Chapter 356: The Ming Economy, which is short of silver

"Fengtian carries the emperor, and the edict says: Cui Chengxiu, the former secretary of the ministry, took advantage of the provocation and indulgence, added to the loyalty, abused the people, connived at the doorman, and bent the law for bribes......"

"Today, the four divisions have reviewed the facts, and I am in pain, and I can't calm down, and I have given the family and the doorman ......."

"Ran I was relieved, and I remembered his service to the dynasty, and I was specially sent to exile to avoid death, and I was sent to Nanzhou ......"

On the ninth day of the lunar month, under the joint inspection of Jinyiwei, Dali Temple, the Criminal Department, and the Metropolitan Procuratorate, more than 2,700 officials and officials involved in inciting Yanshan officials were arrested and tried.

The final result was not to be executed, but to choose to send more than 2,700 people to their relatives and relatives of the three clans, and distribute all of them to the land of Nanzhou.

I have to say that such a trial is already considered light, and according to the punishment given to them by the four divisions, at least the three clans must be connected.

In such a trial, everyone knows that the emperor is giving Wei Zhongxian face, and the emperor giving face, naturally he can't get around King Qi, so it can be said that the emperor and King Qi jointly looked at the face of Wei Zhongxian's slave and spared the lives of Cui Chengxiu and others.

However, it is not strange that the emperor gave Wei Zhongxian face, but it is a little strange that the king of Qi would give Wei Zhongxian face.

Feng Xuan, Yao Zongwen and others were very curious about why Zhu Youzhen would let Cui Chengxiu and others go, but when they were conjecturing, Zhu Youzhen held an account book and smiled from ear to ear.

[The two parties of eunuchs and Zhejiang implicated 2,752 officials, 19,327 relatives of the three ethnic groups, and clarified more than 324,000 hidden households]

[The four divisions verified, more than 5,373,000 acres of land, more than 100 mansions, more than 2,000 mansions, more than 213,000 taels of gold, more than 9,324,000 taels of silver, tens of thousands of copper coins, and ...... treasures]

"I haven't raised them for so many years, but I can be greedy so much in four years!"

In the early morning of the wax moon, the cold wind blows with heavy snow, and the coolness is still seeping.

Just looking at the booklet in his hand, Zhu Youzhen, who was on the country road, couldn't stop laughing.

Behind him were the cavalry of the Nearly Thousand Heavenly Guards, as well as two conspicuous carriages.

The two carriages, one large and one small, were on the windows of the smaller carriages, and two small heads stretched out, looking around and the ground with interest.

Maybe some people will be curious about what is beautiful on the ground when they see the actions of the two, but if people in this era see the ground, I am afraid that they will widen their eyes and curiously come forward to explore.

At the foot of the procession is a modern concrete road that can only be seen in the mid-to-late nineteenth century.

Zhu Youzhen closed the music, turned to look at the convoy and cement road in front of him, and sighed heartily.

This may be the first thing he has done in the eight years since he crossed over to bring the people of Daming into modern times.

"Beijing-Tianjin-Fu Road" is the first highway in the Ming Dynasty, two zhang wide, 254 miles long, the whole is paved with cement and sand and gravel, pig iron.

The mix ratio of water, cement, sand and gravel is 5:10 to 18:36, and some sections of the road use pig iron to set up connecting rods in the horizontal direction, and the overall strength has barely reached the strength of about C20 in later generations, which is enough to be used for 30 years.

Of course, thirty years here is the standard for later generations, but in this era when there were only horse-drawn carriages and animal power, it is possible that the road could be used for hundreds of years.

As for why Zhu Youzhen remembers it so clearly, it depends on the experience of building the first cement road for the village in his previous life when he was helping the poor.

There is not enough money in the village to hire people, so only the villagers are busy with it, and people like Zhu Youzhen naturally can't see the sixty or seventy-year-old uncles and aunts busy, so they will naturally help.

