I'm sure you've all heard of buoyancy, but what about surface tension? Of course, today's topic is buoyancy, not surface tension.

Does buoyancy only exist on the surface of water? I did a scooping experiment. It is to pour out a portion of the water in one container and put it into another container.

Experiments have shown that the water in both containers is buoyant. If you say that the surface of the water can be created, then the buoyancy can also be created accordingly.

But where does the buoyancy that is created come from? Let me put it another way: since buoyancy can be created, does it mean that there is buoyancy in each horizontal plane?

I think so. Why the water plane? Because if it is not a plane, there will be gravitational potential energy.

In this case, even if there is buoyancy, it will be affected by the gravitational potential energy. We know that the surface of the water is horizontal when it is completely at rest, so the surface in the body of water where there is buoyancy should be the horizontal plane.

How buoyant is it on the water? In fact, it is the partial superposition of each horizontal plane. Let me explain the part.

Buoyancy inevitably overcomes gravity when it goes up, so there is a loss. In general, the closer to the surface of the water the water level is, the greater the buoyancy.

Since the number of horizontal planes is uncountable, this is where the integral comes in. I won't talk about the specific formula.

Speaking of which, it is necessary to talk about the maximum buoyancy and the surface buoyancy, the former is greater than the latter. The maximum buoyancy is the integral of the buoyancy of all the horizontal planes of the water body, and it is fixed.

Whereas, surface buoyancy is determined by the surface area of the water surface, which is not fixed. The larger the surface area, the greater the surface buoyancy.

Correspondingly, it is closer to the maximum buoyancy. However, it cannot be equal to the maximum buoyancy. So, can they never be equal?

I think it takes very harsh conditions to do that, and that's obviously not something we can do.

What happens when they are equal, I don't know. However, I have a vague feeling that this is a gateway to a new world.

Mizukawa didn't know how to grasp the time, so he said this. Let me talk about some small patterns. When it comes to buoyancy, it is natural to talk about liquid accumulation.

Part of the scooping experiment is liquid accumulation. We mentioned last time that buoyancy is broken up. Note that this refers to the surface buoyancy and not the buoyancy experienced by the object.

After the surface buoyancy is dispersed, it begins to return to a single unit at the end of the liquid accumulation. The essence of water waves is the embodiment of the surface buoyancy being broken up part by part.

When the liquid accumulation is over, the surface buoyancy is restored without resistance. And the water waves naturally disappeared.

When it comes to buoyancy, it is necessary to lift the boat. Boats are generally made of wood, and the density of wood is less than that of a body of water.

So, the boat can float up. My foreign friend Galileo Galilei said that the ship is because the surface density of its underside is less than the density of the water body.

Why the surface density of the bottom surface? It turns out that the bottom surface is directly affected by the buoyancy given to it by the water body, so its surface density is the real reason why the boat can float.

When he said this, I thought of warships. The underside of the warship is clearly not made of wood, but of metal alloys.

In general, the density of metal alloys is higher than that of water bodies. If so, it would be impossible for the warship to float.

So, what is the reason why warships can float? It turns out that the bottom of the warship is a watertight and hollow structure, which shows that the statement of surface density is not very accurate.

Here I would like to present the concept of average density at the bottom of the bottom. Why not the overall average density?

Again, the buoyancy on the warship is borne by the bottom. If the average density of the bottom is higher than that of the water body, then the warship will quickly sink into the water.

In fact, to put it bluntly, there must be a void at the bottom, and it is obviously not possible to have no void. The same seems to be true for the six sons, but everyone doesn't care.

。 Baidu Encyclopedia says that the magnitude of buoyancy is equal to the gravitational force dislodged by the object. As the overall average density of a ship increases, so does its displacement gravity.

However, once the overall average density is equal to the density of the water body, the buoyancy is zero. However, its drainage gravity is not zero.

If the buoyancy is high, the drainage gravity will be greater. So, when the drainage gravity is not zero, how can the buoyancy be zero?

Rather, it's the opposite. There is also the fact that buoyancy here refers to the buoyancy experienced by the object, not the surface buoyancy of the water body.

The buoyancy experienced by an object is limited by the surface buoyancy and is also limited by the surface area of the bottom surface of the object.

If the surface of the body of water is in full contact with the bottom surface of the object, then the buoyancy of the object is proportional to its drainage gravity.

In other words, the draught of an object cannot exceed its surface height. Why do you want to add the word "surface"?

Again, the buoyancy of a body of water is reflected through the bottom surface of the object, that is, the outer surface. Margarita didn't make a long speech, but spoke briefly.

Suppose there is an outer surface full of thorns, but it is empty. And its hollow to solid volume ratio is 99:1.

So, how is it buoyant? Let's think about this issue. Well, that's all for today.

Dueñas made his closing remarks.