"These 300 million taels of banknotes, anchored in gold, were then issued to the gentry, and acres of land were purchased from the gentry."

In front of everyone, Zhu Youzhen said the "gold standard" and continued:

"The dynasty now has 22,720,000 taels of gold, and the reason why I haven't used the gold in the vault for so many years is to keep it as an anchor for banknotes and set the gold standard."

"The so-called gold standard is a monetary system based on gold."

"Under the gold standard, each unit of money was worth as much as a certain weight of gold."

"The size of the Apocalypse Tongbao silver, copper coins and paper money can be used to exchange for gold."

"As for how to redeem it, I guess I don't need to say."

"Naturally, ten thousand taels of silver are exchanged for ten taels of silver, and ten taels of silver are exchanged for one tael of gold."

Speaking of which, Zhu Youzhen mercilessly criticized his ancestors:

"The reason why the treasure banknotes issued by the national dynasty in the past gradually depreciated is that although the anchors used in the treasure banknotes are gold, silver and grain, the imperial court does not have so much gold, silver and grain to exchange."

"The reason for the serious depreciation of treasure banknotes in the late Hongwu period and the Jianwen period is also because the imperial court issued treasure money indiscriminately, and the number of treasure banknotes far exceeded the gold, silver and grain in the hands of the imperial court."

"At present, the dynasty can't follow the old path, so it naturally needs to use things as anchors."

"This anchor is the gold in the hands of the gold and silver vault."

Zhu Youzhen explained to everyone, and said:

"The dynasty will receive gold every year, ranging from more than 500,000 yuan to 7.8 million yuan."

"If you use this gold to anchor the banknotes and then make beautiful banknotes that are issued on a limited basis, the banknotes will not depreciate quickly."

"The current gold reserves of the Israeli dynasty are enough to release 230 million taels of banknotes at the end of the year."

"Even if the current needs of the imperial court are 260 million taels, it can be exceeded."

Zhu Youzhen's words opened the door to a new world for everyone, they are not stupid, and they also know the reason why the treasure money is overissued.

The reason for the collapse of the Daming treasure banknote is basically the same as what Zhu Youzhen said.

From the eighth year of Hongwu to the Ming Dynasty treasure banknote lifting division to issue treasure banknotes, until Zhu Yuanzhang hiccup Hongwu thirty-one years, the next year the issuance of up to 5 million ingot banknotes.

Zhu Yuanzhang set the rules for the exchange of treasure banknotes, that is, gold one or two banknotes are exchanged for four times, and silver is always exchanged for one or two banknotes, but treasure banknotes are not allowed to be exchanged for gold and silver.

This one-way exchange makes the treasure banknote effectively non-exchangeable banknotes.

The paper money that cannot be exchanged is no different from waste paper, and the treasure banknotes of the Ming Dynasty have only been issued since the beginning of the issuance, resulting in more and more paper money circulating in the market.

Moreover, this is an exchange rule based on the price of goods in the eighth year of Hongwu, but the problem is that this rule only exists in Zhu Yuanzhang's words.

During the entire period of using treasure money, there was not a trace of gold, silver, copper coins, and rice used for anchoring in the Ming treasury to guarantee the credit of paper money.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the logic of the treasure banknote lifting division is very simple, that is, I printed the consistent treasure banknote, and it can really be used as a silver flower or two, and it can be used as a stone of rice to gnaw.

If you just set the rules like this, there is nothing, and in terms of the actual situation at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the five million Guan Bao banknotes are only overissued, which is not enough to make the treasure banknotes collapse.

But in the twenty-third year of Hongwu, the practitioners of the Treasure Banknote Lifting Division increased the circulation to 15 million yuan.

Later generations of people with a little economic consciousness knew that once the amount of paper money was issued, it would depreciate accordingly.

If the bank happens to come to work without brains, and tries to increase the power to continue printing more money to compensate for the quantity to make up for the quality, it will eventually lead to a vicious cycle and create a new kind of paddle paper for public toilets.

In fact, the history of the Ming treasure banknote is indeed like this, Hongwu thirty years, one or two silver can still buy four stone rice, but if you buy it with treasure money, it will take ten times.