In addition, when talking about the project, he deliberately learned about the grade of the concrete pavement, so he remembered it so clearly.

"Cheng Eun! How much is the difference between the cost of this road and the cost given by the household? ”

Zhu You looked at this road, and while feeling proud in his heart, he couldn't help but ask Wang Chengen, and without waiting for Wang Chengen to answer, a person's voice sounded:

"The total length is two hundred and fifty-four miles, the width is two zhang, and the cost given by the household department is four hundred taels per mile, and after my improvement, it only needs three hundred and sixty taels."

"Therefore, the construction of this road cost the imperial court a total of 91,440 taels of silver."

A proud voice sounded, and Zhu Youzhen turned to look at it, and it was Zhu Youxiao who was "holding his head high".

Seeing each other, Zhu Youzhen smiled and said, "I forgot that my brother is the chief designer of this road." ”

"Chief Designer?" Zhu Youxiao raised his eyebrows: "This is a good title." ”

As he spoke, Zhu Youxiao glanced at his "masterpiece", nodded proudly with his hands behind his back, and said:

"This kind of road is good, it is not bumpy in a carriage, it can run sixty miles in an hour, if I use this kind of road in the Ming Dynasty, it will be much easier to mobilize the soldiers and horses."

"Hehe......" Zhu Youzhen smiled bitterly when he heard this, and then said:

"That being said, brother, don't forget, just this one road has used up the cement reserves of Beizhili for nearly a year."

Speaking of cement reserves, Zhu Youjian also felt a little headache.

He didn't want the people of Daming to work in the cement field, because working in a dusty environment would reduce life expectancy and suffer from pneumoconiosis.

As a result, cement yards generally use prisoners and convicts for production.

This is not bad in the south, after all, there are millions of "criminals" in the Jiugang and Jiaozhi areas, and a quarter of them are involved in the labor reform of the cement yards, which can easily produce more than 12 million stone of cement a year, enough to pave nearly 3,700 miles of roads.

But the cement yard is a bit difficult to reach the north, because the Ming still needs to be developed, so except for the prisoners who were captured earlier, and the prisoners who violated the "Daming Law" must die, there are not many people in the north who can be used by the Ming as laborers.

From the sixth year of the Apocalypse to the present, only 372 cement yards have been established in the north, with an average of 500 prisoners per workshop and an annual output of more than 2.6 million stones.

Nearly half of the output is in Beizhili, and more than 1.3 million stone cement accumulated in Beizhili for a year are smashed on this cement road.

In other words, Daming's annual cement output reached 1.3 million tons, which was almost one-fourteenth of the output of the United States in 1926.

However, this conversion method doesn't really mean anything.

Because the Ming Dynasty was able to maintain such an output, it was established under the condition that there were a large number of prisoners involved in the labor, and it was established on the situation that more than 1.2 million people worked together.

Once these 1.2 million people die one after another, then Daming's cement production will still plummet.

Therefore, if Daming's cement production is to rise, it must be semi-industrialized.

The steam engine has to be applied, and this step is not so simple.

But if the more than 1.2 million prisoners are over, or before their deaths, Daming has no way to do it, then it can only promote the cement yard and strictly require ordinary workers everywhere to wear masks.

But by that time, the cost of building a concrete road will increase by five or six times, because there is no labor cost for cement at the moment.

All Daming needs to pay is to feed them, and what they get is more than 1.3 million tons of cement per year.

According to the standard of "Beijing-Tianjin Fu Road", Daming's annual cement output can build about 4,300 miles of Fu Road.

The sand, gravel, iron and cement used to build the roads were almost free, and only the daily wages were paid for in exchange for work.

But even so, it takes a lot of time and experience to build a concrete road.

Take the current "Beijing-Tianjin-Fudao" as an example, from the start of construction to the present, it has taken a total of three months, 254 points to start construction at the same time, and 73,000 people have been mobilized.

