a new type of superconducting material, named CWF-021, which can carry very high currents, about three times more than niobium-titanium alloys."

"In addition, through a series of experiments, we believe that replacing the carbon element in it with first-order carbon will make CWF-021 have a stronger melting point and toughness."

"Research is still underway in this area......"

“……”

Zhao Jiarong's report was also very shocking.

The superconducting material used in many strong magnetic field generating devices is niobium-titanium alloy, and the upper limit of the current intensity carried by the niobium-titanium alloy is very high, which means that the excitation magnetic field strength is high.

Now a new material has been developed, and the upper limit of the current intensity carried by the niobium titanium alloy is more than three times higher, which means that the magnetic field strength that can be manufactured will be much higher.

This material technology breakthrough can lay a solid foundation for nuclear fusion research.

After Zhao Jiarong finished his report, the venue gave the scholars a break to discuss, and then Wang Hao walked on the stage under everyone's attention.

The venue fell silent.

Many people are looking forward to Wang Hao's speech, Wang Hao is certainly one of the leaders of the project and the most influential scientist in the world.

They all wanted to know what Wang Hao would say.

Wang Hao was also prepared for his speech, and a PPT appeared on the big screen, but the title was only four words - "Reaction Vessel".

"I'm talking about reaction vessels."

"Everyone should know that the nuclear fusion research we are demonstrating will use annihilation force field technology, and the annihilation force field technology combined with the tokamak device is the most suitable vessel for nuclear fusion reactions."

"However, many people have a very shallow understanding of this, so I will talk about it seriously here."

Wang Hao quickly entered the topic, "The strong annihilation force field we created uses magnetic interference in the outer layer, which is similar to the magnetic confinement method of the tokamak......"

"This magnetic interference method can also be used in conjunction with the magnetic generator of the tokamak."

"It is a set of magnetic field equipment, which can be used to interfere with the strong annihilation force field, and at the same time, it can also be used to constrain the internal nuclear fusion reaction."

"That's one of those things."

"Also, we don't need the tokamak's full magnetic confinement ......"

He got to the point.

This sentence made many scholars' eyes widen, and the international research on nuclear fusion revolves around the tokamak device, and the tokamak device is completely magnetic confined, that is, the spiral magnetic field forms a closed cycle.

Now Wang Hao said that there is no need for 'complete magnetic confinement', which is equivalent to saying that there is no need for 'closed-loop magnetic field'.

This is a completely new technical theory.

Wang Hao said seriously, "My idea is to use the magnetic confinement space as the main output of the device. If the magnetic confinement is available, it will definitely be under very much pressure. ”

"Inside the device, however, is an anti-gravity field."

"As you know, a strong anti-gravity field can reduce particle activity by up to double the activity and react by a factor of three, or even more than four."

"In this way, we can control the rate of the internal fusion reaction by adjusting the strength of the internal anti-gravity field."

"In the outer layer, there is a strong annihilation field that absorbs energy."

"The output is subjected to a lot of pressure, neutron impact, and the influence of α particles are all problems, so it is necessary to combine high-end materials ......"

"Professor Ding Zongquan's team has developed an upgraded ferro-tungsten material with high melting point and toughness, with a melting point of 4380 degrees Celsius......"

This will be followed by an introduction to materials and other technologies.

Wang Hao's introduction of the reaction vessel is mainly to explain the coordinated control of the magnetic field, anti-gravity field and strong annihilation force field for nuclear fusion reactions.

He also came up with the idea of 'imperfect magnetic confinement'.

Tokamak devices use magnetic fields to fully control reactions, but at the same time, they bring a series of problems.

For example, temperature control.

For example, the issue of raw materials.

The complete magnetic confinement of the tokamak limits the reaction rate, making the deuterium-deuterium reaction 'almost impossible', and ignition is a big problem.

Now that the ignition problem has been solved, all that remains is the reaction efficiency problem.

Deuterium-deuterium reaction is the best choice for nuclear fusion.

The reason is simple: tritium is almost non-existent in nature, and artificial production is expensive and the production is extremely limited.

