Countless vague and slender tendrils of light spread over the waves of space like foam of seawater, and these tendrils of light are unformed galaxies. Drifting in the dark night of the great universe; The vast nebula swayed in the dim light in the sweltering primordial universe like a sycamore bush in the darkness of a summer night.

Gravity is like a gust of wind, rolling these sparse flowers and leaves together, and the nebula begins to collapse. The dust and gases that were quietly suspended in space began to gather together............ Gravity caused them to begin to draw into each other, and the ashes that had been burned in the sacred flames coalesced into a clump.

As the collapse continues, these gases and dust fall to the bottom of the gravitational well. As the center grows more and more gas and dust, it gets hotter and hotter, and after millions of years of aggregation, protostars are born.

But they're not really stars yet, and they can't do nuclear fusion yet. So the stars are still absorbing the embers of the Big Bang to grow themselves, and this process of slowly gathering is called accretion. In this process, when gravity pulls the gas closer to the center of the protostar, the gas is heated and emits a red or yellow glow.

The primordial universe once fell into the infinite darkness after a moment of light, and the original star became the first ray of light in the boundless darkness, becoming a firefly that flew in the darkness and spread a faint light.

This light is not bright at first, but as the protostar inhales more and more material and becomes denser, the heat will slowly be trapped inside the star, and the protostar will heat up faster and faster, and the angular momentum will also make the protostar start to autobiography.

Until a critical temperature (about 10 million degrees Celsius) is reached, and at the very moment of reaching the critical temperature, the inner core of the protostar begins to glow brightly, and the star is born.

As the interior of the star is ignited and nuclear fusion reactions begin, hydrogen also accompanies the activities inside the star to carry out a series of nuclear reactions. The order of change is roughly divided into hydrogen element - helium element - carbon element - oxygen element - neon element - magnesium element - silicon element - iron element.

The newborn stellar wind is the baby's first cry, and this cry blows away the chaotic gases that surround the star, allowing the star to shelter in its own Oort cloud.

The cry also disturbed the remaining clouds and stones, which collided with each other to form larger stones, which in turn formed life-like planets orbiting stars.

The universe in the beginning was sultry, and the stars that were born in the beginning were like flowers in the summer night, blooming one after another in the darkness. The flowers of this summer night look like patches of pansy flowers.

One petal is brown and dark:

These are protostars that failed to become a star, they are called brown dwarfs, between large gas planets and the smallest stars.

The terrifying storms on these strange planets, the Great Red Spot storm on Jupiter, the Great Black Spot on Neptune are just a gentle breeze for these storms.

Over the long years, the gaseous iron molecules on brown dwarfs will condense into liquid iron clouds and iron rain. As it cools further, a huge storm sweeps through the clouds, and the iron rain pours down in the electric glow of red lightning............

One petal is red and faint:

They are the smallest stars, red dwarfs, and they emit very weak light, less than 5% of the intensity of solar radiation, while the faintest flowers tend to be long-lived, and the nuclear fusion of hydrogen inside red dwarfs is slow, and they have a long lifespan.

At the same time, the pressure and temperature generated inside are not enough to polymerize helium into heavier elements, so it is impossible to expand into a red giant, but to shrink until the hydrogen is exhausted. A red dwarf star can live tens of billions of years, almost as long as the age of the universe.

Planets that are very close to the red dwarf star will also be immobilized by the tidal force, and this phenomenon of "yin and yang faces" will never change. One hemisphere of the planet will always be a hot, dry desert, and the other hemisphere will always be an ocean that is permanently frozen in the night. The only chance to survive is to hide in the areas where night meets day, where it is eternal twilight, where the convection of hot and cold air creates terrifying storms and never-ending torrential rains.

At the same time, red dwarfs are often subject to flare activity. When a red dwarf star flares several times a day, the ultraviolet radiation instantly increases by hundreds to tens of thousands of times. In those few minutes, the star turns from red to blue, and ultraviolet light is so intense that it kills all life on the planet. Ultraviolet radiation and emitted high-energy charged particles blow away the planet's atmosphere, and even the magnetic field can't stop it!

One petal is orange and dull:

They are orange dwarfs, and although orange dwarfs also flare, they are much less intense than red dwarfs, which can give the habitable planets enough time to nurture life. Let life have time to evolve into complex life forms in the most primitive and simple forms. Orange dwarfs have a much longer life than yellow dwarfs, often several times the lifetime of the Sun, leaving life with more margin for error.

One petal is yellow and bright:

They are yellow dwarfs in the fast track to the evolution of life, and their relatively large size has formed a large number of planets, including gas giants that can act as asteroid interceptors for life............ The warm and abundant sunlight sprinkled on the ground provided a steady stream of energy for the evolution of life, making life evolve rapidly. The Sun is a typical yellow dwarf star that gives birth to a heaven-like planet like Earth......

They were able to fuse hydrogen into a heavy element like carbon, and eventually expand into a red giant star to end their lives, leaving a white dwarf, which is the first type of star.

One petal is blue-white and blazing:

These are small mass blue giants, they are too hot and too short-lived to give birth to life, but without them there would be no life or even civilization. Because they are able to fuse hydrogen into iron, and in their own destruction, iron into heavier elements—copper, zinc, bromine, tin, manganese, which are essential for life............

Iron is the core element that sustains life breathing, but it ends the breathing of the star - the fusion of iron no longer produces energy but consumes energy, so the heart of the star that no longer beats can no longer support his huge weight, and in the supernova explosion, the neutron star is born! It has a diameter of about 10 kilometers, but a mass similar to that of the sun, and its density is amazing, reaching up to 100 million tons per cubic centimeter. It's about the size of a small city.

A petal is bright blue and dazzling - a blue giant.

But the gorgeous flowers are also the shortest-lived, and the dark star is the result of the withering of the last petal!