This is still based on the old official road, and if a new road is dug up, the time may be extended to six to eight months.

In short, it can be seen that it is not manpower that restricts Daming at present, but material resources.

"Your Highness, it has been summed up, and a total of 3,900 miles of government roads, county roads, and township roads have been built in two capitals and eighteen provinces this year."

"Among them, 1,700 li was built in the old port, 1,700 li was built in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Jiaozhi, Liangguang and Ryukyu, and more than 500 li was built in the north."

"The Ministry of Industry spent a total of more than 2,376,000 taels of silver, and more than 2 million people started construction before and after......"

When Zhu Youzhen was still pondering, Wang Chengen, who was summarizing the cement road construction in the Ming Province in the carriage, said while holding a thick booklet.

Obviously, he didn't hear Zhu Youzhen call him just now, and Zhu Youzhen bowed his head slightly when he heard this.

He did not underestimate the infrastructure capacity of the people of the Ming Dynasty, to put it bluntly, even the people who can get out of the Great Wall, as long as they give money, food and materials, it is not strange to make nearly 4,000 miles of cement roads.

Moreover, millions of people are currently suffering from drought and can only survive on food stamps from the imperial court.

But then again, such a large infrastructure capacity made Zhu Youzhen ponder.

"It seems that we can reduce the distribution of food stamps, try to use work for relief, and after the drought is over, we may be able to get a new Ming."

Thinking so, Zhu Youzhen asked Wang Chengen:

"How many people are the Ministry of Industry giving relief to the people this year?"

"About four million...... Wang Chengen thought about the amount of money submitted by the Ministry of Industry a few days ago, and Zhu Youzhen also turned around and talked to Zhu Youxiao when he heard this:

"Brother, how is this cement road, you have also seen it, I am wondering, can I use the method of three points of 'grain relief, seven points of labor relief' to help the people, and at the same time let me use this cement road in the Ming Dynasty."

"What does my brother think?" Zhu Youxiao was very curious, because he remembered that his younger brother said that the cement manufacturing process was too dusty and he didn't want the people to participate.

However, in this regard, Zhu Youzhen said:

"Cement is mainly made of limestone and clay as raw materials, and after a certain proportion is combined, the mature material is calcined in a vertical kiln similar to burnt lime, and then ground to make cement."

"In this step, the dusty work can be left to the prisoners, and the people can participate in the mining of limestone and the excavation of clay, and leave the blending, firing, and grinding to the prisoners."

Zhu Youzhen's words made Zhu Youxiao nod, and after thinking about it, he responded:

"That's fine, but the cost is going to go up, and even then, it shouldn't be able to increase production much, right?"

Zhu Youzhen looked at Wang Chengen when he heard this, and Wang Chengen replied after thinking about it:

"How much it can be improved needs to be tried by the people below, but at the previous rate when the raw materials in the field were sufficient, it should be able to increase the output by at least twice as much."

Twice the output, this is already quite remarkable, although this can only increase the output of the cement yards in the north and south of the Ming Dynasty, but can not increase the output of the old port, but Zhu Youzhen now wants the output of the north and the south.

First connect the original two capitals and thirteen provinces of the Ming Dynasty, and then go to other places.

Moreover, the Ming Dynasty was not completely in the north without a large number of prisoners available......

"Tell Yan Siqi to send the prisoners of Nandao Prefecture, Kyushu Prefecture and Shiguo Prefecture to Jingcheng, and then send someone to inform You Shigong to take over, let them supervise the prisoners to make cement, and the cement will be transported to the Kuandian area by water, and build the government roads, county roads and township roads in Liaodong."

As soon as Zhu Youzhen opened his mouth, he asked Yan Siqi to mobilize a million prisoners, but it was impossible for these million prisoners to fly to Mirror City all at once, after all, Yan Siqi's transportation capacity was limited.

Based on their capacity, they can transport more than 200,000 people to Mirror City every year.

