180104 to Xu Shoushang [1] Ji Shijun's feet: A farewell has passed the New Year, when you sit in the tooth door [2], you will miss the bitterness. According to what I have heard, the Jiangxi Hall [3] is not as good as the other halls, and it is still better than the other halls, so I can comfort my ears. It is said that the word sincerity and love should be instilled, which is very appropriate; The first law is difficult, and there is nothing to repay when I think about it so far. My generation has diagnosed the diseases of my compatriots quite seven or eight, and there are two difficulties in curing them: unknown medicine, one also; Trismu, two also. If the teeth are not opened, they can still coat their gills with vinegar, and they can be destroyed by iron tongs, and the prescription is not the following pen. Therefore, the servant dared to sue Busen, and hoped not to ask Mr. He Lianchen [4]. If you ask about disdain, you think that it is better to be an official first, and then to rectify the first layer, it is better to wait for the weather to be clear, or the official has been stable, and there is spare time. Then I heard that the old shrimp man [5] was tireless in his desires, and he was secretly making trouble, although it was not known whether it was true or not, it was necessary to guard against it. Chen Jun said that he should try to try it as soon as possible, and Yuan Shoushan [6] asked for Ji Xi, and he should also talk about it. "New Youth" [7] could not be widely disseminated, and the bookstore planned to discontinue; Duxiu [8] has negotiated with him, and has agreed to renew the issue, which is scheduled to be published on the fifteenth of this month. Luo Yi [9] has published a lot of old books, such as Ming vessels, seals [10] and the like, all of which have catalogues, but it is a pity that the price is expensive and does not say. Sun's "Mingyuan" [11] was also printed, and Zhongduo Muding [12] was not engraved, which was shocking to watch, and a thin book required one silver dollar. The servant has not bought it so far, and he may be in Shanghai in the future, and the fate can be folded, and now he is not in a hurry. The handout [13] of Qi Meng has been sealed.

There are no rumors about Jun in the Ministry on January 4th. The beast road has been [14] walking in the secretariat, and since the beast road has been encountered, it can be said that it has also been treated. Jihei Second Hall [15], hearing that there has not been a penny so far, is quite difficult. The female official [16] was tired of having no business and did not move at all. Today, when I went to the ministry, I had this public speech at the bottom of my belly, and I only heard the word New Year, and I couldn't tell if I listened to it, and then I didn't study it deeply. Most of the friends are constant. However, Ji Shang [17] fell ill with typhoid fever in early October and has not been able to dispatch so far; His daughter was also sick and recovered; His wife also fell ill and passed away at the end of the year, which can be described as unfortunate. Concord Bo lost seventy or eighty dollars, and when he saw it today, his eyes were sunken, and he said that it was not because of insomnia, but because of a minor illness, and his eyes were sunken for every slight illness. This is an ode to Manfo.

Shuton's first work [18] is accompanied by a pen

Exegesis:

[1] This letter was originally not punctuated.

(2) Yamen is the same as "Yamen". This refers to the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government at that time.

(3) Jiangxi Department refers to the Jiangxi Department of Education. Hui Shoushang served as Director of the Department from September 1917 to January 1921.

(4) He Lianchen (1860-1929) was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Traditional Chinese medicine, former president of Shaoxing Medical Association.

(5) Lao Shrimp Gong is suspected of referring to Xia Zengyou (1865-1924), whose name is Suiqing, a native of Hangxian County (now Yuhang), Zhejiang. Guangxu Jinshi, once participated in the late Qing Dynasty Reform Movement. Later, he served as the director of the Department of Social Education of the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government and the director of the Beijing Normal Library.

(6) Shoushan is Qi Zongyi (1881-1965), the word Shoushan, a native of Gaoyang, Hebei. Studied in Germany. Later, he served as an inspector and inspector of the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government.

[7] New Youth is a comprehensive monthly magazine, an important publication that advocated the New Culture Movement and disseminated Marxism during the May Fourth period. Founded in Shanghai in September 1915 and edited by Chen Duxiu, the first volume was called "Youth Magazine", and the second volume was renamed "New Youth". From January 1918, Li Dazhao and others participated in the editorial work of the journal. It was closed in July 1922. It is published in nine volumes, each with six issues.

[8] Duxiu is Chen Duxiu (1880-1942), whose name is Zhongfu, a native of Huaining, Anhui Province. He is a professor at Peking University, the founder of New Youth magazine, and a major figure in advocating the New Culture Movement during the May Fourth period. After the founding of the Communist Party of China in 1921, he served as the party's leader. In the later stages of the First Civil Revolutionary War, the right-leaning opportunist line was pursued, resulting in the defeat of the revolution. He then became a canceller and, in collusion with the Trotskyists, formed an anti-party organization, from which he was expelled from the party in November 1929.

