Chapter 629: Inner Electron Covalent Structure, a New Direction in Materials Science!
With enough materials, the determination of moissanite progressed very rapidly, and it only took about three days for Wang Hui's laboratory to issue a very detailed determination report.
The laboratory will continue to perform the assays in the future, but they are all studies that require long-term follow-up.
The report is now very detailed.
The Super S Wave Research Base quickly got the report, and Wang Hao also gathered many people to discuss it together.
The detailed test report of moissanite is very unusual, similar to the previous report, reflecting the abnormality of physical properties and chemical properties.
"The anomalies in the physical properties are mainly reflected in the special high melting point, high toughness and high hardness."
"This data is beyond the usual structural logic."
From the perspective of atomic structure, no matter how stable the atomic order of silicon carbide is, the physical properties expressed cannot exceed that of diamond.
The covalent composition of the carbon atom of diamond is already extremely perfect.
The carbon atom possesses four covalent bonds.
In the atomic structure of diamond, carbon atoms are connected to each other in a tetrahedral bonding mode to form an infinite three-dimensional skeleton, which is a typical atomic crystal, and each carbon atom forms a covalent bond with another 4 carbon atoms in an SP3 hybrid orbital to form a regular tetrahedron.
If you want to go further, you can only make a substance similar to graphene, which can be measured by the composition of the bond position alone.
The atomic structure of silicon carbide, composed of carbon and silicon, is relatively stable, but the silicon atom has only two covalent bonds on average, and the atomic structure of silicon carbide formed is obviously not comparable with diamond.
Because of this, diamond has a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale and silicon carbide on a scale of 9 to 9.5.
The hardness of moissanite is 1.5 times that of diamond, and it is no longer possible to explain the atomic order structure and molecular composition.
"The chemical properties also exhibit anomalies, which are reflected in the need for chemical reactions and the release of energy beyond the logic of energy."
"Like, burning."
"Silicon carbide combustion releases energy intensity beyond specification, which is 25 to 27 times higher than conventional silicon carbide combustion."
"This is obviously not normal."
To put it simply, it is the release of heat beyond the specification during the combustion process.
The combustion of caricavic crystal is the reaction of elemental carbon and elemental silicon with oxygen, mainly to generate carbon dioxide and silica, and insufficient reaction will also generate carbon monoxide, silicon trioxide and other substances.
Combustion is a fixed chemical reaction with a fixed chemical equation, and the final heat generated can also be calculated through the overall energy loss.
Now there is a release of energy more than 20 times higher, and explosive flames and high temperatures have been formed in the process, which is obviously far beyond the conventional range.
"Why is this happening?"
At the discussion meeting, Wang Hao explained the determination report of moissanite and asked questions to everyone.
The participants included people from the theory group, and also found several scholars in the fields of physics and chemistry, as well as several leaders and persons in charge of the research group.
Yang Zhifen and Lu Zhen are both very good experts in the fields of molecular chemistry and atomic physics.
Many people also looked at them.
In the fields of molecular chemistry and atomic physics, Yang Zhifen and Lu Zhen are the top experts present, and they can put forward very important opinions in the professional field.
However, the current situation is that the content of the test report has gone beyond the conventional scope.
Yang Zhifen and Lu Zhen both frowned, completely unable to understand why this situation occurred.
Wang Hao also looked at the two of them expectantly, and at the same time looked at the others expectantly, he held a targeted discussion meeting, the purpose of which was to analyze what happened.
Perhaps for others, if they want to understand the underlying cause, they still need a series of experimental results before further analysis and derivation.
Wang Hao only needs one idea, one right idea.
When many people are thinking, Wang Hao is leisurely playing with the 'big diamond' in his hand.
Among the manufactured moissanite, there are many 'large diamonds' that form a regular polyhedral structure, the largest of which is close to 9 cm in diameter.
The one in Wang Hao's hand was not the largest, but it was the most beautiful of them, and it seemed to be mixed with other elements, making it glow in various colors under the light.
He put the diamond in front of his eyes and looked at it carefully, and couldn't help but sigh, "It's really beautiful, and it's very suitable as a jewelry......
"Give it to Yingxue!"
Wang Hao has already made the decision to enrich his own pockets, while others are thinking about the reason for the abnormal physical and chemical properties of moisserie.