But even so, the annual increase in labor of more than 200,000 people is an increase in the output of millions of stone cement for Daming.

"That's right!" Zhu Youzhen thought of something, and suddenly sighed a little:

"They came from afar, and they can't treat them badly, each person is paid five wages a day, and after 20 years of labor reform, let them go home."

"Your Highness is merciful...... Wang Chengen bowed slowly, while Zhu Youxiao was absent-minded, and only after Wang Chengen stepped back did he say:

"My brother has been too tired lately, so leave it to me to do this matter of laying out the roads of the world."

"Huh?" Zhu Youzhen turned his head to look at him when he heard this, with a suspicious expression.

In his opinion, his brother is not thinking about sharing his worries, but about playing......

But anyway, I can get things done while playing, which is ......

Zhu Youzhen thought about it, and then looked at Zhu Youxiao with a weird smile:

"Brother, I'll have someone send you a few books related to railway construction another day, and by the way, I will ask my brother to read some books on steam locomotives and steam engine ships."

"Huh?" Zhu Youxiao became vigilant, and Zhu Youzhen saw him like this, and immediately said:

"But my brother doesn't need to read the information of the steam engine, it is estimated that my brother can't improve it, and it's more difficult to improve it now."

"Pretty much...... I should ...... It shouldn't be improved......" Zhu Youxiao said almost against his will.

Although he was tempted to say the three words "who said it", he held back.

If the fourth version of the steam engine came out, he could guarantee that his brother would start working on it.

Anyway, the fourth version of the steam engine does not come out, even if there are steam locomotives and steam engine ships......

It's also not right, the steam engine ship can't be made, the steam locomotive can......

Zhu Youxiao, who thought clearly, coughed: "Ahem, I will study the provincial roads, government roads, county roads, township roads, and steam locomotives of the railway and the national dynasty." ”

"As for the steam engine and the steam engine ship, alas...... I am so stupid, how can I make something so ingenious? ”

This is the first time that Zhu Youxiao has admitted that he is "talented and stupid", and the soldiers of the Xiao Cavalry Guards around him all glanced sideways, and Li Dingguo and Zhu Ciran in the back carriage also wrinkled their facial features with unnatural expressions.

"Then I'll bother my brother......" Zhu Youzhen saw through everything and returned to the carriage with a smile.

Seeing this, Zhu Youxiao also followed back to the carriage, and after they all returned to the carriage, the convoy began to continue to start.

Although it snows in the moon, it is really difficult for a carriage with a speed of no more than 20 kilometers per hour to skid.

The convoy continued to move forward, changing horses at each post station, and after galloping for more than four hours, from dawn to dusk, the convoy was about to arrive in Tianjin County.

Near here, groups of farmers began to appear in the fields around the cement road, inspecting the ridges.

Despite the great drought of the Apocalypse, the population of Beizhili in this era was less than one-tenth of that of later generations, and after several migrations of Zhu Youzhen, the population of Beizhili fell to more than 8.5 million, which was less than that of later generations

Zhu Youzhen vaguely remembered that the last time he came to Tianjin was in the second year of the Apocalypse.

At that time, Tianjin was only Wei, the name of the county was Beitang, and the population was only more than 100,000, most of whom were engaged in the work of helping to pull boats, with 20 yuan per day.

Beitang is nearly 100 miles away from some silt swamps, and there are very few fields.

But I don't want six years to pass, at the beginning, there were only 100,000 people, and there were only two kinds of livelihoods in Tianjin, which only went to sea to fish and helped pull boats, but now it has developed to a population of more than 400,000 people, and hundreds of thousands of acres of cultivated land have been added nearby.

Let sit in the car, look at Tianjin through the window made by Liulichang, at this moment it has built a city wall, the scale is grand, not inferior to Jinan, Handan, Taiyuan and other northern important towns.

Looking at its appearance, as well as the increase in the once scarce cultivated land, Zhu Youzhen's face showed a hint of relief.