(9) Luo Zhenyu (1866-1940), the word Shuyun, No. Xuetang, a native of Shangyu, Zhejiang. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he served as a counselor of the school. After the Xinhai Revolution, he regarded himself as a widow and engaged in restoration activities for a long time; After "918", he acted as a traitor in the puppet "Manchukuo".

(10) Ming vessels are spiritual vessels (funerary items). Seal, that is, seal. Luo Zhenyu has compiled the "Catalogue of Ancient Ming Vessels" (four volumes) and the printing spectrum "Ancient Official Seals of the Ningqing Room" and "Collection of Official Seals since the Sui and Tang Dynasties".

[11] Sun refers to Sun Yirang (1848-1908), a native of Ruian, Zhejiang, a scholar and philologist in the late Qing Dynasty. The Nahara, two volumes, is a book on the origin and evolution of writing.

[12] Wooden dings are wooden nails. After the wooden board book is engraved, if a typo is found, it will be hollowed out and re-engraved with wooden nails. If it is not re-engraved, it will leave a black spot after printing.

[13] The lecture notes of Qi Meng refer to the lecture notes of "History of European Literature" compiled by Zhou Zuoren when he was teaching at Peking University at that time.

(14) The beast road is suspected to refer to Ling Nianjing, the word Weiqing, a native of Yibin, Sichuan. On December 7, 1917, the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government ordered him to "transfer to the ministry and appoint him to work in the Secretariat".

(15) Jihei Second Department refers to the education departments of Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces.

[16] Fu Zengxiang (1872-1949), a native of Jiang'an, Sichuan, and a bibliophile. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he was the editor of the Hanlin Academy and the prime minister of the Beijing Normal School for Women. After the Xinhai Revolution, he served as a member of the parliament, and from December 1917 to May 1919, he served as the chief of education of the Beiyang government. According to legend, there was a female champion Fu Shanxiang in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom as the head of the female officials of the Dongwang (Yang Xiuqing) Mansion, because the name is similar to Fu Zengxiang's pronunciation, so here the "female official" refers to Fu Zengxiang.

[17] Ji Shang is Xu Dan (1892--c. 1950), the word Ji Shang, a native of Hangzhou, Zhejiang. He used to be the director, inspector and editor of the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government, and a lecturer at Peking University.

[18] As a person who refers to Zhou.

180310 To Xu Shoushang [1] Ji Shijun's foot: A few days ago, I am hereby informed. The Compilation of Documents[2] Third, there is no book of the book, nor is there any sign of printing. The people you are looking for, the conditions are very difficult, how can you get it, you are good at public affairs, and you have a clear mind? Therefore, there is no way to repay the fate. If you want to get nonsense, then it is all here, and you can dedicate it at any time. Ziying's correspondence office was transferred by Dalu Juncheng and Chen Jun, and Chen Jun was fine. The required bibliography is written by Meng in three kinds of paper, but its price may have increased slightly due to the war. The third type is deeper, and today's students, who are worried about not being able to read, can be relieved. The second issue of "New Youth" has been released, don't send it. This year, the Qunyi Society has seen a lot of money, and it is not worth it, so there is no need to look back at the value. A few days ago, I saw a speech in the "Times"[3], which was very much in favor, but today's compatriots may not be able to understand it. The books published by the servants are all very harmful to the young people, and their heinous thoughts are terrifying. A group of faint insects in Shanghai are also big troublemakers, and as for taking pictures of Xu Banhou's soul, it is like a snuffbox. (4) Personnel are not cultivated, the crowd tends to ghosts, and the so-called country will perish and obey God's orders! Recently, although the Ministry of Finance has not been able to meet the schedule, it is not too late, but the paper coupons have plummeted, and the people's hearts are restless, and the difficulties are unspeakable. Uncle [5] is vast, and he has passed away after decades of free movement, and his servants envy his blessings. As for the aftermath, there is no way to deal with it. Not only do you have to make food, but you don't have time to clean up the entanglements, if you have a dispute, you will sacrifice the old house and give it to your dependents. Dedicated to Manford.

The servants of Zhou Shuren paused on March 10

Exegesis:

[1] This letter was originally not punctuated.

(2) "Compilation of Documents" refers to the "Compilation of Documents of the Ministry of Education" compiled and printed by the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government at that time.

