Chapter 398: Al Wedding (1)

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Robert McCormitt rejected Li Yaoyang's refusal very crisply, and there seemed to be no room for manoeuvre, he was a staunch white supremacist and the most loyal supporter of the Elephant Family, and he was a natural opposition to Li Yaoyang.

There seemed to be no possibility of negotiation, but Cecil did not think so.

After the ribbon-cutting ceremony, he said to Li Yaoyang:

"How many days are you in Chicago?"

"One day at most, after the wedding tomorrow, back to Atlantic City the day after tomorrow."

"One more day, I'll talk to Robert tomorrow."

"Eh~ The reason why you are so active in this matter?" Li Yaoyang didn't sell it, and asked directly.

"You'll know when the time comes."

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For every man and woman who is in love, there is a beautiful yearning for marriage in their hearts, and one of the important steps is to hold a wedding.

Of course, perhaps for young people who have experienced various wedding scenes in later generations, they are not interested in this kind of cumbersome ceremony that has to lose money after going through the process.

But for people in this era, weddings are still solemn and sacred occasions.

Even a bastard like Alcatel attaches great importance to weddings, not only spending a lot of money, but also inviting all the good friends he can invite to the scene.

Chinese and Western weddings have their own merits and historical origins, and ancient Greek and Roman culture has influenced the development of European civilization, and of course, it has also penetrated into wedding ceremonies.

Many of the contents of the wedding ceremony in the West were established in ancient Rome.

In ancient Rome, where men were predominant, women were marginalized, but they were very important participants in the wedding ceremony and played an irreplaceable role.

And from the early Republic to the early Empire, the role of women in it was constantly expanding, which also reflected the process of women transforming from a wedding participant to an important member of society.

Although in ancient Roman society the existence of marriage did not depend on any form from a legal point of view, the ceremony of a wedding was still an important procedure for informing others about the marriage.

The wedding is also divided into several stages, in order to gradually realize the transition from patriarchy to husband's authority.

The ancient Romans generally held an engagement ceremony before the formal marriage, and the parents of both parties entered into a marriage contract for their children, which was also an extremely complex process that required the consideration of many factors and the interests of the family.

And this process is almost without the involvement of the parties, and it is up to both parents to decide.

Although betrothal ceremonies were performed by a significant number of people in society, not all marriages were compulsory, but the ritual became more prevalent during the Roman Empire, and later weddings continued the practice.

The engagement can be followed by a marriage ceremony at a time agreed upon by both parties, ranging from a few months apart to several years, as each family takes a different amount of time to prepare for the wedding.

Preparation for the wedding is not a simple task, and it is first necessary for the soothsayer to choose the time and place for the wedding for the couple, but the time is usually avoided in February and May of each year, because these two months are clearly recorded in ancient Rome as unsuitable dates for marriage.

Secondly, a few days before the official wedding, the bride and groom had to perform a sacrifice ceremony before the wedding, which was a way for the ancient Romans to seek protection from the gods in order to ensure that the wedding went smoothly.

When this ceremony is held, it means that the bride and groom are adults and can get married.

On the day of the wedding, the brides will be dressed up to make them the most beautiful girls in the world.

Although the wedding ceremony is roughly the same, there will be slight differences in the details in different classes and different historical periods, so as to highlight the differences in their respective identities and eras.

Before the middle of the Republic, the aristocracy of the time used a wedding ceremony of eclipse, which first required a divination ceremony, and the groom usually came to the bride's house in the morning to receive divination with the bride.

After divination, the couple will make sacrifices to heaven, take vows in the presence of witnesses, share wheat cakes with diners, and celebrate with all those who attend the wedding.

There are two forms of commoner weddings: buying and selling marriages and time-limited marriages, and the process is not as complicated as that of aristocratic weddings, both of which only need to hold simple ceremonies to produce a marriage relationship.

By the end of the republic and the early empire, the previous sacrificial rites and the dress of the bride were preserved, and the sacrificial ceremony was the most important ceremony of the whole wedding, but unlike before, the sacrificial ceremony was no longer presided over by a special priest, but by the newlyweds.

After the ceremony, the bride will follow the groom home, and this process is escorted by a singing team, which is the most eye-catching scene on the entire street.

After the couple finally arrives at their new home, there are a series of tedious processes waiting for them, such as receiving a baptism of water and fire, asking questions to the bride, and officiating at the sacrifice the next morning.

Only after all these processes are completed, the two can be considered to be married in the presence of everyone, and such a marriage is a legal marriage.

Although the ancient Roman era was still in the early stage of human society, civilization was relatively civilized at that time, and it had transitioned from group marriage to monogamy.

Men were the masters of the whole society, and women were in a "patriarchal patriarchal" society, with a low status and no power, but by the early years of the empire, women's status gradually increased, and they began to have a certain autonomy in marriage.

The Roman family in the republican period was a "patriarchal patriarchy", in which the father was the central figure of a family, in which wives, daughters, slaves, and property all belonged to the role of "father".

Therefore, the father can control the marriage of his children, choose what kind of family his children marry with, without consulting the children, and at the same time, the children have no right to object, only unconditional obedience.

And only a marriage with parental consent is a valid marriage, otherwise it will not be recognized by society.

Men have absolute authority in society, and they are in charge of the sacrifice in the family, so all members of the family are subject to his arrangement.

At the same time, the absolute power of the male head of the family was also established in law, and the "Twelve Tables Law" stipulated that the head of the family could dispose of all members of the family at will.

At that time, all the property of the family was at the disposal of the head of the family alone, and other family members such as wives and children could not own their own property, but they could inherit the property of the head of the family without a will.

This shows that at that time, all the people in the family were just appendages of the "patriarch" who held the financial power, and did not have any autonomy.