"What do the people of Tianjin do for a living now?"

Zhu Youxiao also came to Tianjin secretly, and naturally noticed the changes in Tianjin, and it is no exaggeration to say that the current Tianjin is like two cities from before, so he asked Wang Chengen.

The carriage was wide, and he and Zhu Youzhen were both sitting on the main seat, while Wang Chengen was sitting first on the left, and naturally replied:

"Most of the people in Tianjin work in salt farms, shipyards, and fertilizer farms to make a living, and there are more than 189,000 helpers in the three fields, of which 140,000 are shipyards."

"The nine major shipyards of the National Dynasty absorb more than one million shipwrights every year......

"So many people? And why do you say before and after? Zhu Youxiao frowned when he heard this, and Zhu Youzhen explained:

"After all, shipbuilding still depends on the raw materials, and the raw materials for ships in our dynasty, such as Tianjin, Lushun and Denglai in the three northern provinces, are all taken from the wood of Nuergan and Liaodong, with the teak shipbuilding of Siam and Gan Xiaozhi."

"The shipyards of Longjiang, Fuzhou, Nangang, and Beigang in the south are all built on the trees of the Ryukyu Province and the teak wood of Siam and Gan Pozhi."

"As for the two major shipyards in Guangzhou and Jiaozhi, they rely on local materials from Jiaozhi, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi."

"When the shipyard was busy, it peaked at more than 60,000 shipwrights and 1.27 million people."

"In my spare time, I can have 60,000 boatmen and more than 300,000 people."

Daming's shipbuilding capacity has been laid out by Zhu Youjian, and it can be said that the business is thriving.

Even if there is no order from the imperial court, relying only on the orders of maritime merchants, although it is not said to maintain the peak, it is no problem to ensure that the craftsmen in their leisure time have food to eat.

After all, the Ming Dynasty was a trading exporter, and some of the silver was earned by European merchants, but it was better to give it to its own merchants.

For example, at present, the Ming merchants who once only dared to travel back and forth with the two capitals and thirteen provinces and the South Seas have boldly begun to travel between the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea after the establishment of a small Western supervision envoy in the imperial court.

Further away to Levia they did not go, mainly felt that it was not worth it.

"That's right, brother!" Thinking of Levia, Zhu Youzhen remembered the matter of gold, so he said to Chengen: "Take the map of Levia I drew before." ”

When Wang Chengen heard this, he searched for it, and finally turned out the map of Levia.

After Zhu Youzhen took the map, he opened the map, pointed to a few places where he circled red with a red pen and said:

"Xu Xiake went to Levia to explore, and although he only reached the Cape of Good Hope, which the Europa people called, he discovered a huge gold vein......"

"Gold?!" Hearing the gold, Zhu Youxiao's eyes lit up, and Zhu Youzhen also smiled when he saw this:

"Yes, it's gold, and it's hundreds of millions of taels of gold." Zhu Youzhen did not say the specific real reserves, he was afraid that he would say too much and Zhu Youxiao would not believe it.

However, even though he was already very conservative, Zhu Youxiao still frowned after hearing hundreds of millions of taels of gold:

"Is my brother sure? Don't be fooled by some of the people below. ”

"Brother, don't worry, I will naturally not be deceived." Zhu Youzhen shook his head with a smile, but Zhu Youxiao still said uneasily:

"But if there really is so much gold, why doesn't Xiyi mine it himself?"

"Because they can't detect it......" Zhu Youzhen couldn't cry or laugh, not to mention the Europeans, it was Xu Xiake and others, if it weren't for the information provided by Zhu Youzhen, I'm afraid they wouldn't be interested in South Africa, which is full of Gobi Desert.

This is the case with the Europeans at the moment, they are not interested in the Gobi Desert, so they do not explore it.

Historically, the British had to flee in large numbers due to internal competition and contradictions, and finally seized the Cape of Good Hope, and discovered these big gold mines by mistake.

