A "Three Kingdoms"

10,000 points of Jinglun

The world rises and falls

You prosper and I decline

With the separatist forces, you fight for each other

dripping the joy and sorrow of the people of Nali.

Two "Romances"

All kinds of colors

Anecdotes in the world

Strange

Accompanied by the deceit of the emperor and the general

dripping the joy and sorrow of the people of Nali.

Luo Guanzhong, the author of one of China's earliest historical novels and one of the four famous works of Chinese classical literature, "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", is a famous book, a character in Guanzhong, and also known as Huhai Sanren, which can be called the originator of Chinese Zhanghui novels. Based on Chen Shou's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and folklore, Luo Guanzhong's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is based on the theme of warlord melee in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, the chaos in the world, and the mutual conquest of the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu with Cao Cao, Liu Bei, and Sun Quan as emperors. narrates one after another relatively independent but linked, end-to-end vivid twists, intricate and gripping storylines; It has created many characters with distinctive personalities, outstanding characteristics and lifelike characters, which have a deep, far-reaching and wide impact on later generations. Some storytellers and singers make up drum books and sing lyrics, and rap between tea houses and wine shops; Some theatrical artists make up their highlights into dramas and put them on the stage with facial makeup; Until modern times, some film and television creators have compiled it into a TV series, and stars have played important characters on the screen; What's more, some funny artists carefully consider every word, carefully study, and repeatedly scrutinize, insisting on "picking bones in eggs", checking omissions, finding mistakes, and buttoning seams everywhere, compiling and performing many "Jokes about the Three Kingdoms" cross talk and sketches, which are hilarious, but it is not only interesting but also reasonable to taste, for example, the surnames of the characters that cannot be found in the whole book, but from "both Shengyu, He Shengliang" deduced that Zhou Yu was born to Ji, Zhuge Liang was born to He, and Zhang Fei's mother's surname was Wu from "Nothing to do", etc.; More are some folk nameless people, or hollow out their minds, or boil down and refine, accumulate over time, so that wonderful stories and typical characters form some idioms, colloquialisms, and afterwords, enriching the language and highlighting the vivid language expression ability, such as, "Do your best, and die", "Three stinkers top one Zhuge Liang", "Liu Bei's rivers and mountains are more and more stable the more they cry", "Liu Bei falls - buying people's hearts", "Sima Zhao's heart, passers-by know", "I don't watch "Three Kingdoms" and "Water Margin" ......

Of course, later generations have many critics of Luo Guanzhong's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and even Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms", and the most criticized is the "orthodox" theory. At the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, Chen Shouxiu's "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" was orthodox with Wei. Miao Yue said in the "Preface" written for the "Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms": "The so-called 'orthodoxy' is completely in the service of feudal rule, explaining the rationality of the regime at that time, its standard of right and wrong, and weighing whether it is beneficial to the feudal rule at that time. The Western Jin Dynasty inherited Wei, and the Northern Wei Dynasty inherited Zhou, and the capital was built in the Central Plains, so the historians at that time all took Wei as orthodox; …… This kind of debate about right and wrong does not seem to us much in our eyes today. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Luo Guanzhong's compilation of "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" took Han and Liu as orthodox. In the "Preface" written for "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Nie Yunxuan said: """Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has a viewpoint, what to support and what to oppose, who is the positive character and who is the negative character, it is very clear. So, what is its point of view? It is the world of the Han family. Even if the Han family can't do it, the emperor should be made by someone surnamed Liu, and people with other surnames can't win the title! In case the Han family is usurped by another surname, and someone with another surname Liu rises, then the surname Liu is orthodox, and the other surname is just usurpation......"

There is no need to dispute the author's position, whether it is the historical book "Three Kingdoms" or the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", they all stand on the position of the feudal ruling class that represents the interests of the landlord class. Their views on historical events and their praise and disapproval of historical figures are all from the standpoint of safeguarding the interests of the ruling class, and they praise loyal ministers, good generals, virtuous people, and righteous men, which is to set an example and select talents for the ruling class; To lash out at the mediocre, traitorous, stupid, and gangsters is to hate iron and steel, and to clean the door for the ruling class; To denounce the peasant rebels, who could not bear the oppression and exploitation, as "thieves" is to denounce them in writing and to help the ruling class put them to death. This position of the authors is inseparable from the times in which they live, their status, identity and other factors, that is, what we call "limitations", and there is no need to blame them too much.

