If the strength of the tie rod is not enough, it will not be able to withstand the torque and deform during broaching.

Because the diameter of the pipe is divided into four points, the diameter of the tie rod cannot exceed four points, and there are only two ways to make the tie rod not deformed without increasing the diameter.

One is to improve the rigidity of the tie rod through quenching.

Another is to reduce the amount of broaching per blowing.

However, if you reduce the amount of cutting per broaching, the number of broaches will be very scary.

In this way, four-point broaching is more time-consuming and labor-intensive than single-point broaching.

Chongzhen is now using the method of quenching, so as to improve the rigidity of the tie rod.

"Back to my father, the rigidity is enough after the tie rod is quenched, but the toughness is insufficient." Zhu Cijiong said with some shame, "It broke after a few strokes, and we need to continue to improve the quenching process." ”

"Is resilience insufficient?" Chongzhen frowned.

It seems that materials science really does not fall overnight, it can only be an infinite number of attempts.

"In this way, while continuing to improve the quenching process of the tie rod, we should first use a single-point broaching support, and the rigidity of the tie rod is always enough for single-point broaching, right?"

"A single point broaching is sufficient."

"Let's start with single-point broaching."

Chongzhen knows that the exploration of the quenching process is a long process.

Then this time should not be wasted, and it is possible to use single-point broaching for the time being, and try to process the first rifled rifles before the end of April.

"Son's command."

Zhu Cijiong received the will and returned to the arsenal.

Zhu Cihong didn't go over together this time.

Because tonight, Zhu Cihong wanted to feast on behalf of Chongzhen to the representatives of the chambers of commerce of various provinces, and at the same time set rules for the chambers of commerce to avoid incidents like the hoarding of grain merchants again.

Let Zhu Cihong attend this banquet is also to train him.

The relationship between Chongzhen and Zhu Cihong is somewhat similar to that between Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao's father and son.

Zhu Yuanzhang is not worried that the crown prince Zhu Biao will rebel at all, if Zhu Biao really raises troops to rebel, Zhu Yuanzhang may still be relieved, and then transfer some troops to Zhu Biao.

Chongzhen was even less worried that Zhu Cihong would rebel.

Because Zhu Cihong has neither the ability nor the confidence to rebel, let alone the will to rebel.

Taking advantage of the fact that there was still an hour before dinner, Chongzhen took thirty-six Western scholars such as Pascal and Boyle to Qingliangfang for a spin and demonstrated the steam engine to them.

When you see a steam engine that can be set on fire,

Pascal, Boyle and others were amazed.

Circling around the steam engine, I can't wait to take it apart and study it.

This was actually deliberately arranged by Chongzhen, because he was worried that Pascal, Boyle and others would not be able to keep him.

At present, Pascal and others are newcomers and don't know much about the Ming Dynasty, especially because of the existence of him, an emperor who respects science, so they are full of beautiful fantasies about the Ming Dynasty.

But as time goes by, and the novelty wears off, they will find that the academic atmosphere in Daming is very poor.

Because since ancient times, China has only emphasized empirical and practical, and the research on basic theory is a blank, and by the Ming Dynasty, the research on basic theory has lagged far behind the West.

The only exception is medicine, which still forms a systems theory.

But mathematics, physics, chemistry, and astronomy are only scattered and fragmented.

Therefore, it is difficult for Pascal and Boyle to find people or institutions to study academically, and if they have to compete, they have to wait until the Ming Dynasty students they teach grow up and reach a level similar to theirs.

It's sure to be a long process, and Chongzhen is worried that Pascal won't be able to afford to wait.

In view of this, Chongzhen took Pascal and them to see the steam engine, in order to tell them that the Ming Dynasty was not without science and technology that was ahead of the West.

Pascal and others were really interested in the steam engine.

After a few circles around the steam engine, Pascal finally couldn't hold back and asked Chongzhen, "Your Majesty the Emperor, can we disassemble this machine for research?" ”

"Of course." Chongzhen said happily, "But it's too late today." ”

"Thank you, Your Majesty, you are so generous." Pascal was overjoyed to receive an affirmative answer, and then went on to ask, "But why is it too late today?" ”

Chongzhen smiled: "Because it's dinner time soon." ”

"Oh no, we don't want to have dinner." Boyle shook his head repeatedly, "We want to take apart this amazing machine now and see how it is constructed." ”

"Yes, dinner is available at any time."

More than 30 other Western scholars also chimed in.

At this point, Chongzhen also had a preliminary understanding of these thirty-six scholars, which were a group of fanatical scholars.

But then again, if it weren't for their fanatical love for science, they wouldn't have listened to Bu Mige's fools and traveled thousands of miles to Daming.

"It's okay, then postpone the reception banquet."

Chongzhen was as good as a stream, and immediately ordered the craftsman to disassemble the steam engine.

