In the spring of 1897, although the aviation craze set off by Siegel and Carney was on the rise, it was a rich man's game. For the poor public, it is more necessary to pay attention to their own lives, and the lofty sport of aviation flight, just look at it.

According to the Italian government, there are now 3.74 million workers in Italy, nearly three times more than the 1.29 million a decade ago. This fully illustrates the development and growth of Italian industry in this decade. However, while the size of the Italian worker is growing, the increase in the wage level of Italian workers is far from satisfactory.

In the textile industry, which currently has the largest number of workers in Italy, for example, a skilled male textile worker is paid 140-160 lira per month, while a female worker is paid 110-130 lira.

As for child labor, the Italian government strictly enforces it because of the promotion of people with hearts; Minors under the age of 16 are not allowed to be recruited, otherwise a fine of 20-1 million lire is imposed (20W lira for one child laborer, up to a maximum of 5 lira), so no factory in Italy dares to use child labor.

In terms of wages, the wages of Italian workers are twice as low as those of British textile workers, and about 75% lower than those of neighboring France. There is no way, Italy is a latecomer industrial country, so it can only use low prices as a weapon to seek a place for its own goods.

Of course, as a factory worker, the pay is definitely lower than in the surrounding countries.

Well, in fact, there is another reason, and that is that there are many unemployed people in Italy, and the workers simply do not dare to ask for too much.

Because Italian agriculture is also being capitalized.

From 1870 onwards, in northern Italy, capitalized large farms gradually became dominant in the northern regions. In these large farms, productive labor was carried out by hired laborers, large-scale irrigation and drainage projects were built, new technologies and chemical fertilizers were introduced, and agricultural production was intensified. As a result, the total agricultural output in the north is now twice as high as it was in 1870.

In central and southern Italy, also from 1880 to 1885, capitalized farms also developed in both places. In the centre, the big farms are already dominant, while in the south they are also accelerating, and it is expected that in five years the big farms in southern Italy will also dominate.

The implementation of capitalized farms has brought great changes to the development of Italian agriculture, and Italian agricultural products have increased by 64% since reunification, most of which is due to the promotion of capitalized farms.

Of course, this also has a side effect, that is, the operation of large farms does not require too many hired laborers, and large farms with more means of production only need half of the hired labor to complete the planting volume, which also leads to a large number of landless farmers pouring into the cities.

The influx of peasants is not a small burden on the cities, and of course it is a huge impact on workers and industry.

The large number of laborers entering the cities has accelerated the industrialization of Italy, and of course, the Italian government's successive opening of vast markets is the most critical factor. Italy's own domestic demand would not have been able to support its own industrialization process.

In fact, Italian industry has not fully absorbed the labor force that has poured into the cities. Here we have to mention the two cisterns prepared by the Italian government for this purpose, Albania and Libya. Although there was a lot of turmoil in the city due to the relocation of all the indigenous people of these two areas, it also freed up the flood ponds for Italy.

The two places have taken in a million people in total, and have solved a lot of problems for Italy. Of course, East Africa and Borneo also absorbed some of it. Therefore, during this period, Italian immigration (non-colonial immigrants) did not increase much, from nearly 100,000 per year, but increased to about 120,000.

Of course, with the addition of colonial immigrants, Italy's annual immigration is about 200,000, which is also not low. To some extent, the colonies also served as a catharsis for the population.

However, at this time, the population of Italian cities has grown considerably. Taking Milan as an example, the population of Milan has grown from 330,000 to 490,000 in ten years, which is a significant increase. Turin has also grown from 250,000 to 330,000 currently.

In addition, as the third largest city in mainland Italy, Rome's population has also grown rapidly, from 300,000 to 460,000. The south is also good, with Palermo growing from 240,000 to 340,000 and Napoli from 410,000 to 490,000.

The growth of urban population is also the result of economic drive.

Of course, the economy drives population growth equally well, the current birth rate in Italy is 31.8 per thousand, the death rate is 19.7 per thousand, and the natural growth rate is 12.1 per thousand, but considering the current annual immigration of about 200,000, then the current annual population growth is not large, is around 200,000.

However, the growth of Italy's native population is actually determined by industrialization. Industry cannot accommodate the surplus population, which naturally leads to the loss of population, but it is difficult for Italy to make it possible for industry to accommodate more people. Because of the market opened up by Italy, the degree of development is about to bottom out.

At present, the overseas market for Italian industrial products is mainly concentrated in the Far East, the colonies of Borneo and the Balkan Peninsula. The standard of living of the people of Western Europe is relatively high, and Italy's price advantage is not easy to use (because of higher tariffs).

Among them, the scale of the Far East market, Italy is about to develop to the extreme, and it is no longer possible to continue to grow substantially. Of course, Italy has the potential to tap into the trade of transit traders, such as raw silk, tung oil, pig bristles and other Far Eastern specialties. However, these do not solve the problem of Italian industrial goods.

At this time, Italian industry needs to be transformed, and Rome understands that the Italian economy has gradually changed from an extensive economic growth model to an intensive economic growth model.

Of course, this is easier said than done. However, for Italy, this must be done, and further the sea and sky will be broadened, so that Italian industrialization can be put on the road to prosperity. Taking a step back, this is falling into a trap that allows the Italian industry to fall into internal friction.

In this regard, people of insight in Italy are also in the eyes.

For example, the famous Italian economist Pareto pointed out that if the pace of Italian industrial development is to be further improved, it is necessary to select important enterprises for support.

This Pareto is the author of the 28 theory. Because he thinks that the important factors are usually in the minority, and the unimportant factors are often in the majority. Therefore, we only need to control the important minority, that is, we can control the whole situation, which is reflected in the quantitative ratio, which is roughly 2:8.

Doesn't it feel familiar, yes, this is the monopoly stage of the capital economy.

The economist is preaching the benefits of monopolies for the Italian economy, and he is right that monopolies are good for the Italian economy, but they are also harmful.

Who can turn a blind eye?