Henry VI was also unwise, and he embroiled himself in private disputes between nobles, further exacerbating the polarization of the kingdom.

The situation worsened in 1445 when Henry decided to marry Marguerite of Anjou, niece of Charles VII of France.

Some nobles saw it as a capitulation to the French, and Margaret's apparent influence on the pliable and very belligerent king was another point of contention.

It seemed that Henry's unpopularity would not decline any longer, and he chose the most popular courtiers, especially the unpopular Willem de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, to make more enemies for the king.

Even civilians were unhappy, as in the rebellion led by Jack Cayde in 1450 protesting against high taxes, corrupt courts, and a lack of justice at the local level.

Commoners may not have had any direct influence on the government, but this discord may have given the aristocracy who were eager to overthrow the regime another excuse than just to expand their own interests.

As a result of all these pressures, coupled with the mental problems of his maternal grandfather, Charles VI of France, it is perhaps not surprising that Henry had a nervous breakdown in 1453.

The trigger for this war may have been the eventual defeat of Britain to France, the loss of all British territory except Calais.

Henry was so sick that he couldn't move, couldn't speak, and couldn't recognize anyone.

In this case, the kingdom needed a regent, so the problems of the country began to increase dramatically, and England was divided into two warring blocs.

With the abdication of the King of England, the wealth and power of the English nobility increased.

Historians have noticed a phenomenon that they call "bastard feudalism".

Part of this process was to weaken the king's grip on land, wealth, and political power at the local level.

Large landowners ruled their regions like kings and were able to build up their own armies of personal attendants, loyal only to them.

Eventually, some of these nobles became ambitious, remembering the success of Henry Bolingbrook and even believing themselves worthy of the role of king of England.

With a little royal blood in their veins, a baron can convince others to follow him, especially those who are not favored by the current king.

These powerful political actors have been called "overly powerful" by some historians because of their ability to overthrow legitimate monarchs.

Moreover, now that the war in France is over, these "overpowered" men can use all their armed retinue and wealth to achieve their own ambitions at home.

The most powerful aristocracy of this period was Richard, Duke of York.

Richard has two advantages:

First, he was the great-grandson of Edward III of England and the nephew of the Earl of March, who himself claimed that he was the rightful heir of Richard II of England.

Secondly, he is the richest man in Britain.

These two factors, combined with the duke's ambition and military talents, resulted in an extremely dangerous threat to Henry's already uncomfortable throne.

When Henry first went mad, the regent was apparently Richard, who was appointed Guardian of the Realm in 1454.

Curiously, Henry's reign was rated so low that Richard was seen as an advocate of reform.

Perhaps the duke was bent on putting the court in order and the kingdom in order, but in the end, he played his cards and won the grand prize: the throne.

First, Richard sought to be nominated as Henry's official heir (the king had no children at the time).

The Duke has powerful allies, especially the Neville family of Middleham, who are keen to make friends against their personal enemies, the mighty House Percy. However, Richard had two important enemies: Margaret, who hated the Duke of Anru, and Edmund Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, who was also a descendant of Edward III and a nobleman as ambitious as anyone else.

The Earl of Somerset was eventually tackled on the battlefield – he was killed at St Albans on 22 May 1455, the first battle of the Wars of the Roses.

As it turned out, Queen Margaret was a much more difficult opponent to deal with, having taken the throne from her crazy husband and leading the army against the Duke of York.

On 12 October 1459, Richard was defeated at the Battle of Ludford Bridge at Ludlow and was forced to flee to Ireland.

At the same time, the Parliament, the "Devil's Council" of 1459, recognized him as a traitor and stripped his heirs of the right to inheritance.

Upon his return to England, his son Edward defeated Queen Margaret, and in Northampton, the Duke of York persuaded Henry.

He is now in the Tower of London, naming him the official heir to the throne, deciding to ratify the act of the October 24 agreement.

On 30 December 1460, Richard was killed at the Battle of Wakefield by the Queen's royalists.

At Mickgate in York, Richard's head is hung from a spear and a paper crown is worn on his head as a reminder that he is nothing more than a usurper.

However, this was not the end of the Yorks, but the beginning of their greater rise.

Edward IV's younger brother is Richard, Duke of Gloucester, who will be the next central figure in this deadly musical game of power.

Richard fought alongside Edward until he became king, and when Edward died unexpectedly in 1483, possibly suffering a stroke, Richard saw a dramatic opportunity for promotion.

Edward was officially succeeded to the throne by his son, another Edward, but he was only 12 years old.

Once again, the aristocrats were vying for power around the young monarch, the most threatening of whom was his uncle Richard.

The young and uncrowned Edward V of England and his brother Richard were imprisoned in the Tower of London, where they were called "Prince of the Towers".

At the same time, the kingdom is governed by the Guardian of the Realm, none other than Richard, Duke of Gloucester.

The two princes appeared in the Tower of London several times this summer, but then disappeared.

Later Tudor historians and William Shakespeare generally believed that Richard murdered them, and he portrayed Richard's reign as even more bleak than it really was.

It is worth mentioning that the person who benefited the most from the death of Edward V was his uncle, who was crowned Richard III at Westminster Abbey on 6 July 1483.

However, the seizure of the throne through such a terrible crime was only asking for trouble, and even Yorkshire people were shocked, so the War of the Roses took another dramatic turn.

The House of Lancaster, although purged by Edward IV, did not disappear completely, and they are now led by Henry Tudor.

Henry does have royal blood in his veins, descended from the Beaufort family, the illegitimate son of John Gaunt, the son of Edward III.

Although the Beaufort family was granted legal succession in 1407, it was not a royal relationship, but it was the best that the Lancasters could hope for after Henry VI had no surviving heirs.

