In February of the twelfth year of the Apocalypse, under the impetus of Zhu Youzhen, the tractor appeared in the field of vision of the people of the Ming Dynasty in a public demonstration way. Diaphragm

At the same time, the posters in the towns and villages of the world were replaced at the same time, and the posters with pictures and texts showed and introduced to the people of the world what a tractor was.

However, it is also famous on the notice that the tractor will only be provided to those who have moved out, and if the family does not want a tractor, they can also get two ploughing oxen as a cultivation tool.

In fact, such news did not cause much trouble, because a large number of ordinary people did not pay much attention to this matter, except for the officials and ordinary people who had seen the tractor.

Migration is not so easy, as long as there is a way to live, no one will want to move, such as Shanxi and Shaanxi are examples of this.

Shaanxi can only carry two or three million people under the severe drought, while Shanxi can only carry five or six million people.

But the problem is that the Ming court often closed positions in the local area, constantly released grain, suppressed grain prices, and added work for relief, so that the people had a way to live, and naturally they would not leave.

It's just that with the abdication of the drought in the north and the continuous improvement of the repair of government roads and county roads in recent years, the number of workers in the two provinces has also dropped sharply. Diaphragm

As of February 15, the construction of the subgrade of the Shanxi section of the railway has been completed, and the next year is the year-long laying of the tracks.

The construction of the roadbed was lost, and hundreds of thousands of people in Shanxi also lost their jobs.

The number of people who have built prefectural, prefectural and township roads is sufficient, which means that hundreds of thousands of people who go to work can only go home to farm.

After the completion of the roadbed construction, they chose to sell their real estate, hand over the fields to the village officials, and began to migrate at the price of ten stone grain stamps per acre of land with enough food stamps.

Tens of thousands of households, 60,000 or 70,000 people began to migrate, and this is just a microcosm of Shanxi.

Although the drought has subsided, most of Shanxi is still in a state of drought, but Shaanxi has been given time to breathe, and with the exception of Yan'an, where less than 200,000 people live, the drought in other parts of Shaanxi has basically subsided.

The drought in the north has been brought under control, but those who are still in the drought-stricken areas have no choice but to move outside the border without the support of the cash-for-work policy. Diaphragm

At the same time, drought began to occur in the south after a one-year hiatus.

Fengyang Mansion, Except Prefecture, Yangzhou, Hezhou, Yingtianfu, Changzhou Mansion, Zhenjiang Prefecture, Suzhou Prefecture and Songjiang Prefecture in Nanzhili all have drought conditions.

Zhejiang's Huzhou, Hangzhou and Jiaxing are also showing signs of drought.

Drought also broke out in Nanchang, Guangxin, Raozhou, Jiujiang, Nankang and other places in Jiangxi.

Finally, there are the three prefectures of Yuezhou, Changde and Changsha in Huguang.

Among them, Yuezhou, Changde, and Changsha experienced an earthquake last year, and this year's drought broke out again, and the people were hard.

In order to promote this migration, Zhu Youzhen raised the standard again and again, and even mentioned the migration reward of "those who relocate to Luchuan, 20 acres of mature land per person". Diaphragm

Zhu Youzhen no longer practiced cash-for-work, and even began to deliberately indulge in the rise in local grain prices.

After the lack of regulation and control by the imperial court, the price of grain in Nanzhili rose from 400 wen per stone to 680 wen per stone, and the price of meat also continued to rise.

The price of grain in Jiangxi rose from 380 to 500 wen, in Huguang from 400 wen to 540 wen, and in Zhejiang from 500 wen to 700 wen.

As for the north, the price of grain in Shanxi rose from 500 wen to 800 wen under the control of the government.

For the people, who only have five or six taels of silver a year, even if they work every day, the rise in food prices this time almost forced them to move.

This is the "violent" method used by Zhu Youzhen.

As he said, there are sins in all directions under heaven, but these sins are enough to be imposed on him. Diaphragm

Just as the emperor monopolized salt and raised the price of salt, many people abused the imperial court, but for the sake of livelihood, some people who were not strong in risk resistance still chose to relocate.

The places chosen are different in various places, such as Shanxi Province and Modong Province, and Huguang Province Luchuan.

As for the three provinces south of the Yangtze River, they did not choose to go to Luchuan, but chose to go to the South Seas to the old port.

