In the 1896 budget of the Italian government, the Ministry of Education was the big winner. Of course, apart from the Ministry of Education, other departments have their own gains.

In any case, in 1896 the Italian budget reached a new high, totalling 1.756 billion lira. Among them, military spending is still the largest category, and the cost of 371 million lira is the largest category of the budget.

Of course, in this first category, the Navy also has a record high, with a very good cost of 179 million lira. Of course, this also includes the allocation for the first year of the five-year shipbuilding plan, and even after deducting it, the navy has 115 million lire.

These costs, the cost of living salaries of naval personnel, will require 47.1 million lire. Then there are the training maintenance costs, for which the Navy spends 34.1 million lire. Then there are the three phases of equipment purchase costs, engineering construction costs and scientific research funds, with a total cost of 33.8 million lire.

Among them, the project construction cost and scientific research funds occupy the lion's share, and the equipment procurement cost is also due to the impact of the shipbuilding plan, mainly the renewal of warship equipment, and the procurement of new warships is directly merged into the five-year shipbuilding plan.

Well, in fact, compared to the navy, which is active in all aspects, the bulk of military spending is still on the army.

However, the army's funds are not too much, but they can still only be regarded as a hand.

First of all, there are more personnel in the army, even if the salary of the army is very low, but it is still a lot of expenses, and the annual living salary of 63.1 million lire of personnel cannot be less than a cent.

In addition to this personnel cost, its training and maintenance costs are also 52.4 million lire. Then there are the three types of equipment purchase costs, engineering construction costs, and scientific research funds.

However, compared with the navy, the army is the absolute largest part of the equipment procurement cost, accounting for as much as 51.2 million of the 76.5 million lire.

Such a high cost of procurement for the army was also necessary, according to the 1895 Italian Army Establishment Plan drawn up by the Chief of the General Staff, Admiral Simeone. Each army division in Italy needed 72 barreled guns of various types. At present, the 24 divisions of the Italian Army need 1,700 artillery pieces, in addition, the army also has six independent heavy artillery regiments, each regiment is equipped with 24-52 large-caliber artillery, which is more than 200 large-caliber artillery.

If you add the fixed artillery of fortresses and levels, then the actual artillery demand of the Italian army is more than 2,400 guns.

So does Italy currently have 2400 artillery pieces?

In fact, there are, and not only are they exceeded.

However, the number of artillery that exceeded the standard in the Italian Army was actually more than the artillery that did not meet the requirements.

At present, it has entered the era of rapid-fire artillery, and the armies of all countries are vying to replace the rapid-fire guns with retreats, as a member of the great powers, the Italian Army is of course not willing to lag behind, and the Italian Army is also replacing artillery.

And this gun is expensive, and it won't be possible to replace it for a while.

Moreover, the Italian Army had other thoughts on it, and this artillery was changed even more slowly.

In recent years, the Italian Army has had frequent exchanges with Germany and Austria, and the scale of confrontation in exercises has also become larger and larger, and there are already confrontations at the military level.

The Italian Army, on the other hand, benefited a lot from the confrontation and corrected many of the problems found. However, there is one problem that requires a lot of trouble, and that is the problem of artillery.

In many exercises, the small and medium-sized artillery of the Italian Army was completely crushed by the large-caliber artillery of the German army.

In terms of power and range, most of the artillery equipped by the Italian army is slightly inferior.

Indeed, at present, the first level of artillery of the Italian army division is mainly 76 mm mountain artillery, and a small number of 80 mm and 57 mm guns. At the division level of the German army, 77-mm field guns and 105-mm howitzers were used, and at the division level, the quality of Italian artillery was completely defeated. As for the army level, Italy has a bigger gap, and the 105mm howitzer and 120mm cannon are as difficult as the 150mm and 120mm guns of the German army.

Considering that the main hypothetical enemy of the German army was the French army, the Italian army, which had the same goal, had to make some kind of change.

The General Staff under the leadership of General Simeone did have this idea in mind, and in view of the fact that the large number of artillery calibers in the army was not conducive to logistical considerations, they first determined the requirement for the unification of artillery calibers. 37 mm, 57 mm, 76 mm, 105 mm, 120 mm, 150 mm, 210 mm, 240 mm, these calibers will serve as a unified standard for the caliber of the Italian army artillery.

As for the artillery of other calibers in the army, in principle, it should be replaced as much as possible, and these replaced artillery pieces can be sold to other countries for use.

Of course, the goal of making a unified caliber is to enhance the combat effectiveness of the army, so in General Simeone's plan, the army needs to eliminate 57 mm on divisional artillery and increase the need for a battalion of 18 105 mm howitzers. In addition, at the corps level, 105-mm guns could be devolved to divisions, and 150-mm caliber guns could be added.

Of course, in addition to the artillery enhancement, Simeone and his team, considering the current military needs, believed that the Maxim machine gun, a defensive weapon, needed to be equipped more, so it was very reasonable for a battalion of 4 to be armed. In addition, taking into account the pressure on logistics caused by the enhancement of artillery and other technical weapons, the number of logistics personnel and animal-powered vehicles has also been increased to a certain extent.

And this division with increased firepower and logistics personnel is what Simeone recognized as the 1895 division.

However, if all divisions and corps levels in Italy are to be reequipped, the army's military spending is simply not enough.

The family knew about their own affairs, so the General Staff and the War Department planned to use 2-3 armies and their subordinate divisions as a pilot to test the combat effectiveness of the Italian army with such a heavy firepower standard.

Of course, the cost of such a unit will not be too low, after all, the factory cost of a 105-mm rapid-fire howitzer is as high as 150,000 lire, not to mention that the artillery is not cheap, a 105-mm high-explosive shell costs 206 lira, and the army's procurement fee is not much.

In any case, however, it also represents a shift in the Italian Army, which is no longer satisfied with the conservative idea of defending its homeland, and wants to pursue the idea of keeping the enemy out of the country.

Of course, the development of the Italian Army is a good thing.

In addition to the second-ranked education budget and the first-ranked military budget, the Ministry of Transport can rank third. As the main department responsible for the planning and construction of Italian transport, it received a budget of 268 million lira.

Although Italy has developed shipping due to its topography, it is also not forgotten about the construction of roads on land. At present, the Italian Ministry of Transport has repaired the railway to all regions.

But in addition to railways, ordinary roads also need to be repaired and maintained. For example, there are cobblestone roads that connect towns, compacted cinder roads and asphalt roads that connect cities. Of course, this is not enough, and the current expansion of various ports is also among them. At present, the Italian economy is developing very well, so the demand for terminal throughput is relatively high. As a result, many terminals in Italy have been expanded to accommodate increasing cargo throughput.

In addition, the Ministry of Transport needs to pay attention to many things, such as the maintenance of the Libyan iron ore railway, and the maintenance of the Kosovo coal railway, these two heavy freight railways are very important to the Italian steel industry and require more attention from the Ministry of Transport.

The Italian Ministry of Transport had a lot of money, and there were also many other departments, such as the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Trade, etc., and the expenses of these departments formed the composition of the Italian government budget in 1896.

Of course, when the government designs its budget, it needs to refer to the previous year's fiscal revenue, so what was the total Italian fiscal revenue in 1895?