Taking advantage of the opportunity of the craftsman to disassemble the steam engine, Chongzhen asked Pasb through a Latin translation: "Blythe, are you a student of Galileo?" ”

"Does His Majesty the Emperor also know about Galileo?"

"Of course, this is a true master of science."

"Yes, he is also a respectable elder, with whom I have had the privilege of having many academic exchanges, but unfortunately not his students, but Viviani and Torricelli are both his students."

"Really? Did Viviani and Torricelli also come to Daming? ”

"No, Father Bumig also invited both of them, but they both refused, but if His Majesty the Emperor really needs them, I can write a letter to the two of them."

"I believe that they will definitely leave for Daming after receiving my letter."

"That's great, then please write a letter to the two of them."

"Of course, it is an honor to serve Your Majesty the Emperor, but I may venture to ask, why does His Majesty the Emperor have such a high regard for Master Galileo's disciples?"

"That's right, I heard that Galileo invented many scientific instruments, including astronomical telescopes, thermometers, and barometers, all of which were urgently needed by the Ming Dynasty."

Astronomical telescopes are not the most urgently needed, but thermometers and barometers are.

Because if you want to make an industrial steam meter, you can't do without a thermometer and a barometer, if you don't have a reliable instrument to measure the pressure, it is easy to burst the cylinder or even explode.

Pascal smiled and said, "If it's just an astronomical telescope, a thermometer, and a barometer, I can actually make it for Your Majesty the Emperor, of course, it takes a group of skilled craftsmen." ”

"There is no problem with craftsmen, and the most important thing in Daming is craftsmen."

Chongzhen was overjoyed, and asked while the iron was hot: "Then can you build a microscope?" ”

"Microscope? Of course, there is no problem. "As long as you have high-quality glass and experienced craftsmen, you can make a microscope without a problem, after all, the principle of a microscope is not that complicated." ”

"Great." Chongzhen immediately clapped his head and said, "Pascal, the main work of the next two main things is to compile a set of physics and mathematics textbooks for Guozijian according to the textbooks of various European universities, and then appropriately reduce the difficulty and compile a set of physics and mathematics textbooks with a slightly lower difficulty suitable for children to learn. ”

"Of course, as the dean of the School of Physics and the School of Mathematics, this is an unshirkable responsibility."

Pascal agreed, and then asked, "Is the other job to make astronomical telescopes, microscopes, thermometers, and barometers?" That's no problem, it's easy to do. ”

After arranging Pascal's work, Chongzhen found Boyle again.

"Your Majesty the Emperor, is there anything I can do for you?"

In the face of Chongzhen, Boyle seemed a little flattered, mainly because of his weak heart.

The thirty-six young people who came to Daming this time were the worst in their families.

"Boyle, have you ever heard of mercury thunderate?" As soon as Chongzhen came up, he went straight to the point, he only knew that the ingredient of the primer was mercury thunderate, but when mercury thunderate was invented, he didn't know who invented it.

Even if you read it inadvertently in your previous life, it is impossible to memorize it repeatedly as a knowledge point.

After all, who would have thought of such a thing as a crossing? Otherwise, you have to memorize the encyclopedia from scratch.

"Mercury thunderate?" Boyle looked at Chongzhen with a confused expression, and then wondered if the translator had not translated correctly.

At that moment, Boyle grasped the Latin translation for a long time, but in the end he still failed to get the desired result.

Boyle's heart suddenly panicked, and his heart said that this is over, I have never heard of mercury thunderate at all, but now it is exposed, what should I do? Do you want to lie?

Chongzhen's face fell, and it seemed that Boyle didn't know about mercury thunderate.

Seeing Chongzhen's face turn cold, Boyle's head also drooped, it seems that the title of dean of the School of Chemistry will definitely not be kept, at most he will be a professor.

Chongzhen then asked: "So, what about Lei Acid?" ”

"Your Majesty the Emperor, it's a pity, I really don't know what Lei Acid is?"

After listening to the translation, Boyle almost cried, and now the professor's position can't be kept, at most he can only be a lecturer, well, as long as he can have a salary, the lecturer can also accept it.

Chongzhen sighed, he didn't know about mercury thunderate, it seemed that there was no hope for the metal cartridge shell.

However, the metal cartridge case is not in a hurry in advance, and it is better to get the nitrocellulose that is, smokeless gunpowder first, and it is also a huge leap from black powder to smokeless gunpowder.

When there is smokeless gunpowder, which is also a firearm, the guns and cannons of the Ming Dynasty will be able to obtain more kinetic energy in a smaller caliber, and the range and lethality will be greatly increased.

It can also form a crushing dimensionality reduction strike.

At that moment, Chongzhen asked again: "Then you have always heard of nitric acid, right?" ”

"Of course, nitric acid I know." After listening to the interpreter's words and gestures, Boyle's spirit suddenly perked up.

(End of chapter)