The Ming Dynasty has been operating the old port for many years, many coastal people have moved to the old port, and the people who stayed in the south of the Yangtze River have more or less relatives who chose to go to the old port, so under the inquiry, they gave up Luchuan and chose to move to the old port.

In short, in the twelfth year of the Apocalypse, the new policy was mainly introduced, plus the recovery of Luchuan, the advent of tractors and the migration of the people as the beginning of the new year.

Just when everyone thought that the war was almost over, a new round of war had just begun.

"Bang!" Diaphragm

At the end of February, when the gunshots rang out on the plateau, a battlefield that had already ended appeared in front of people's eyes.

On the river valley, there are thousands of corpses of soldiers dressed in Tibetan armor, and the Ming army with the appearance of Tubo is cleaning the battlefield at this moment.

The snow-capped peaks and grasslands in the distance have become the background board of the battlefield, and the arrogant Tusi before the war has now turned into a cold corpse.

In front of Cao Wenzhao were thousands of squatting captives, and beside him was Sun Chuanting, who was wearing a stomach.

The cheeks were dark and their lips were chapped, like most Tibetans.

Sun Chuanting stepped on the grass with his feet, and in the distance was the snow-capped peak, he blocked the dazzling sun with his hands, and looked at the snowy peak, as if enjoying the scenery.

As for Cao Wenzhao, he was explaining to the captives in fluent Tibetan language about their treatment after being captured. Diaphragm

"It's not your fault that you resisted, it's Toast's fault, and now that he's been killed, you've been liberated."

"After that, someone will come to take you to Hexi, where the environment is not so bad, you will get the cattle and sheep distributed to you by the imperial court, and in the future, you only need to graze and pay taxes with peace of mind, and no one will force you to fight again."

"I know that many of you are slaves, but Daming has no slaves, and you will be free from today onwards."

Cao Wenzhao's words did not seem to have any new meaning, but for many Tubos who were once slaves, they felt incredulous.

Obviously, their Tusi said that the Ming army came here to kill them all, why did they start talking about dividing the pasture, cattle and sheep now?

Taxes? Their group of slaves is also taxed?

Some of the slaves looked at each other, unable to believe that what Cao Wen said was true, but they soon believed it. Diaphragm

"Omitted! Uncle! Something brought! ”

In the distance, Cao Bianjiao rode his horse, and behind him was a city that had been captured.

Naquka, the name of the city, was home to thousands of Tibetans and tens of thousands of Tibetan slaves.

Cao Bianjiao arrived with a carriage full of boxes.

"Take the stuff out and give it to them."

Cao Wenzhao gestured to Cao Bianjiao, and Cao Bianjiao nodded when he heard this, and asked people to move a cartload of boxes down, and when they opened it, there was a deed paper full of Tubo script.

Sun Chuanting put down his hand and set his eyes on the group of captives, he walked up to the captives and said comfortingly: "Ah

"Tear up the paper, and you will be free."

Cao Wenzhao helped translate, and Sun Chuanting's words also made many slaves let go of the panic and fear in their hearts, and a glimmer of hope appeared in their numb eyes.

Although they still thought it was unlikely, when the soldiers of the Duogan camp handed them the deed paper one by one, and they held the deed paper in their hands, a joy welled up from the bottom of their hearts, and they immediately celebrated.

"I'm free!"

"Free!"

"I'm not slaves anymore, we're not slaves anymore!"

"Jinzhu Mami! It was Jinzhu Mami who saved us! "Ahh

The freed slaves happily hugged the people around them, and some knelt and kowtowed to Sun Chuanting, Cao Wenzhao and others, and kept saying many words of gratitude.

"What are they talking about?" Sun Chuanting looked at Cao Wenzhao curiously, and Cao Wenzhao grinned: "He called us Jinzhu Mami, in the Tibetan language, Jinzhu Mami is the Bodhisattva soldier who rescues suffering." ”

"Hmm......" Sun Chuanting nodded, looking at the skinny Tubo people, he couldn't help but shake his head.

If the gentry of the Ming Dynasty knew that the tenants could not be starved, then the Tusi of Wusizang could be said to have treated this group of slaves as livestock to be killed at will.

Such a place is the place where the Ming army needs to send troops.

Sun Chuanting looked at the snowy mountain, he knew that Wu Sizang still had a lot of places waiting for him to solve, and there were still many slaves that he needed to rescue.