[3] "The Times" refers to the Shanghai "Times", which was founded in April 1904 and ceased publication in September 1939. Xu's "speech" mentioned here was published in the same newspaper on February 23 and 24, 1918, under the title "The Second Speech of the Director of the Jiangxi Education Department at the Tea Party."

[4] In October 1917, Yu Fu, Lu Feikui and others set up a Shengde altar in Shanghai to support the puppets and organize the "Spiritual Society", and in January of the following year, they founded the "Spiritual Magazine" to propagate superstition and oppose science. On March 1 of the same year, Shanghai's "Times" published a report that Xu Banhou had been "summoned back to the interior" and that he could "take spiritual photos", and on the third day, Xu's so-called "photography of the soul" was published. Xu Banhou, named Dingchao, is a native of Wenzhou, Zhejiang. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he served in the Ministry of Education after the Xinhai Revolution. Killed in the robbery of the ship.

[5] Uncle refers to Zhou Fengsheng (1882-1918), also known as Bosheng. After graduating from the Jiangnan Naval Academy in 1904, he served in the Navy and served as a captain.

180529 to Xu Shoushang [1] Ji Shijun's foot: Qingmeng book, only to learn, then go to the clerical department to check the case file, there is Shanghai Higher Industrial School Department Nanyang Business School renamed, Jiangnan Industrial School, and Nanyang Higher Industrial School is none. I also checked the roster of the two schools in Jiangnan in Shanghai, and I didn't see the name of Wei Gong. This case file was handed over from the previous Qing Dynasty, and it is unknown whether there was any omission. In short, this principle is not found in the existing scriptures, and it is difficult to distinguish the truth from the truth without looking at its diploma. However, even if Ling Ling is really the best graduate of Nanyang Higher Industrial School, and the number of years of withdrawal is 100 years, it is not enough. There are many recent things in the ministry and strange, strange and strange, but there is no enough to describe, and it is difficult to describe, that is, the exhaustive description is meaningless, such as people are stung by lice, although it is also a thing, it is also extremely uncomfortable, but there is no way to describe it, the so-called "now the world should really be killed by Yangdong stone [2]" The aphorism has exerted its essence, and my generation can no longer be more redundant. The fifth issue of "New Youth" will be published soon, and there are a few clumsy works in it[3]. The magazine did not sell well, and today's young people are more stubborn than my generation, which is really impossible. This is a tribute to Manford.

The servant tree man was on the twenty-ninth day of the eighth [fiveth] month

Exegesis:

[1] This letter was originally not punctuated.

[2] In the Yangdong Stone Killing Letter, it is also called "Niangdong Stone Killing", and Shaoxing's scolding words mean the same as "fucking".

[3] The clumsy work refers to the novel "Diary of a Madman" and the new poems "Dream", "God of Love" and "Peach Blossom".

180619 to Xu Shoushang [1] Ji Shijun's foot: A few days ago, I learned from Mr. Mingbo that his wife had passed away, and he was very surprised. My friends were amazed when they heard it. The husband's day mourning and relieving thoughts are as good as fate, and the servant still thinks that it is just an accidental meeting, and the condolences are all superficial words, so they don't want to hear each other with their words. The degree is in Mingda, when the early knowledge of life and death is separated, it is not easy to understand people's words. But the manager and his son, the first thing is important, I don't know how to do it well? The fifth issue of "New Youth" and the lecture notes of Qimeng were sent the day before yesterday. The heat is still cherished.

The servant tree was stunned on June 19

Exegesis:

[1] This letter was originally not punctuated.

180705 to Qian Xuantong [1] Brother Xuantong: The letter has been received. You said earlier that you would do a handout in July, so "New Youth" was edited by someone else, and next year you will edit two issues in a row, why do you want to edit it again now? Qi Meng said that he wanted to translate a novel[2], but the length was very short, but he has not yet sent it. As soon as I arrived at home[3], domestic and foreign affairs, and all kinds of general affairs, it always took a few days to finish, and there was no news, and it was not surprising, and I thought that within twenty days, I could always translate it. As for the article [4] of our people, I am afraid that it is a little unreliable, because we have always had a lot of things to do in our mouths, but we have never tried to do it, and by analogy, it is inevitable that the point of not doing it is more than 60 points. Although the quintessence of China is equivalent to farting, and a group of bad species want to be published in a series [5], it is not surprising. The bad species, etc., but they still want to eat people, and they actually make sacrificial wine to the detective dragon who has sold human flesh,[6] and it is very conscious. That is, this layer is enough to impress us, and it is still secondary. When I was in the Yuan Dynasty, I once wore a crown hat and made anonymous quotations, and dedicated myself to the old lady of the holy master [7], and I have a lot of experience, no matter how retro, how the quintessence of the country, I am no longer afraid. However, the founding journal of the bad species, which was published exclusively for the "New Youth", was slightly different, and at first I did not expect the "New Youth" to be so sad for them. However, if it is published, listen to it, and look at it, see how it is the law of the country, how it is pure, how it faints, how it farts, how it dreams, how it explores the dragon, and it is also a great pleasure. Long live the quintessence of the country! Long live the old faint worm!! Mosquitoes bite me, so I won't write about it.