Deuterium is not limited and is present in large quantities in seawater.

The reason why nuclear fusion can be called infinite energy is because the deuterium in seawater is almost "unlimited" to humans.

The design of 'imperfect magnetic confinement' also has the advantage of solving the α particle problem.

Nuclear fusion reactions produce α particles.

α particles are charged particles and are naturally affected by magnetic fields.

In a fully magnetically confined environment, α particles are another impurity that needs to be removed, otherwise the fusion reaction rate will be reduced.

In an imperfect magnetic confinement environment, the magnetic field will have an outlet and α particles will be able to be expelled.

……

The morning session ended.

The enthusiasm of each of the participating scholars was mobilized, and they continued to discuss the content of the conference, including the perfect ignition technology, including the breakthrough of superconducting material technology, and Wang Hao's design idea of 'imperfect magnetic confinement'.

"Although there are still many difficulties to be overcome, the realization of 'imperfect magnetic constraints' has solved most of the problems, and there is already a main core direction."

"'Imperfect magnetic constraints' will also bring new problems, and the pressure on the output port will be very high."

"Even if there is an anti-gravity field and a strong annihilation field, it is difficult to achieve conventional output ......"

"High burst of energy inside, concentrated in the outlet ......"

“……”

As the scholars continued to discuss, the conversation quickly turned to the most critical material technologies.

Many technical problems can be solved with high-end materials, but material technology is one of the most difficult fields, and it is very difficult to have a series of breakthroughs.

Even though there are still many technical difficulties, scholars have more confidence in the argument.

Now that we are only holding the first demonstration meeting, we have solved a lot of problems, and if we continue to study and then demonstrate, we may have solutions to some problems.

That's what the argument is for.

For a large-scale engineering research project, it is necessary to make a very detailed demonstration to ensure that the research does not encounter insurmountable technical problems.

The afternoon session continued with the presentation.

At this time, other experts and scholars also spoke, and some people raised questions, such as the energy conversion of the output port.

The output of nuclear fusion is also a big problem.

From an output point of view, the efficiency of the energy of the neutrons in converting it into usable heat energy is limited, and the efficiency of thermal power generation itself is very low.

How to maximize power output is something that must be demonstrated in detail.

Some issues were raised, some were solved, and new ones arose, but in any case, the meeting achieved the desired results.

After the meeting, we will discuss it together for three days.

This period of time is for scholars to discuss and exchange.

Wang Hao sat with Mr. Xu, and they continued to talk about the nuclear fusion research project, but the content was not about technical issues.

Mr. Xu wanted to find some confidence, and he smiled bitterly, "Wang Hao, the nuclear fusion project is so difficult, I didn't expect that I would be able to be responsible for the demonstration of this kind of project in my lifetime." ”

As he spoke, he kept scratching his scalp.

Teacher Xu is indeed under a lot of pressure.

The nuclear fusion project is so important that every high-level decision-maker will pay attention to it, he is directly responsible for the project demonstration, and he also has the decision-making power to start the project.

If you decide to start the project officially, the pressure becomes even greater.

If the research is successful, history will naturally make a strong record; Rather, it is a major decision-making mistake in his personal working life.

All responsibilities are borne by Mr. Xu.

Relatively speaking, Wang Hao does not have any pressure, he is just a scholar, no matter how influential he is, he is only a scholar, and he does not have the decision-making power to decide to start the project.

If the controllable nuclear fusion technology can be successfully studied, Wang Hao's leading project research will definitely be the biggest contributor.

On the contrary, if the research fails, it is Mr. Xu who is responsible.

Wang Hao listened to Teacher Xu's complaint and couldn't help but smile, "Don't worry." If the argument can be passed, there will certainly be no problem with the research. ”

"This, I still have confidence."

"I also know you're stressed...... But those who can work harder, that's what you told me......"

Teacher Xu could only nod depressedly.

He said that those who can work harder hope that Wang Hao will do more research and make more contributions to the national scientific cause.

Changed to himself......

Do you work hard?

Now it's the capable who are responsible!