He was pondering, and the battlefield had become a place of celebration. Diaphragm

The slaves chanted "Jinzhu Mami" as they tore up the paper that had taken them for livestock.

The torn deed paper was like a salona, blown away by the harsh wind of the plateau, and sprinkled on the entire battlefield.

After liberating this group of people, Sun Chuanting asked them to clean up the battlefield, and then confiscated Tusi's family property and distributed the cattle, sheep and land to the newly liberated slaves.

His actions made everyone except Tusi in Naquka City celebrate with joy, and Tusi's family was detained.

When all this was done, Sun Chuanting came to the palace of Naquka Tusi and sat down.

It is said to be a palace, but in fact it is just an ordinary house in the mainland.

Sitting on the main seat, Sun Chuanting asked Cao Wenzhao and Cao Bianjiao, who walked in and sat down: "How is the progress of the other ministries?" "Ahh

"The Tusi around it were basically pacified, our army killed and wounded more than 30 people, beheaded more than 3,000 rebels who refused to submit to the king, and the Tusi north of Lhasa and east of it either surrendered or were razed."

Cao Wenzhao sat down with a golden knife and told Sun Chuanting the news he had gotten.

This time, the Ming army entered Tibet with 12 battalions, but only seven battalions with guns were used as counterinsurgency troops, and the other five battalions with rifles were responsible for pacifying the local area and raising grain and grass.

It is said to be raised, but in fact, there is no need to raise it.

It has been a month since the Ming army entered Tibet, and more than 60 large and small Tusi have been razed, and hundreds of thousands of cattle, sheep and horses have been captured.

Although the arable land in Wusizang is scarce, with less than 300,000 mu in the hands of the Ming army, the people of Wusizang are even less.

More than 60 Tusi families were razed, and less than 200,000 people were liberated. Diaphragm

In the case of three acres per person, for the common people, who were mostly slaves, they were already very excited.

Therefore, after they received the cattle, sheep and horses distributed by Sun Chuanting, they took the initiative to become civilian husbands for the Ming army.

Fighting in Uszang, for the 36,000 Ming army, there is no need to worry about meat, what they need to worry about is the problem of rice and wheat.

The yield per mu of land in Wusizang is extremely low, and the yield per mu of barley is not more than 100 catties, for the local commoners, it is a luxury to be able to eat a bowl of barley every day, and it is a treatment that only nobles can enjoy.

Although the meat is delicious, they can only eat a little bit of meat, so since entering Tibet, Sun Chuanting and the others have seen a skinny appearance, whether it is a slave or a commoner.

On the issue of rice and wheat, Sun Chuanting communicated with Li Banghua of the Sichuan political envoy, and sold the captured horses to the imperial shop in Sichuan, and then asked the imperial store in Sichuan to sell grain to the political envoy of Sichuan, and handed it over to the political envoy of Sichuan to transport the rice and wheat to the Ma'ergan Baihu in Duogan, and then the soldiers and horses of the Duogan battalion took over and transported to the front line.

The rough area of the road made the road to transport grain very difficult, and only three stones of ten stone meters could be transported to the front line, which was the result of the help of the liberated people. Diaphragm

"The thirty-nine divisions of Baili, Derge, and northern Tibet have all been destroyed or surrendered, and then it is enough to enter Lasa and then finish up."

"However, the post road of the imperial court was only repaired to the three bamboo sections, and there were no roads in Yaze, Guge, and Ladakh in the west, and it was not easy to fight without artillery."

Sitting in the house, Cao Bianjiao talked about the post road.

Now Sun Chuanting and their post road into Tibet is in the Yongle period, Ming Chengzu Zhu Di asked Liu Zhao to lead troops into Tibet, and ordered the Tusi of Wusi to build.

Although there was also a Russian military and civilian government in western Tibet at that time, the road leading to this place was basically a primitive road, and cavalry and infantry could walk, but it was not realistic to transport artillery.

"With the tiger squat cannon, as long as the city gate is opened, the riflemen are enough to destroy them!"

Sun Chuanting calmly poured tea and took a sip, he knew very well that this time the Ming army entered Tibet was different from the previous times. Diaphragm

The first few times the Ming army entered Tibet, whether it was the siege of the Sakya Hall by the 500 Ming army, or the construction of the post road presided over by Liu Zhao, or the patrol of Hou Xian, the task of the Ming army was only to publicize the strength of the Ming Dynasty and make the Tusi nobles of the Wusi Tibetan Division honest.