They quickly got to the point - atomic composition!
The analysis of the physical and chemical properties of any substance must ultimately be attributed to the atomic and molecular composition, and the physical and chemical properties of moissilate are so excessive that they can no longer be explained by 'molecular bonds', and can only be attributed to the abnormality of atomic composition.
"No matter how it is structured, it is impossible for a molecular bond to have such a stable structure, nor can it have such an exceedingly chemical property."
"It could only be an anomaly in the composition of the atoms, or it could be understood that the atoms have changed somehow."
Wang Hao agreed with this conclusion.
The symposium continued along the line, while the theory group considered what happens when the electron shell of an atom is stripped away.
"Ascending phenomena can be ruled out."
Helen explained her opinion, "Neither carbon nor silicon atoms have been upgraded, and at the same time, the nucleus has not changed. ”
"When we study the upgrading of elements, we have found that atoms that return to their normal environment after magnetization will also return to their original state."
When Helen finished her opinion, the others followed suit, but no matter which angle they looked at, they did not come to a conclusion.
This is because the conventional physical and chemical content can no longer explain such an excessive anomaly.
Ding Zhiqiang whispered to Chen Mengmeng, "It may also be that some kind of routine impossible change has occurred." ”
"With conventional knowledge of physical chemistry, it is impossible to discuss phenomena that have not been discovered, and there will be no results."
Chen Mengmeng nodded sympathetically, then her eyes lit up and said, "Could it be like this?" For example, carbon atoms and silicon atoms combined? ”
"Or, the nucleus of a carbon atom and the nucleus of a silicon atom are combined."
"They are not covalent bonds formed in the outer layer, but the inner ......"
Ding Zhiqiang thought about it and asked with doubts, "How did you combine it?" Two nuclei ......"
He couldn't think of it.
At this time, Wang Hao's eyes suddenly lit up, and there was correct feedback in his mind, and he immediately said, "Is it possible that carbon and silicon elements are not combined by covalent bonds?" Or is it not the interaction of outer electrons and the bonding of molecules? ”
Chen Mengmeng was stunned when she heard this, and couldn't help but admire, "Teacher Wang and I have thought of it together." ”
"Really."
Ding Zhiqiang was full of admiration for Wang Hao, "We just thought about it, and Mr. Wang said it, he must have thought earlier than we thought." ”
Discussions continued.
Two atoms are not held together by molecular bonds, so how do they come together?
Most people are worried.
Chen Mengmeng thought of a possibility, she immediately raised her hand and said, "Could it be like this?" I'm just going to say what I think......"
She said it with some hesitation, and even she thought the idea was too terrifying.
Wang Hao said encouragingly, "This is a discussion meeting, if you have any ideas, just say it." ”
"Okay."
Chen Mengmeng said, "That's right. Is there a possibility that the strong S wave will strip away the electron shell of the atom, so is it possible that after the electron shell is peeled off, the close carbon nuclei and silicon nuclei are affected by the strong annihilation force field in a fixed direction and are combined in some special form......"
"Like a twin star in the universe?"
"After returning to the normal environment, the electron shell returns, forming a stable structure around the two nuclei."
"In this way, the silicon carbide molecule becomes a special atom with a carbon-silicon biatomic nuclear structure, and the outer electrons are connected to other special atoms of the same kind......"
After listening to Chen Mengmeng's statement, everyone else's eyes widened in shock, and they subconsciously felt 'impossible'.
"There is no such substance in nature."
"Two nuclei close together? The nucleus, which is also positively charged, produces a very large charge repulsion, and soon, it will be separated. ”
"It is simply impossible to form a stable structure in this way!"
Wang Hao wrinkled his brows and thought, he no longer played with the big diamond in his hand, but said, "Maybe the nuclei don't need to be close enough, just closer?" ”
"The silicon carbide molecule is formed by the interaction of the outer electrons to form a covalent bond, and the electron shell is stripped in the process of regression, which may form a special stable structure to make the molecular bond more stable."
"For example, the inner electrons are also involved in the composition of the bonds......"
What he said lit up, and he also confirmed his thoughts.
Others think in the same direction.
Yang Zhifen put down the pen in his hand, and asked with a condensed eyebrow, "The inner electrons are not involved in the composition of chemical bonds, and even if this makes sense, it needs to be close enough to the two nuclei to be possible, but ......"