In the early years of the empire, society underwent a major change, and the "patriarchal patriarchy" was challenged during this period.

As the patriarchal man's authority in the family has weakened, women's voice in the family has gradually expanded, and they have begun to participate in major family choices and decisions, so the status of women has also improved.

This is because during this period, Rome continued to go out to fight, which required a large number of men to join the army, and the men in the family were all fighting abroad, so it was up to women to decide the affairs of the family.

At the same time, because of this, the members of the family have a broader source of wealth, and the son can earn wealth by joining the army to earn military merits, which weakens the dependence of wives and children on the male head of the family, resulting in a relatively low status of the head.

In addition, at this time, the law was constantly improved and established, which also limited some unreasonable rights of the "parents" in the family to a certain extent, and the parents could no longer kill their wives, children and other members of the family at will, which weakened the absolute dependence of family members on the parents.

The marriage of children is no longer decided by the parents alone, and the opinions of the mothers have become very important, and the children have a certain right to choose in this regard, and no longer blindly obey the choices of the parents.

With the continuous progress and development of society, people's concepts and customs are also changing, so the wedding etiquette from the early Roman Republic to the early empire is also constantly changing.

First of all, the class difference between nobles and commoners was not as obvious as in the early republican period, and the wedding of the nobles was too cumbersome, so they began to borrow some of the processes of the commoner's wedding and downplay the religious rituals they used in the wedding, so the aristocratic wedding ceremony began to be simplified.

Since then, the process of wedding ceremonies has gradually been fixed, and for a long time later, Westerners have basically continued this form of weddings.

Secondly, weddings in ancient Rome paid more and more attention to the role of the bride, which was reflected in the attention to the bride's dress and clothing on the wedding day, and wanted to show the transformation of the bride's identity through decoration.

For women, the wedding is a "coming-of-age ceremony", marking their transformation from a pure girl to a mature married woman, who will take on the task of giving birth to children and doing a good job as a wife in the future.

At the same time, some wedding elements from other regions were also added to Roman weddings, especially Greek culture had the greatest influence on Roman weddings.

For example, in the process of the wedding, the god of "Xu Men" is mentioned, I hope to pray for his protection and let the wedding go smoothly.

One of the most important reasons for the evolution of the Roman wedding ceremony was influenced by the credibility of the father's authority, which had absolute authority during the republican period, and the marriage was subject to the father's decision.

Weddings are held to achieve the transition to women's power, so in order to highlight this process, wedding ceremonies are more cumbersome.

Later, during the imperial period, patriarchy was gradually weakened, and women's personality was gradually valued, so the significance of the wedding ceremony at this time became to confirm the legitimacy of the relationship between the couple and the couple.

Secondly, it was affected by the changes in class relations in society, and in the early republican period, it was not possible to intermarry between nobles and commoners, and each class had its own wedding ceremony. Later, the boundary between nobles and commoners gradually faded, and intermarriage between the two classes was allowed, so that the differences between the marriages of the various classes gradually narrowed.

In addition, the reason for this change was the influence of foreign cultures, and Rome continued to absorb the cultures of other regions after a long period of foreign conquests.

This cultural mix was reflected in Roman weddings, such as the carols of the bride and groom in processions, which used works from Greek literature, and the sacrificial rituals that preceded the wedding.

In ancient Rome, the wedding ceremony was very important, and only when this ceremony was held did the bride and groom officially declare to the society that they were legally husband and wife, and the bride could be accepted by the man's family.

At the same time, the child they give birth to has a legal status and can later obtain his due inheritance rights.

The idea of attaching importance to the sense of wedding ceremony has also continued to this day, and many modern marriage etiquette also originated from ancient Rome, which shows its deep influence.

Marriage in ancient Rome was monogamous, "the same woman could not marry two people, and the same person could not marry two wives", and the marriage was concluded for the purpose of giving birth to a male and a female child and inheriting the bloodline.

Roman marriages in the republican period were arranged by parents and were not based on personal love, and marriages in this period were divided into "married marriages" and "marriages without husbands".

The Roman woman was under patriarchal rule when she was unmarried, and when she married a man, it meant that she broke away from her patriarchy and began to accept the right of her husband, which was called "married with husbandry";

And if she does not leave her husband's family when she gets married, she still accepts paternal rights, which means that her husband does not enjoy her property rights, so it is called a "marriage without husband's rights".

The aforementioned "wheat cake marriage", also known as the "food marriage", is the oldest and most formal marriage ceremony, somewhat similar to modern church weddings.

The wedding ceremony was presided over by the high priest and the priest Jupiter, and in the presence of 10 witnesses, the bride and groom sat on two chairs tied together in sheepskins, and after taking vows to each other, they shared a piece of wheat bread for sacrifice.

Wheat cakes were made from cracked wheat, which was considered the most precious grain according to Roman custom, and the common consumption of this sacred food represented the wife's willingness to live and die with her husband.

"It allows both parties to build a close, stable and lasting relationship, and the marriage is unbreakable."

Gaius, on the other hand, believed that the ritual in marriage represented the submission of women to the authority of their husbands.

This pattern of marriage was prevalent mainly among the aristocracy, and was gradually replaced by other forms of marriage in the late republican period.

The second type is the "sale marriage", in which the wedding ceremony is a simulated sale, in which the husband buys his wife for a small sum of money.

Originally only between commoners, marriage was gradually accepted by the aristocracy because it was too old and complicated to implement, and the marriage had the same legal effect.

With the abolition of the ban on intermarriage between nobles and commoners, "marriage for sale" became the most dominant form of marriage in Rome in the early and middle republican periods.

According to later Western claims, this kind of marriage is a serious violation of human rights and is absolutely undesirable.

Of course, judging from the behavior of the double standard in the West, it is a miracle that this marriage custom has not been continued.

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