Lu Xun, July 5

Exegesis:

[1] The comma in the original letter is a ton.

Qian Xuantong (1887-1939), known as Xia, was later renamed Xuantong, a native of Wuxing, Zhejiang, and a linguist. When he was studying in Japan, he studied philology with Lu Xun and Zhang Taiyan. Later, he served as a professor at Peking University and Beijing Normal University. During the "May Fourth" period, he participated in the New Culture Movement and was one of the editorial board members of "New Youth".

[2] The "novel" mentioned here is suspected to refer to Strindberg, Sweden (A.St

i

d-be

g, 1849-1912), translated by Zhou Zuoren, was later published in New Youth, Vol. 5, No. 2 (August 1918).

[3] Zhou Zuoren returned to Shaoxing from Beijing to visit relatives from June 20 to September 10, 1918.

[4] It refers to "My Festival of Spirits", which was later included in "Tomb".

[5] A group of editors of the series of bad journals suspected that Liu Shipei and others planned to resume the publication of the "Journal of the Quintessence of the Nation" and the "Collection of the Quintessence of the Nation" at that time. In March 1919, they founded a monthly magazine, The History of the Nation, advocating "the inherent scholarship of Changming China" to oppose the New Culture Movement.

[6] "The detective detective dragon who has sold human flesh is made as sacrificial wine", which means that Liu Shipei was introduced as the leader. Liu Shipei (1884-1919), also known as Guanghan, was a native of Yizheng, Jiangsu, and a modern scholar. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he participated in the activities of the League. In 1909, he was bribed by Duanfang, the governor of Liangjiang in the Qing Dynasty, betrayed the revolutionaries, and after the Xinhai Revolution, he took refuge in Yuan Shikai, and organized a preparatory meeting with Yang Du and Sun Yuyun to serve Yuan Shikai as emperor. In his early years, he studied the literature of the Six Dynasties, and because Liu Xian, a literary theorist of Liang literature and art in the Southern Dynasty, wrote the book "Wenxin Carving the Dragon", so Lu Xun used the term "detective to detect the dragon" (secretly taking the word "detective") to refer to Liu Shipei. Sacrificial wine, originally the host of the ancient sacrificial ceremony, after the Han Dynasty, it was the name of the scholar.

[7] The Yuan Dynasty refers to the reign of Yuan Shikai (1912-1916). After Yuan Shikai stole the presidency, he conspired to restore the imperial system, and for this reason, he vigorously engaged in the activities of honoring Confucius and sacrificing Confucius. At that time, Lu Xun was in the Ministry of Education and served as a "deacon" with him.