Helen smiled, "Professor Yang, what you said is not a problem at all, what we are studying is not pure chemistry and physics, but special reactions with the participation of strong S waves. ”
"The strong S wave is a directional strong annihilation force field, which will expose the atom itself to a unidirectional annihilation force field, and the reaction process will also greatly affect the inside of the atomic nucleus."
"If the intensity of the strong S-wave is high enough, the nuclei will be pulled and disintegrated, and the positive charge of the protons will be stripped away, and then degenerate into neutrons."
"So, we have enough conditions to get the nuclei close enough."
Everyone else looked at Wang Hao.
Wang Hao affirmed Helen's statement, "That's right, the particularity of strong S waves determines that they have a huge impact on the nucleus. ”
"When the electron shell is stripped away, the electromagnetic action of protons in the nucleus is also affected, enough to bring the two nuclei close to ......"
……
The discussion on moissanite tectonics has ended.
Many people are still talking about the content of the meeting, Wang Hao affirmed Chen Mengmeng's idea, and also added a special silicon carbide molecular structure.
Instead of being bonded by the chemical bonds produced by the outer electrons, the carbon-silicon atoms are closer together to form a single atom.
It can be understood that two different circles, the conventional molecule is two circles attached together, with a common intersection point, that is, a chemical bond, and now one side of the two circles is stacked together, creating a 'common area', forming a figure with a double circle structure.
Such a structure can no longer be called simply a 'molecule', and at the same time, it cannot be called an atom, but a special structure between an atom and a molecule.
The definition given by Wang Hao is 'inner electron covalent structure'.
The covalent structure of the inner electrons explains why moissanite is detected.
For example, ultra-high physical properties.
The inner electron covalent structure is more stable, and there may even be several 'inner shell shared electrons', so the structure will be more stable.
When the molecular structure is more stable, more energy will be required to split the molecule, and in the process of molecular splitting, there will be a larger energy loss, which will naturally produce more heat.
To some extent, the combustion process of moissilis crystal even rubs the edge of the nuclear reaction.
……
The 'covalent structure of the inner electrons' that was discussed at the conference has not been fully determined.
Although no one questioned Wang Hao's statement, further testing and research are needed to prove the conclusion.
However, the study group does not need to prove it.
They are not specifically studying molecular problems, they are studying the properties of the super-S wave region, and for the discovery of moissanite, what needs to be considered is whether there will be other chemical elements and substances that can form the same 'inner electron covalent structure'.
In other words, whether or not other 'new substances' can be made.
This is very important.
If more substances similar to moissanite can be discovered, the field of materials science can be made by leaps and bounds.
In the past, first-order elements have made leaps and bounds in materials science, and now the 'covalent structure of inner electrons' may make many substances with special physical and chemical properties.
A new substance also represents a new material technology and a new direction for material manufacturing.
There are already many uses for moisscarine.
Many people see moissanite and subconsciously think of it as a kind of jewelry similar to diamonds.
In fact, moissanite has colorless and transparent properties, as well as stronger hardness, toughness and special high melting point than diamond, making it able to have a very wide range of uses.
For example, it is used as a high-temperature and pressure-resistant lens.
High-temperature and compression-resistant lenses are widely used in various precision scientific instruments and equipment, aero engines, space science and technology and other fields.
There is also a lot of demand for high-temperature and pressure-resistant lenses in the industry.
This material can also be applied directly to the interior of a light-pressure engine.
The performance of the excitation propulsion device of the light-pressure engine determines the maximum light-pressure thrust of the light-pressure engine.
Among them, the performance of the concentrator is a very important part.
The condenser can be simply understood as a concave mirror, that is, the strong light is concentrated together to form a strong light source with high heat and high pressure.
The performance of the concentrator used in the current light pressure engine is relatively lagging behind, mainly because the manufacturing materials cannot withstand higher temperatures.
Generally, as long as it is a transparent material, the high temperature resistance characteristics are the upper limit, and it cannot catch up with metal and alloy materials.
The melting point of moissanite is more than twice that of the condenser material in the light-pressure engine, which can naturally greatly improve the performance of the concentrator and nearly enhance the performance ceiling of the excitation propulsion device.