After the indiscriminate distribution of the emperors of the four dynasties of Jianwen, Yongle, Hongxi and Xuande, by the time of the Xuande period, the face value of the treasure banknote to buy one stone of rice had already required fifty guan, and by the ninth year of orthodoxy, the price of one stone of rice had soared to one hundred.

Since then, the value of the Daming treasure banknote is no longer limited to its own, - it can be exchanged for copper coins, and basically the copper plate that can be exchanged for it will never exceed two cents.

As a banknote, it is neither backed by reserves nor a corresponding inflation response mechanism, or it will be a hell of a thing.

Hong Chengchou They are not idlers, Zhu Youzhen's book "Economy" mentioned the reasons for the collapse of the treasure banknote, in order to understand Zhu Youzhen's thoughts, they naturally also studied and knew where the reason for the collapse of the treasure banknote was.

Therefore, they actually have a certain degree of confidence in the current paper money, because from the denomination alone, paper money is not something that ordinary people can have.

If the banknotes were issued to the gentry, the gentry could only hand over the land, because they did not dare to resist the Ming court.

"Your Highness should have been preparing since the recovery of the treasure banknotes back then, right?"

Hong Chengchou suddenly opened his mouth, and everyone remembered that when the Apocalypse Tongbao issued new coins, Zhu Youzhen had ordered the treasure money to be recycled.

Now that so many years have passed, the number of treasure banknotes circulating in the Ming market is actually very small.

"Li Changgeng, how many treasure money has the dynasty recovered over the years?" Zhu Youzhen asked Li Changgeng with a smile, and he also replied:

"Since His Royal Highness ordered the recovery of treasure money, the dynasty has recovered more than 350 million treasure money......

Li Changgeng's answer and then everyone was dumbfounded, they didn't expect that the emperors of the Ming Dynasty issued so many treasure money.

You know, this is still a treasure banknote that can be preserved to the present, and other treasure banknotes that have been submerged in the long river of history are probably no less than a billion.

Zhu Youzhen's new policy can be regarded as wiping the ass of the ancestors, but fortunately, the recycling price of the treasure banknote is not high, not according to the original price, otherwise Daming would have gone bankrupt for 800 times.

"At present, there is a bank in the Ming Dynasty, and relying on the deposit in the bank to issue treasure banknotes, it is enough to deal with the ordinary gentry."

"I'm afraid that there are some gentry with too many assets who maliciously run on the imperial court and make the paper money invalid."

Hong Chengchou opened his mouth to say his thoughts, and in the face of his thoughts, Zhu Youzhen also got up and moved his body, and then said:

】

"How can they run on it? Most of the family's property became paper money, and the goods needed after immigration could only be obtained through the imperial store, and only the imperial store could eat such a large denomination of paper money. ”

"As long as there is no problem with the royal store, there will be no problem with the banknotes."

Zhu Youzhen dared to issue banknotes because the treasure banknotes had been almost recovered, and because Huangdian was the largest trading institution in the Ming Dynasty and the massive amount of gold in the gold and silver treasury.

It was only a little time before he was there, and even if he would pull the egg with his steps, he had to do it.

As long as the whole of America is won, the Ming Dynasty will control more than seventy percent of the world's gold mines, and the use of the gold standard is completely heaven's help for the Ming Dynasty.

Under the Daming Sect system, the vassal state could not mint money privately, which means that the Ming Tongbao is the only currency of nearly 250 million people under the Daming Sect system.

At present, even if you include the native people of Leviia and the Americas, the world's population is only 500 million at most.

For the Great Ming Sect system, which accounts for half of the world's population, no matter who or what kind of war is fought, it will be crushing.

If Zhu Youzhen did not consider the power of the people, then he could have conquered Eurasia, but this ineffective rule would only collapse in the future.

First eat the territory that belongs to the Ming Dynasty first, and then plot against Europe, that's what he has to do.

Thinking of this, Zhu Youzhen also looked at everyone and said: "Let the newspaper publicize the difference between this banknote and the previous banknote, and then use the banknote to buy the land in the hands of the gentry." ”

"Don't be in a hurry to distribute the land you have to the people first, and wait until the drought has passed and the people are stable."

Zhu Youzhen did not immediately divide the land this time, which made everyone unexpected.

However, thinking that he had his own ideas for what he did, everyone didn't say anything, but withdrew from the carrier hall after making a fuss, leaving only Lu Wenzhao and the three of them, who were always with Zhu Youzhen.