But this time the Ming army entered Tibet to completely disintegrate the rule of the Tusi nobles of Wusi and Tibet.

As long as the former is obedient, the interests can still be guaranteed, but the latter is not.

The Ming army wanted to liberate the slaves, give the slaves freedom, completely control the Wusizang, and move the Tibetans to Hexi.

All these measures demanded by Zhu Youzhen are all touching the interests of the nobles and Tusi of Wusizang without exception.

Therefore, the Ming army's entry into Tibet this time can be said to have been fought all the way, and there were not a few times when Tusi took the initiative to surrender and hand over slaves and land.

This way came this way, Sun Chuanting didn't know that Zangba Khan, who was entrenched in Sanzhujie and Lhasa, would give up his interests. Diaphragm

Zangba Khan had 30,000 soldiers and horses, but in the face of the Ming army, these 30,000 soldiers and horses were just local chickens and tile dogs.

It was the road traffic problem that plagued the Ming army, not the soldiers and horses of the Tusi nobles of Wusizang.

"Warp!"

When the voice of Guan Fumin sounded, the three of them looked at the door, and the tanned Guan Fumin also walked into the house in armor and said:

"The outer Tangqi met a monk sent by Lasa, and Zangpa Khan wanted to talk to the imperial court."

"What is there to talk about?" Cao Wenzhao frowned, but Sun Chuanting raised his hand and said:

"Yes, tell them the terms of our surrender, and if they can accept it, then we can accept their surrender." Diaphragm

"March 15, if they can't give us an answer by March 15, then we will march to Lasa."

"This ......" Guan Fumin was puzzled: "Jinglu, this group of rebels is probably delaying time, will it be bad to give such a long time?" ”

"I know they may be stalling for time, but when their men and horses are gathered, it is much easier for us to give them a thunderous blow and then surrender than it is for us to go to them."

While drinking tea, Sun Chuanting explained that he and Hong Chengchou were both fighting with the same idea, that is, to let the enemy army pull out enough soldiers and horses, and then defeat the enemy army in one fell swoop in the battle, and then easily attack the city and seize the land.

As for the surrender? Sun Chuanting would not believe that this group of Wusizang nobles who eat people and do not spit out bones would be willing to give up their interests.

Many people think of the highland landscapes, snow-capped mountains, and cows and sheep grazing with their heads bowed, but until the fifties, serfdom was practised.

Serfdom had existed for a long time in Usizang, which was a slave society during the Tibetan Dynasty, and it was not until the middle of the ninth century that the Tubo Dynasty collapsed under the impact of civilian and slave uprisings. Diaphragm

Later, with the advent of the low temperature period, there was no strong centralized power on the Us-Tibet Plateau, so the level of development of slavery in various regions of Us-Tibet varied, and the speed and degree of transition to feudalism were also different in different places.

Under the control of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, it took about 400 years for the entire region to complete the transition from slavery to feudalism, and this transition did not completely eliminate slavery, but only transition slavery to serfdom.

There were two opposing classes in the serfdom of Usz, namely the serf-owning class and the serf-owning class.

Among them, the serf-owning class can be roughly divided into three parts: the official family, the monastery and the aristocracy, and the so-called official family refers to the local government of Uszang.

Since the Yuan Dynasty, local leaders of Wusizang had to be approved by the central government and canonized by envoys before they could succeed to the throne, and this principle continued even in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.

As for monasteries, they refer to the Tibetan Buddhist monasteries that can be found everywhere in Uszang.

In the early Ming Dynasty, there were hundreds of temples and tens of thousands of monks in Wusizang, and the monks accounted for a large proportion of the population of Wusizang. Diaphragm

In the end, the power of the slave owners and aristocrats should not be underestimated, in the Ming Dynasty's Wusizang hereditary aristocracy, the Ming Dynasty canonized twenty-four families, and the rest of the dozens of large and small.

Among these families, the largest nobles controlled tens of thousands of acres of arable land, and the smaller ones had hundreds or thousands of acres.

The serf-owning class, numbering less than 5 percent of the total population, actually owned all of the arable land, pastures, forests, wastelands and mountains of Uszang, as well as most of the livestock.

In other words, a very small number of people controlled almost all of the means of production and wealth of Uszang.

In addition, the greatest resource in the hands of the serf owners was the serfs, who made up the vast majority of the population of Usz-Tibet.

