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The first penny newspaper, The Sun, relied on sensational news to impress the public, and won with a "human touch" of reporting.

Full-page articles were often unnamed, and if the word "recent" were not used, the story might have appeared to be fictional.

When the Herald was first founded, it also imitated the Sun's approach and adopted sensational themes.

The Herald had no qualms about publishing violent news, but since then, the Herald has expanded into other areas of journalism.

For example, opening a financial column that is the best for any newspaper;

There is also an interesting "Letters from Readers" section;

It also promotes the development of critical comment boards and social news;

The Herald provided sports news long before other newspaper editors recognized the appeal of sports journalism.

And the Tribune is another style.

Although it was stated in its inaugural issue that it was priced at one cent and was sold to the general public in the same way as other penny newspapers, the differences were highlighted.

Because this issue is all about serious issues and journalism, not just emotional excitement.

The concept of the newspaper is that "the public can be attracted by rendering emotional stimulation and by reasoning." ”

Over the years, many issues have been discussed, and most of the topics selected are of concern to ordinary people: politics, agriculture, labor, education, debt fears, women's rights, alcohol prohibition, marriage, frontiers, and slavery.

It is worth mentioning that Marx was one of the London-based correspondents of the Tribune, writing for 10 years.

In theory, a local newspaper with a circulation of less than 20,000 copies can produce content with only a dozen people.

Because the scale is so small, the entire newsroom can have 9 text reporters, 2 photojournalists and 4 editors, which is basically enough

When it comes to a major story, the executive editor-in-chief can discuss it with the evening editor.

But a big newspaper with nearly 50 editions a day and a circulation of about 200,000 copies is completely different, at least it doesn't look like a playhouse.

Two mornings and afternoons a day is a must, right?

Editors-in-chief of all sections are required to participate, such as cities, economy, sports, culture, editorials, and so on.

There is nothing complicated about the meeting, mainly to report the news clues of all aspects of the day and determine the key news topics of the day;

In the afternoon, another regular meeting will be held, presided over by the editor-in-chief on duty, the main content of which is to determine the headline manuscript or picture of the day, and determine the main manuscript of the previous edition.

Such regular meetings are also common in some well-known newspapers.

Looking at the New York Times' reports on some domestic and international events, I find that in addition to immediate reports, there are also general backgrounds, relevant reports, opinions, etc.

This must be done in regular meetings, where everyone analyzes the important events of the week and discusses the scale and manner of the report, so as to make the report very rich and substantial.

However, no matter whether it is a big newspaper or a tabloid, the attitude of the press towards the news is always "the first timeliness".

In tabloids, the daily news of the day written by reporters is an important source of reporting for the newspaper.

Their manuscripts will determine the publication of the newspaper that day.

Many newspapers publish a "final edition", which is a page that is printed after the final deadline.

Because the newspapers here are very large, and the one-time printing workload is too large, some editions are printed in advance during the day.

In addition to timeliness, there are also reports on major events

There should always be a public standard for the so-called big things.

But in ugly countries, this public standard is often not at odds with the newspaper's own journalistic standards.

It's rare to see a uniform headline here, even though there may be a national event happening on this day.

Moreover, the big things that ugly people think are different from the big things that other countries think.

Take National Day as an example, it should be a big deal in any country in the world.

But the next day's newspaper doesn't see much of the big news about this event.

You may even find a relevant report in the corner of the last page, and the word count will not be too many, only about one or two hundred words.

The headlines of the day may be a big photo report, and the theme may be "Focus on Crime";

Another example is that there is a shootout somewhere, which may only be mentioned inadvertently in the New York Times, but not discussed too much.

On the contrary, in some local newspapers, they will be written in large letters, with large paragraphs of text and photos to greet them, and at the same time they must be accompanied by comments.

This inconsistency in the reporting of major events shows that the criteria for selecting news from one newspaper to another are not uniform, and it also depends on the style and theme of the newspaper.

When you look at a newspaper in an ugly country, especially one of its editions, you often feel that one of its editions has a patterned characteristic.

Like some tabloids, the daily page is generally a style, the headlines are made of columns, the big headlines, and then the text is converted;

At the bottom of the headline, the center of the page is usually a large picture.

On both sides of the picture are vertical text news, and under the picture, that is, at the bottom of the newspaper page, there is often horizontal text news.

This way of grouping is already patterned, and it is true every day unless there is a specific reason.

In fact, the same is true for large newspapers, with dozens of pages every day, but almost all of the front pages have been patterned, and in addition to the introduction, there are never more than 4 articles published on one page.

Of course, patterning isn't always the same.

Some newspapers do not have this model of clear layout segmentation and clear pictures and text.

On one of its pages, you can no longer see the so-called column division of the newspaper layout, because whether it is the pictures or the text it publishes, it has completely broken the format of dividing the layout by columns.

Compared with some newspapers that use layout segmentation in a more standardized way, the whole combination of such a page looks a little scattered, even a little unorganized, but it has a strong visual impact.

To put it simply, when the newspaper is placed at the stop, passers-by will be caught by such a page at a glance, and then pay for it.

There are also relatively "old-fashioned" ones, such as the Wall Street Journal, which not only has a wide newspaper layout that is a bit unique, but also gives the impression that it is decent.

If the previous "mess" of the one-page combination gave people a sense of youthful impulse, then the Wall Street Journal gave people a sense of stability and maturity.

It's not enough to have a theme and a typography model, the key to providing content is the running reporter.

In addition to the reporters stationed abroad, the reporters in the editorial department often go to different places.

Some big newspapers have special reporters stationed in the White House, in the Parliament, etc.