When they withdrew from the Carrier Palace, Daming did not stop the "abolition movement", but promoted the movement and made it more and more intense.

It's just that I don't know if it was because of the Qing Dynasty's invasion of the Central Plains, which made the Ming Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty fundamentally different.

Because the people of the Ming Dynasty were more confident, no matter how much the imperial court promoted the abolition movement, they still did not exceed the historical behavior, at most they beat the gentry, and only a small number of gentry were killed on the spot.

As soon as the gentry were killed, the newspapers and the imperial shop also publicized the rationality of the former slaves, and the "Da Ming Law" would publicize the punishment after murder.

It was only verbal propaganda, but the reality was that the soldiers and the army did not care whether the slaves killed the gentry who enslaved them.

This made some gentry who used to be mean to their slaves and beat and scolded them at every turn more cautious, and they did not dare to show any uncooperative behavior after the appearance of government officials, for fear that they would be tied up and put up signs to patrol the streets.

Under such "turmoil", many people's homes were also burglarized, and the pressure on local officials increased sharply for a while.

This lasted for three whole months, and the magistrate called it "slave rebellion," not referring to the rebellion of slaves, but to the chaos caused by the abolition of slavery.

"Seven million two hundred and seventy thousand slaves and tenants sold themselves, and more than three thousand seven hundred thousand taels of silver, and the imperial court may not be able to redeem them with so much silver."

When the three-month "slave rebellion" incident passed, Zhu Ciran in the Chunhe Palace also obtained the Ming Dynasty's book of selling slaves and tenants according to the local county government.

As a result, the population of the Ming Dynasty surged to more than 187 million, although this situation made Zhu Ciran, who was a prisoner, very happy, but he also had a headache about the ransom silver.

However, in this regard, Du Yinxi, who was standing beside him, bowed down and said:

"There was news from the Qi Wangfu early on, this time the recovery of the silver taels and the redemption of the silver will be purchased by the financial department and the gentry, I am afraid that it has already begun."

"So fast?" Hearing Gu Yinxi's words, Zhu Ciran, who only knew about the paper money a few days ago, was a little stunned.

When he walked around the people, he knew how resistant the people were to the treasure money.

One of the reasons why his Uncle Qi is praised is that he recycles treasure money, and now his Uncle Qi is about to issue a similar currency.

"This is the ...... of the Singapore dollar"

Du Yinxi said, and at the same time took out a folded note from his sleeve.

When this banknote appeared, Zhu Ciran's eyes lit up.

Unlike the Ming banknotes, which can be identified by writing, the Ming Dynasty's ten taels of banknotes are pictures.

On the front of the banknote is a portrait of the Emperor of the Apocalypse that can be seen by government students when they look up, with the traditional characters "Ten Taels" written in the upper left and upper right corners, and the eight characters "Daming Bank" and "Daming Tongbao" written at the top and bottom respectively.

Flipping to the back, a drawing representing the Forbidden City appears, as well as the Arabic numeral "10".

"This touch is really different from the treasure banknote, and the ink doesn't seem to be easy to fall off."

Zhu Ciran touched the banknote in his hand and couldn't help nodding.

It can be seen that he is very satisfied with this banknote, and the plug Yinxi next to him also took the opportunity to say:

"This banknote seems to be a sharp weapon for His Royal Highness the King of Qi to deal with the gentry, after all, the denomination is so large, it is difficult for the people to get involved."

The influence of the Ming treasure banknote on the people is because its denomination is closely related to the lives of the people, and the denomination of the treasure banknote is divided into 100 Wen, 200 Wen, 300 Wen, 500 Wen and consistently.

For the people who can earn more than a dozen taels a year at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, they can access these banknotes, so when the Ming Dynasty printed treasure money, the people who were most affected were naturally the people.

But Zhu Youzhen was not ready to do this, but used paper money to harvest the gentry first, and then slowly spread it to the people.

For the Ming people whose annual income per household is only twenty or thirty taels, paper money with a face value of ten taels of silver is difficult for them to access, as long as it is not overdiscriminate, it will not have much impact on their lives.

"Alright, put it away, we won't need this thing when we travel."