Most of the time of these serfs was spent cultivating the land for the serf owners, and each serf household needed to cultivate land that could produce hundreds to hundreds of catties of barley.

The policy of the Ming and Qing dynasties towards Wusizang was different, and the Wusizang in the Ming Dynasty had not yet begun the integration of politics and religion, so the conflict between Wusizang was basically dominated by the conflict between the nobles. Diaphragm

However, at present, Wu Si Zang has begun to embark on the road of integration of politics and religion, which is one of the reasons why Zhu Youzhen is eager to recover Wu Si Zang.

Once politics and religion are involved, even if he recovers Uszang in the future, Uszang will leave a bunch of troubles for him.

Therefore, he had to interrupt the process while it had begun, so as to prevent the Ming Dynasty from suffering from it.

Sun Chuanting had a handwritten letter from Zhu Youzhen, and he knew that he wanted to completely separate the politics and religion of Wusizang and break the current connection between politics and religion.

However, there are indeed many inappropriateness in sending troops on the plateau, although most of the Ming troops in the 12th battalion of Duogan are Mongols and Tibetans in the Qinghai region, but the intensity of the march of nearly 1,500 miles a month still makes them a little unbearable.

Sun Chuanting promised Zangba Khan to give them time to discuss peace, in fact, he was also giving the Ming army some time to rest.

"When will the grain from Sichuan arrive in Naquka?" Diaphragm

Sun Chuanting asked Cao Bianjiao, who was in charge of the weight of grain and grass, and Cao Bianjiao also responded when he heard this:

"On the fifteenth day of the first month, nearly 90,000 stone rice and wheat were shipped out of Chengdu Prefecture, and there were nearly 200,000 stones in the follow-up, and the first batch should have arrived in Batang and Litang, and it is estimated that it can be transported to Nagquka on the tenth day of March, and the second batch will wait until April."

"Are the local rebels cleared?" Sun Chuanting asked, and Cao Bianjiao also nodded hurriedly:

"All the clearing, and the hundreds of households in Litang have all returned, and the people of the Mu family in eastern Tibet seem to be evacuating."

"Don't worry about them...... Sun Chuanting frowned, he knew that the Mu clan's retreat might have something to do with Hong Chengchou, but it had nothing to do with his duties.

On the contrary, with the withdrawal of the Mu clan from the Kham region in eastern Tibet, there will not be so many obstacles for the political envoys who pass through Fuwusizang, which is a good thing.

"Jingluo, shouldn't I send it to the imperial court and ask Your Highness, can you send some labor reformers to Wusizang and send officials to govern by the way?" Diaphragm

"Even if you want to move them to Hexi, you have to have officials."

Guan Fumin spoke in time, and Sun Chuanting frowned and thought for a long time when he heard this, and then said:

"How to govern Uszang, it really needs His Highness to speak, as for the matter of labor reform, let me mention it."

After saying that, Sun Chuanting got up: "Let the soldiers rest for a while and wait for my military order." ”

"Yes!" The three of them responded, and Sun Chuanting also left the hall with his head bowed when he saw this, and came to the Tusi study that had been cleaned out, picked up a pen and studied ink, and wrote down the progress of the Ming army in Wusizang and some problems that needed to be solved.

After writing everything, he asked the letter to be sent to the capital in an expedited manner of eight hundred miles and handed over to the Qi Wangfu for processing.

When he finished doing this, Zhou Xuan, who was a staff member, also walked into the study and said to Sun Chuanting: "Lang."

"After the strategy, long live the ...... that someone has passed on the middle purpose"

"Zhongzhi ......" Hearing that it was actually a Zhongzhi that did not go through the cabinet and the Governor's Mansion of the Five Armies, Sun Chuanting frowned:

"Is there a eunuch who has a decree?"

"No, the people from Xichang left after delivering the holy decree." Zhou Ji responded, and handed out a volume of the central purpose in his hand by the way.

Sun Chuanting took it and glanced at it, the content of this decree was basically urging him to hurry up and put down the rebellion without delay.

"After a while, I'm afraid Long Live is preparing to let you enter the cabinet......"

Zhou Yan understood the intention of this decree at a glance, but he was puzzled: "I just don't know, why Banzai is in such a hurry to urge you." "Ahh

"Let's take it one step at a time." Sun Chuanting put away the decree and sat on the chair with some exhaustion.

Seeing that he was tired, Zhou Ji also withdrew from the study......