Ma Whistle lived in Joule's villa for many days, and in addition to writing papers, he also read them frequently, and Joule's collection of journals was very rich, at least much richer than his collection.

Looking at these ancient journals is not without its gains.

For example, at this point he found an interesting paper, a paper on electronics.

Yes, electrons.

The discovery of electrons was fifty years later, but in fact, the existence of such subatomic particles had already been postulated, and it was quite close to the truth, such as mentioning the transfer of electrons between atoms.

Not surprisingly, however, no one paid any attention to this brain-opening paper.

The author, Richard Laming, is also just a physics enthusiast, or civil science, and his main profession is a doctor.

Unlike later generations, the civil sciences of the nineteenth century could still make achievements - mainly because the science of this era was relatively simple, and ordinary people with a little foundation could really come up with something with a pat on their heads.

However, civil science is still not taken seriously, as is Dr. Lamin's paper, as is Joule's questioning experience.

A nineteenth-century civil scientist who came up with the idea of electronics fifty years in advance may sound legendary.

However, in the history of science, similar situations are quite common, and many innovative theories will have some "signs" or "omens" before they are officially born, and sudden scientific progress may be really rare.

On the road of searching for the truth, mankind has taken many detours.

"Joule, I find this article interesting, you can take a look at it." Horse Whistle handed Lamin's paper to Joule.

Although the book was Joule, he obviously hadn't read it, at least not impressed: "Subatomic particles? ”

"Frankly, I don't think it's a very meaningful idea, it's just a hypothesis, and it's not hard to think of." He put down the journal, apparently not caring about the content of the article.

Ma Whistle casually asked, "Do you think the atom is really indivisible?" ”

"Maybe." Joule was noncommittal, "What do you think?" ”

Ma Whistle: "I think the division itself is more worthy of attention, and people's understanding of the process of 'division' is still very shallow. ”

Joule: "So you think atoms can continue to be divided?" ”

"That's right." Ma Whistle nodded, "Of course, I also believe that there should be an indivisible basic unit in the world. ”

Joule: "What could an indivisible elementary particle, not an atom, be?" ”

Ma Whistle: "I don't know, but it must exist." The process that can be repeated indefinitely in logic must have an end in reality, and the logical division can be carried out indefinitely, and half of it will be taken in a day, and it will never be inexhaustible, but this is certainly not the case in reality. ”

The words sent Joule deep in thought.

For a moment, he couldn't help but nod his head again and again: "A process that can be logically repeated infinitely must have an end in reality - this sentence is wonderful!" You are such a genius natural philosopher. ”

As he spoke, he brought another bottle of beer, poured it for himself and the horse, and took a sip.

Immediately, his expression couldn't help but twist, as if he was wearing a mask of pain: "Damn, this bottle of beer is sour!" ”

Ma Whistle didn't hear his reminder in time, and also took a sip, naturally feeling the sourness and viscosity in the wine: "This taste is really ...... Unforgettable. ”

"As a brewer, that's the thing I hate the most." Joule poured the beer away, "Why does beer turn sour?" ”

Ma Whistle listened and muttered, "I think it may be caused by bacteria." ”

"Bacteria?"

Ma Whistle thought for a moment: "I thought of an experiment that might prove some of my ideas about bacteria, and at the same time solve the problem of beer sourness." ”

Joule's eyes lit up: "Really? ”

He seems to prefer experiments to theories, and the fact that experiments are closely related to his factory naturally makes him more interested.

"What experiment?" He hurriedly asked.

Ma Whistle: "It's very simple, microorganisms can be killed by heating, and if the beer is sour because of bacteria, we can avoid this problem by heating it." ”

Joule: "But when the beer is heated, the taste inevitably deteriorates...... Even if it succeeds, it seems to be a bit more than worth the cost. ”

"We can control the temperature and time of heating to minimize damage to the taste of the beer." Ma Whistle said.

The experiment he talked about was actually the famous pasteurization method in later generations.

Pasteurization originated from the solution to the problem of beer acidity, and later borrowed from milk and other fields.

"Well, it's at least worth a try." Joule nodded.

The two then began experiments, which were basically the same as those designed by Pasteur in history.

First, they used a microscope to look inside the beer, and then, unsurprisingly, they saw a colony of lactobacilli.

These rod-shaped microorganisms writhe and writh in the beer, looking like maggots.

Joule was apparently seeing this thing for the first time, and was immediately disgusted: "Oh my God, what have I been drinking?" ”

"Microscopes are a good thing." "If you use it to observe things a lot, you can see that this tiny, disgusting-looking creature can be found in almost all areas, whether it's wine or water. ”

The two observed for a moment.

Ma Whistle: "Alright, let's record all these little things, and then officially start our experiment." ”

After recording the lactobacilli, Ma Whistle divided the same batch of beer into several groups and heated them at different temperatures and at different times to find a balance between sterilization and consumption.

And, of course, the control group, i.e. the beer that was not processed at all.

Once the heating was complete, they looked at the beer again and regrouped it into two groups, one with lactobacilli and one without.

"Now, let's just wait." "As long as I have the idea that it's okay, these clean-cleaned beers won't spoil for a long time, and then we choose the least heated and best-tasting group from them, and that's the perfect beer in the world." ”

While he waited, he also wrote this experiment and his theory of bacteria into a paper entitled "The Dangers and Treatment of Bacteria", which was then published along with the paper on the first law of thermodynamics.

For this paper on bacteria, Ma Whistle also wanted Joule to sign it at first, but Joule refused.

"I didn't contribute anything to this paper, and I shouldn't be the author of it." Joule said.

Ma Whistle smiled: "At least you provided me with beer." ”

Joule waved his hand and said, "These beers are not worth mentioning. If you're right, my brewery will undoubtedly benefit from it, and I should pay you a sum of money. ”