Zhu Ciran played with the banknote for a while, and then returned it to Du Yinxi.

Hearing this, Du Yinxi couldn't help laughing and said: "Every time I go out, His Royal Highness pays the silver, which makes me feel a little embarrassed." ”

As soon as he said this, Zhang Xiu, Liu Shun, Li Yongzhen and others next to him couldn't help laughing, because it was true.

"I'm taller, not to mention that it doesn't cost a few pennies to go out."

Zhu Ciran responded indifferently, his salary is indeed high, although the prince has no grade, but according to the first grade, he will be paid three thousand taels of silver.

In addition, the crown princess also has an annual salary of 3,000 taels of silver, so in the East Palace, the income of their husband and wife is 6,000 taels of silver.

In this regard, Zhu Ciran is already very content, after all, he has seen the situation of the people, even the people in Yunnan, Sichuan and other places, the richest people have an annual income of only 40 taels per household.

The annual income of his husband and wife in the East Palace is already the income of wealthy people for more than a hundred years.

Thinking of this, Zhu Ciran naturally also thought of his crown princess.

The crown princess was chosen by Zhang Yan for him, and her beauty naturally doesn't need to be described too much, as for the family, she is only the daughter of a hundred officials in Jinyiwei, and she is not a big family.

This kind of concubine selection situation is more suitable for the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Ciran is also very satisfied with the crown princess, and has always wanted to take her to see Uncle Qi Wang, but it is difficult to get out because of government affairs.

"How is Sun Kewang over there?"

Zhu Ciran did not forget Sun Kewang, and mentioned him after laughing.

In this regard, Du Yinxi also smiled and said: "The matter in Jiangnan has caused many people to move, and in the past three months, there have been as many as 420,000 people in Anxi, and there are more than 3,000 people in Shanshan County. ”

"I heard that Anxi recently asked the imperial court for 30,000 tractors, I don't know if His Royal Highness King Qi will agree."

"It should be ......" Zhu Ciran said without thinking: "At present, the largest area that can grow crops in the Western Regions is Anxi Mansion in Anxi, and Anxi Mansion alone can reclaim no less than 30 million mu of cultivated land, which can support tens of millions of people. ”

"Although Uncle Qi Wang also said that the population of Anxi should not exceed two million, and the population of Beiting should not exceed one million, the population will always grow."

"Even if we take the land in the river later, I am afraid that we will not be able to share the local population."

Zhu Ciran talked to himself, but he found a loophole and reminded in time: "The land in the river, I'm afraid it will be two or three years." ”

"After all, His Royal Highness King Qi is only three years away......

"......" Du Yinxi reminded Zhu Ciran of the things he didn't want to recall, which made him frown.

Just frowned, and then he sighed again: "That's it......"

I don't know what the "just that" in his mouth means, Du Yinxi, Liu Shun and others stopped talking when they saw that he was in a bad mood, and Zhu Ciran also lowered his head to deal with the mountain of songs.

At present, he and Zhu Youzhen cooperate very well, he is responsible for handling the details of the side branches, and Zhu Youzhen is responsible for taking the helm and formulating general policies.

As for Zhu Youxiao in Nanjing, it was enough for him to stay in Nanjing and deter the Jiangnan gentry.

"Bang Bang Bang-"

Almost at the same time that the Ming Dynasty was trying to snatch land and population from the gentry, a horrific massacre broke out in the Transoxiana region of Central Asia.

On the tenth day of September, before the winter snow fell, Lin Dan Khan led his troops to attack the Ferghana River valley and snatched up the largest "oasis" in Central Asia.

As the gateway to the Ferghana Valley, Bukhara, the capital of the Bukhara Khanate, had long since fallen, and the Great Khan of Bukhara fled south to Safibos.

In the face of the invasion of Lin Dan Khan, Safavid Persia was unable to encircle and suppress, only because Abbas the Great, who despised Xu Xiake, died early, and now his son Safid is in power.

Safavid was brutal and reserved, only eighteen years old when he succeeded to the throne, but he ruthlessly eliminated anyone who could threaten his power.

He executed almost all the princes of the Safavid royal family, as well as the courtiers and generals of great merit, leaving the nobles within the dynasty trembling for fear of being captured and executed if they were not careful.