Some small newspapers with strong local characteristics also divide reporters into economics, sports, or running courts, police stations, etc.

Don't underestimate the journalist profession, especially in this day and age, the status of a journalist is not even lower than that of a city councilor.

To be a good journalist, one is to have good friends with local officials so that you can get exclusive news leads;

Second, you must keep a certain distance from the officials, because in this way, your report will not lose its fairness and you will be able to really report something.

It may seem like a contradiction, but that's exactly what it is.

A prolific reporter averages more than 4 articles a day in a week's time, and the most is seven or eight articles a day, all of which are news of the day.

Of course, individual newspapers have their own rules, for example, some newspapers require each reporter to publish at least two articles a day, and they are all news of the day.

In the morning, in the entire newsroom, you basically don't see anyone, and you can only see two people, one is the news personnel and the other is the newsroom in charge of reception.

The rhythm of the reporter's work is: before leaving the office on the first day, he sends the lead of the next day's interview to the personal database of the executive editor-in-chief, goes out in the morning for an interview, and returns to the office at noon or afternoon to write the manuscript, which is usually completed by 8 o'clock in the evening.

For example, a journalist who runs away from the law and interviews the local police station and the court, and this reporter must have a very close relationship with the police station and the court.

At the police station, you can greet almost everyone you meet.

Moreover, in a fixed position in the police station, important news clues of the day are placed, which can be accessed as soon as you go, perhaps specially prepared for them. In the court, in addition to observing the hearings during the court session, it is also necessary to have access to the office of the court's archives department, and to obtain more detailed background materials for each case.

For journalists, friends and connections are a real resource of journalism.

But such reporters are hard to find, and reporters with such relationships have either proven themselves in big newspapers and are unlikely to change jobs;

Either you haven't really entered the industry yet, waiting for someone to come for an interview, which is tantamount to looking for a needle in a haystack.

The tabloids don't think it's easy to mix, in fact, it's a lot of work.

Rosenthal once worked in a tabloid and, in his words, worked there to earn the least amount of money and do the most work.

There are even times when one person doubles as both a day shift and a night shift editor.

In the newsroom, you'll find two things:

The first is the schedule for the special issues and special pages of the newspaper of the month, which is pasted on a blackboard in the editorial room.

The second is the situation of each page every day, including how much space is occupied by advertising.

The former, because their special editions are not completely fixed and will change, so one month may be different from another.

The latter is because the advertising department needs to notify the evening shift editor in writing of the day's advertising occupation before the end of the afternoon work.

Here, there are four things that night editors must do - one is to edit the manuscript, which is mainly edited by the reporter's manuscript for the day, the Associated Press's manuscript, and the manuscript downloaded from other sources;

The second is entry, there are many contents that need to be entered at night, such as some obituary advertisements, marriage advertisements, etc., which are often entered by the evening shift editor;

The third is the group page, including the insertion of advertisements, and a tabloid publishes about 20 pages a day.

In addition to the editions that are formed in advance during the day, there are also about 10 editions that need to be assembled at night, and the entire newsroom may only have four editors.

Therefore, the amount of editions per person per day should be about three editions, which is quite a lot of work;

Fourth, proofreading, tabloids do not have special proofreaders, small proofreading is done by the editors themselves, under normal circumstances, who is responsible for proofreading which edition.

The tabloid where Rosenthal worked did not have an editor-in-chief, and the executive editor-in-chief was the biggest "news head".

His work routine is to go to the office at about 2 o'clock in the afternoon every day, usually sign the big print at 2 o'clock in the morning the next day, and then go home, which is 12 hours a day, seven days a week, all year round.

Because of a very small newspaper, the editor-in-chief needs to do everything himself.

For example, in the evening, the first edition is basically selected and assembled by the executive editor-in-chief, because the people who can do the executive editor-in-chief are skilled in the composition technology, and sometimes the first and second editions are all grouped;

This is not enough, the executive editor-in-chief also has to go out to interview the big event himself, and then come back to write, and maybe the final typesetting and proofreading work is done by him alone.

Such work intensity, coupled with a low salary, can basically be included in the category of power generation for love.

If you don't really love this job, I'm afraid no one wants to stick to it.

So reporters are hard to find, and good editors-in-chief are even harder to find.

However, Rosenthal showed that he was willing to try, and yes, otherwise he would not have made such a bold proposal.

He took out a yellowed newspaper and said:

"That's where I used to work, and you see, that's what I'm responsible for."

Most of the newspapers in ugly countries have a lot of pages and different sections.

In order to facilitate the reader's reading, the newspaper's handling of the guide can be said to be extremely meticulous and effective.

The first page of the newspaper, in addition to the main news and pictures, the largest page is the guide.

In addition to the main news, the guide also includes some obituaries that ordinary readers are concerned about, and instructions on which edition of the weather is in.

The second edition is often a big guide, introducing the main news in the form of a summary.

In addition, each section has its own section of the guide, which is generally placed on the home page of each section.

It can be said that what content you want to read, as long as you read the guide, you will know which section and which page it is in;

As long as you read the first and second pages and the introduction to each section, you will actually have an overall impression of the whole newspaper on this day.

The production of the reading guide is also very exquisite, there are horizontal columns, vertical columns, wide columns and narrow columns, some are mainly pictures, some are mainly text, the whole look, is a "landscape" on the first page of the newspaper.

This kind of reading guide is a kind of prompt for readers to read and convenient for readers, and second, it can emphasize the important and core content of the newspaper that day.

And Rosenthal's work in charge of reading proves that he has a strong ability to summarize and co-ordinate, which is also the basic quality of the editor-in-chief.