It's a pity that this place is going to be occupied by the Ming Dynasty right now...... Reclaimed.

"Although there is gold, but this distance is thousands of miles, and with such a large amount of gold, how can we ensure that the people sent to mine it will not be greedy for ink?"

Zhu Youxiao looked at the golden markers on the map, and kept figuring out the map with his hands, obviously very interested, or eager to put wings on himself and fly over to find out now.

"The problem of distance is very big, but if the steam locomotive is studied, then the problem of distance is not very big."

Zhu Youzhen said this because he knew that if the fourth version of the steam engine was successfully improved, the speed of the steam engine ship would be twice the speed of the current sailing ship.

From the Cape of Good Hope, it takes only two months to reach the Little Western Inspectorate, two and a half months to the Old Port, and three and a half months to Guangzhou.

It takes only about a month to travel from Guangzhou to the Bay of Bengal in India, and it only takes two months to travel from Nuergan or Mowen Hewei (Vladivostok) to Central America.

This is also why Zhu Youzhen said that if there was a steam engine, his first migration target would be Central America.

Moreover, the steam engine was not only the power of the fourth version, but also the fifth version.

The power of the fourth version was probably the high-pressure steam engine, which was fully perfected by Watt and improved by Trevisick, and could be used with ships, trains, and horse-drawn carriages.

If the fifth edition is reached, it will reach the level of the end of the nineteenth century, even if it takes only five or six months to travel from Songjiang Mansion in the Ming Dynasty to London, England, and from Songjiang Mansion to Central America across the Pacific Ocean it only takes about twenty days.

No matter how you calculate, as long as the steam engine can reach the fourth edition, then the Americas will be one of the best places for Zhu Youjian's domain.

North America and South America are his fiefdoms, and the Qi State can be used as a factory for the Ming Dynasty in peacetime, and can be used as a bridgehead to attack Europe in wartime, after all, after the fifth version of the steam engine, it only takes seven or eight days to travel from eastern North America to Europe.

Therefore, the steam engine is something that must be made, whether it is reclamation or transportation, or to maintain the system of the Great Ming Dynasty.

Naturally, research and development and scientific and technological innovation are inseparable from money, and how does money come from? Naturally, we had to rely on monetary reform, the establishment of banks, and the establishment of gold and silver standards.

Gold and silver will be the target of the imperial court, and Zhu Youzhen does not have to worry about gold and silver causing inflation in the short term, because the current Ming Dynasty is short of silver.

Historically, the Ming Dynasty was unable to control the silver-copper double standard currency system in which silver participated, and thus had the catastrophic consequences of economic collapse when it could not ensure sufficient silver in circulation.

This consequence was also caused by the fact that the Thirty Years' War in Europe affected trade, and the outflow of silver became smaller, and the outflow of silver could not meet the internal needs of the Ming Dynasty.

Coincidentally, the Ming Dynasty fell in 1644, while the Xiaoice River continued, but the drought stopped in 1643, and the Thirty Years' War in Europe ended in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia.

For the current Ming Dynasty, the population has not suffered much, so the demand for silver has become more vigorous as the population has grown.

Zhu You found out that the influx of one or two million taels of silver was just a thirst quenching for Daming.

If you want Daming to really drink enough, at least it must be greater than the scale of the total inflow of silver from Longqing to Chongzhen in the seventeenth year.

What is this scale? Not much......

That is...... Probably...... The scale of the Treaty of Xincho......

I'll admit, I was the one who took care of it last night......

39.1°, sore throat, body aches, migraine, stomach rumbling all night (not hungry......

Who said this thing had a big cold......

Today's update will see what time my fever subsides, it may be late, but it will never be absent.

I wanted to rest, but I don't think I can starve you, and even if I don't get up until 1 a.m., I'm going to try to get out of the second chapter.

My slogan is that even if I am yang, I will be swept up by other authors of the historical classification.

(End of chapter)