Seeing Safavid's incompetence, Murad IV of the Ottoman Empire invaded western Persia in the 10th and 14th years of the Apocalypse, and recaptured Baghdad in the 18th year of the Apocalypse.

In the nineteenth year of the Apocalypse, the two sides sat down to sign the peace treaty, but the Mughal Shah Jahan, who had run into walls everywhere on the side of the small Western vassals, took the opportunity to seize Kandahar.

At present, Safavid is seeking to recover Kandahar, and he has no idea that he sees it as the middle of the Gobi Desert.

Safavid Persia was reluctant to make a move, and the Ming were recuperating, and this environment allowed Lin Dan Khan to expand.

He firmly occupied the territory that had belonged to the Bukhara Khanate, and took the Kazakh Khanate's Lesser Yuz.

Now in front of him, only the "backward" Khiva Khanate and the Kazakh Middle Yuz and Great Yuz are left.

Together, these three divisions had only forty or fifty thousand cavalry, and few were heavily armoured.

After years of accumulation, Lin Dan Khan's side barely pulled out tens of thousands of heavy armored cavalry, more than 20,000 double-armored cavalry, and 20,000 light cavalry.

With 50,000 cavalry, plus the rich Ferghana Valley, Lindan Khan was confident that he would be able to finish off the Kazakhs and Khivas in three years.

"Winter is coming, have a good rest for a year, and next year we can try to take down the Turdi of Zhongyuzi."

Holding his helmet and walking into a noble mansion in Uzgen City, Lin Dan Khan turned his back to Subu Di and the others behind him and spoke, and then sat on the main seat.

Subudi and others sat on the ground one after another, and Lin Dan Khan also said:

"I can conquer the river, but I don't want to."

Forty-eight-year-old Lin Danhan is no longer the political idiot who was fooled back and forth by Zhu Youzhen, after so many years of experience, he can see that Zhu Youzhen wants to use his hand to eliminate the Semu and Hui people in the Hezhong area.

Therefore, he will not be so stupid to fight the Khivas, and his focus will be on the Kazakh Khanate, as well as the Rakshasas in the northwest of the Kazakh Khanate.

After occupying the northern part of the river, he annexed the Crimean Khanate, and then he would have at least 100,000 men under his command.

100,000 cavalry, enough for him to conquer this extreme west.

However, the problem now is still the siege, so Lin Dan Khan looked up at Subudi:

"Those craftsmen captured from the Ming Dynasty haven't solved the artillery matter yet?"

"No......" Subi shook his head: "They were originally blacksmiths in a market town, and it was too difficult for them to make artillery. ”

"I still think we should go to the realm of the Rakshasas in the north and grab some artisans to make artillery."

"If you can't do it, you can rob the people in the south."

Lin Dan Khan, who had suffered too much loss from Daming firearms, finally remembered to use artillery to attack the city, which was one of the few advances he had made in the past eight years.

"Is there any change in the Ming army east of Green Ridge and Broken Leaf City?"

Perhaps it was driven away by the Ming army so badly that it left a shadow, Lin Dan Khan specifically asked about the movement of the Ming army.

In this regard, Su Budi shook his head: "There is no change, but the situation is not good." ”

"They have migrated tens of thousands of people to cultivate in Shattered Leaf City, and there is a rumbling sound every day, not like the sound of cannons."

"Our men tried to see it, but they were all beaten back by their cavalry."

"Tens of thousands? How did you migrate? "Hearing that the Ming army had actually moved 10,000 people to Shattered Leaf City in such a short period of time, Lin Dan Khan and many Taiji couldn't believe it.

Even if they wanted to move the population from Mobei to Broken Leaf City, it would take a year, as a Han people who mainly farmed, how could they move so many people over in such a quick time?

"I don't know, but looking at that kind and speed, I'm afraid it won't take three or five years to send thousands of troops relying on Broken Leaf Town."

Subudi's words made many Taiji excited, and Lin Danhan was even more nervous when he heard this.

"It seems that we can only speed up the pace of the westward expedition." Lin Danhan couldn't sit still and stood up:

"At the beginning of spring next year, we will take Kazakhstan!"

"Yes!" Everyone hugged their chests and saluted, at this moment Lin Dan Khan had a bit of the posture of the lord of Mongolian Zhongxing, but the territory was a little pitiful......