180820 To Xu Shoushang [1] Ji Shijun's foot: early Mengshu, death will not be restored. I remember that I consulted the "Latest Laws and Regulations" [2] in the Ministry in the previous letter, and asked Lei Chuan at that time, [3] but there was no cloud. The previous answer has not been reached, and now it is specially presented. The wife has passed away, and the son is good for remembering, and now he has to make his relatives go to Jiangxi, and there are teachers again, so he can worry a little. There is a saying: "A woman is weak, but a mother is strong." The servant turned around and said: "The son is weak, but the mother is strong." "This meaning has been silent for a long time, and Zhijun can understand this meaning, so he dares to say it. "Diary of a Madman" is really a clumsy work, and there are vernacular poems signed "Tang Qian", which are also done by servants. It was said before that China's roots are all in Taoism, and this theory has been widely practiced recently. Reading history in this way, there are many problems that can be easily solved. Later, when I read the Tongjian [4], I realized that the Chinese are still a cannibal people, so this article was written. This kind of insight is also very relevant, and there are still very few people who know it. Jingshi Library Branch Library [5] and other regulations, Zhu Xiaoquan [6] wanted to send it early. However, this is not a mediocre person Qian Daosun, what is the basis for Wang Pimo [7] to do. The popular library[8] is particularly ridiculous, almost inaccessible. The servant thinks that he has the power in his hand, and he should do whatever he wants, so why should he refer to the foolish sayings? The Educational Museum[9] and so on have not been investigated, and there will be no comment. However, in the popular library, they disdainfully think that novels should be chosen; As for scientific books, it is better to have them published by the Literature Society[10], and they can be purchased, but the world has neglected to open them by their churches. Qin Xiaofang's [11] resignation, when he heard that he was beaten by a principal, was intended to exclude people from other provinces and replace them with people from other provinces. However, the purpose is only half of it, so Qin goes and X [12] to, which can be said to go to the tiger and enter the dog. The atmosphere in the ministry is declining day by day, and there are very few people who have a slight human form. Ruofu news, then there is エべ [13] of the strong general Niu Xianzhou [14] to marry a wife here, not a few ex-wives heard the news, but lured the afterwife to Fengtian, sold a btheorel, has been sued, now the party is in prison, but the judgment has not yet been made. Doing so can be described as a wonder in the world, reaching the extreme of the beast road, and it is actually out of the Ministry of Education, rather than lucky! There is no good situation in the country, and the servant's thinking is quite changeable, and he is not pessimistic. The concept of building a country is also similar to the stupidity of provincial borders. If we focus on human beings, then if China improves, it will be a test of human progress (so that the country can still be improved); If it perishes, it is also the test of human progress, because the people of this country cannot survive, and it is precisely because of the progress of mankind. In the future, humanitarianism will eventually triumph, and although China does not improve, it wants to be a slave, and others do not want to use slaves; Although he is thirsty and wants to say goodbye, he is not allowed to patronize, and he can die of wabi. If it is several generations, the addiction of kowtowing will gradually fade, and it will inevitably lead to progress. This servant is also happy. This cloth is the Ode to Manfo.

The servants of the tree paused on the twentieth day of August

Exegesis:

[1] This letter was originally not punctuated.

(2) "Compilation of Latest Laws and Regulations" refers to the "Compilation of Education Regulations" compiled and printed by the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government.

(3) Lei Chuan, Wu Zhenchun, the word Lei Chuan, is a native of Yuhang, Zhejiang. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he was the secretary and chief of the clerical section of the General Affairs Department of the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government.

[4] "Tongjian", that is, "Zizhi Tongjian", chronicle general history, written by Sima Guang and others in the Song Dynasty, 294 volumes, and 30 volumes of different exams and catalogs.

(5) The Jingshi Library Branch was located in Qianqingchang, Xuanwumenwai, Beijing, and opened in June 1913.

(6) Zhu Xiaoquan (?) --1924) was a native of Hengyang, Hunan. At that time, he was the director of the Department of Social Education of the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government and the director of the Jingshi Popular Library.

(7) Qian Daosun (1887-1962) was a native of Wuxing, Zhejiang. He has studied in Japan and Italy, and has successively served as the director of the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government, the inspector, the secretary and the director of the Jingshi Library Branch. During the Anti-Japanese War, he degenerated into a traitor. Wang Pimo, whose name is Zhongyou, is a native of Tongxian County, Hebei Province (now Beijing). He used to be the director of the Department of Social Education of the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government, the director of the Beijing Normal Popular Library, and the director of the Central Park Book Reading Center.

[8] The popular library, also known as the Jingshi Popular Library, was located in Xuanwumen, Beijing, and opened in October 1913.

(9) The Education Museum was established in Jiangxi during his tenure as director of the Jiangxi Education Department, and was opened in September 1918.

[10] The Literature Society, a church publishing institution, was founded in Shanghai in 1887 by Anglo-American Christian (Protestant) missionaries in the thirteenth year of Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty. Compiled and published books on history, geography, physics and chemistry, ethics, religion, etc., most of which were used by schools at that time.

(11) Qin Xiaofang's name is Shoukun, the word Xiaofang, a native of Puqi, Hubei. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, he served as secretary and counselor of the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government. In September 1917, he was appointed director of the Henan Education Department, and in April 1918, he was transferred to the Shaanxi Education Department.

[12] X refers to Wu Dingchang, the word Aichen, a native of Qingyuan, Hebei. In April 1918, he succeeded Qin Shoukun and served as the director of the Henan Education Department.

[13] エべ Japanese: Eve. Old Testament. The first woman God created in the Book of Genesis. This is suspected to refer to Xia Zengyou.

(14) Niu Xian Zhou Zi Zhengfu, a native of Yishui, Shandong. In June 1917, he was appointed as the secretary of the General Education Department of the Ministry of Education of the Beiyang Government and the head of the second section, and later transferred to the fourth section. He was dismissed from office in August 1918.