Despite this, Henry Tudor managed to gather some very useful allies.

In addition to the angry former Yorkist supporters, there were the Woodville family - Elizabeth Woodville was the queen of Edward IV, Duke of Buckingham, and across the English Channel, where Henry went into exile, Charles VIII of France was anxious to shake Britain away from his own territory.

Perhaps the spark that reignited the Wars of the Roses was the death of Richard III's heir in 1484 (another Edward, again).

Henry Tudor had only one man between him and the throne, and this man was very unpopular.

In August 1485, Henry Tudor led a French mercenary army to land at Milford Harbour in South Wales and on 22 August 1485 to face Richard's army at Bosworth Battlefield in Leicestershire.

There, Richard was abandoned by some of his main allies (Sir William Stanley and Sir Henry Percy), and the king was killed during his reckless assault on Henry Tudor himself.

On October 30, 1485, King Henry VII of England was crowned.

Henry still had to contend with a Yorkist revival centered on the impostor Lambert Simnell, but this was quelled at the Battle of Stoke in June 1487.

This was the final act of the Wars of the Roses, although there were some minor revivals of the Yorkists over the next half century.

In addition to the apparent swap of thrones between the Lancaster and York kings, one of the most important consequences of the war in history was the establishment of the Tudor dynasty by Henry VII. In 1486, Henry married Elizabeth of Yorkshire, the daughter of Edward IV, and the two were united.

The king even created a new symbol for this new dynasty: the Tudor rose, which combined the roses of the House of Lancaster and the House of York.

Henry's son succeeded him as Henry VIII of England, and the Tudor dynasty, which ruled until 1603, is regarded as the golden age of England.

The wars did not affect the majority of the common people, as conflicts were usually limited to the nobility, even though some wars and campaigns caused death, destruction, and destruction in the areas where they took place.

In fact, there were 13 separate campaigns in the actual battles that took less than 24 months during the entire period.

Many parts of the country were completely unaffected.

Of course, the war did affect the nobility, and half of England's 60 noble families died in the war.

This is because many skirmishes involve only the nobility, and the old habit of taking hostages for ransom no longer works, as people are willing or unable to pay the ransom and the opponent must be permanently removed from the game.

In addition, although many nobles profited from the war, at the end of the war, the king again firmly controlled his kingdom, with much better regulation of taxes than before, and confiscation of the property of extinct families and political opponents.

For most people, this pre- and post-transfer of wealth is meaningless; At the end of the war, the name of the country may have changed, but the country's elite of 3% still owns 95% of the wealth.

Finally, the wars left an indelible mark on British culture, and their twists and turns and betrayals have inspired historians and writers.

Tudor propagandists were keen to exaggerate the devastation of war and the wickedness of the Yorkists in order to better present themselves and their protector monarch as the savior of the nation.

Now that the historical tone is there, there is a very troublesome question.

Game of Thrones is known as magic, and naturally there are magical elements.

But this thing can be shown through special effects, can be depicted through words, how to use sets and props on the stage to achieve it, this is a very serious problem.

For example, the most important dragons, three-eyed crows, fire magic, and so on.

Of course, the magic element can only be the condiment, and the real audience is addicted to the open and secret competition of each family and the intrigue of some wonderful characters, and the players of different ranks compete to the death.

Cersei, Littlefinger, and others have magic when they say anything.

In addition to the magical element, there is another inseparable point that is the issue of religion.

After all, this is a Western magic, and the so-called history of the West is inseparable from the so-called gods and religions, after all, it involves the issue of faith.

Li Yaoyang put this story on the stage, if it does not involve religion, it will be regarded as a soulless story, and it is difficult to resonate with Westerners, which is contrary to his original intention of making money.

So the issue of religion is inevitable.

Especially later in the story, the worldly strife will eventually give way to the duel of "ice and fire", that is, the discussion of man's ultimate philosophical proposition of death and life.

At this time, the significance of the religious beliefs represented by the various family figures is highlighted, and the contradictions between the family figures are also the contradictions of the gods behind them.

In the world of Game of Thrones, there are three main religions that are not only popular and widespread in the kingdom, but also play a crucial role in the lives of the protagonists.

When their future is no longer certain, especially when some of them turn to cursing God for their own benefit, the battle for power over the Iron Throne looks like a battle of faith.

The Old Gods, one of the Big Three, in the North, beyond the Great Wall.

The Old Gods are a religion based on nature and placed on animals.

There are no priests, temples, or scriptures – not even the gods have their own names.

Rather, they are seen as part of the earth, manifested in trees, stones, water, and animals.

For example, after listening to the rumors, Osa and Bran summoned the Old Gods, claiming that they were talking to Bran at the time.

There are no definite laws for this religion, but followers should be good people.

Certain acts are considered offensive to the gods, and the rules of hospitality are almost sacred. (Wade Frey apparently did not comply)

The Old Gods were the first major religion in Westeros, worshipped by the Children of the Forest, the continent's non-human natives.

The First People, the first inhabitants of humanity, also converted to this religion after arriving in Westeros from Essos.

The Children of the Forest would depict human faces on the fishbeams, presumably to help the Green Prophet communicate with the Old Gods. The Green Prophet is the closest concept to a religious figure among them, as the Green Prophet has a green vision, including foreshadowing dreams and wolf spirits.

Bran and Jojian Reed have already demonstrated some of these abilities.

After the Andorrans invaded and forced the people of Westeros to convert to the Church of the Seven, the worship of the Old Gods had largely subsided.

However, this religion was not banned and is still recognized by the rulers of Westeros.

It is now worshipped by the Northlanders, such as the most famous Starks, as well as the Wildlings beyond the Wall, the remnants of the Children of the Forest.