In view of this stance, coupled with the tortuous and complex and fierce class struggle that took place in the peasant uprising and the suppression of the ruling class, the struggle for power and profit within the ruling class group, and even the war between the separatist forces to expand their sphere of influence for territory, there is only victory and defeat, and there is no right or wrong, that is, the view that "the victor is the prince and the loser is the thief", it is reasonable for the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" to slander Zhang Jiao and other rebel armies as "thieves". However, it seems inappropriate to say that Zhang Jiao "is not a good talent". It's not that the author deliberately belittled Zhang Jiao's IQ in order to create a negative character image, but in the era when Zhang Jiao lived, it was to exclude the corrupt politics of "selling official beards", and to implement "filial piety and honesty". Without the imperial examination, where would the talent come from, and there would be no "first" and "not first". It is to stand on the people's standpoint and portray Zhang Jiao as a tall and positive figure, and it is also inappropriate to use "rise up, people who do not want to be slaves ,......" as his ballad calling for a peasant uprising.

Later literary and historical commentators, according to the "Jin Shu Chen Shou Biography", have quite controversial praise and criticism of historical figures in the "Chronicles" and "Romances". For example, some people say that Chen Shou did not set up a biography for him because of the "Suomi attempt"; Chen Shou's father joined the army for Ma Tan, and the lost street pavilion was punished by Zhuge Liang, implicating Shou's father to be punished. In addition, Zhuge Zhan despised Chen Shou, and Chen Shou set up a biography for Zhuge Liang, saying that "Liang General is slightly not long, and there is no talent to respond to the enemy", and said that "Zhan Wei Gongshu is too famous", which seems to be derogatory. However, more scholars judged the reason, raised objections, and defended Chen Shou, and gradually made it clear that the Book of Jin. The two things ridiculed by Chen Shou are not credible.

In fact, Chen Shou in "Three Kingdoms" "The only one who is important is Zhuge Wuhou,...... He spared no effort in his praise." Chen Shou compiled Zhuge Liang's works into 24 articles of "Zhuge Liang's Collection", and made a performance in the imperial court. made a fair evaluation of Zhuge Liang, that is, praising his "talent of the Yi group and the spirit of heroism", and also pointed out that he "governs the army for the long, the strategy is short, and the work of the people is better than the general", and said that Zhuge Liang "The last words of the voice are all comprehensive things, and the heart of sincerity is in the form of literature and ink, which is enough to know the meaning of others and make up for the world". Despite this, "Jin Shu * Chen Shou Biography" still revealed the matter of Zhuge Liang's punishment of Shou Shou's father, which caused many controversies among later literary historians and critics.

Fortunately, Luo Guanzhong, who lived in the next 1,000 years, had no blood relationship with Zhuge Liang or Chen Shou, nor did he have any disputes, and stood in the middle to dissolve his system. Luo Guanzhong's "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is even more highly respected and appreciated by Zhuge Liang. Luo Guanzhong's Zhuge Liang is known to the world before he is a fledgling, followed by the burning of Xinye, the tongue battle group Confucianism, the straw boat borrowing arrows, the star altar sacrifice wind, the wisdom of Huarong, the three qi Zhou Yu, skillfully arranging the eight arrays, the wisdom of the bones, outwitting Chengdu City, scolding Wang Lang before the battle, the empty city retreating Sima, after his death, he also retired with puppets, killed Wei Yan with a bag,...... Zhuge Liang in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" became the embodiment of wisdom and the image of gods. Lu Xun's "A Brief History of Chinese Novels" said that "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is "wise and close to demons".

Writing historical novels is different from cultivating historical books, and engaging in historical research is to originate from life, be higher than life, shape the typical characters in typical environments, and use exaggeration and even fiction to enrich the image of the characters. The "Preface" written by Nie Xuanxuan for "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" quotes Su Shi's "Nian Nu Jiao. Chibi Nostalgia" said after the words, except for Xiao Qiao, ""Romance of the Three Kingdoms" took every sentence of Zhou Yu's words such as 'Lupine Scarf' to Zhuge Liang, and dressed Zhuge Liang first. ...... "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has many ways to express Zhuge Liang,...... Almost everything that is bad is a good thing. ”

Zhuge Liang used the wrong person and lost the street pavilion. But he dared to admit his mistake, slashed the horse with tears, and punished himself. Then he skillfully used an empty city plan to deceive Sima Yi and avoid greater losses. "Victory or defeat is a common thing in soldiers", knowing that mistakes can be corrected, and good is great! In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Luo Guanzhong narrated and described the lost street pavilion, the horse slashing, and the empty city plan, not only deliberately using "a wise man must make a mistake in a thousand considerations" to cover up Zhuge Liang's mistake of negligence in employing people, but also praised Zhuge Liang's strict military discipline, daring to discipline himself, and cleverly retreating from the enemy, turning bad things into good things, enriching Zhuge Liang's image from the other side, and setting an example for managers.

Zhuge Liang is a human being, not a god, otherwise how could he not "anticipate things like a god" and see that when he slashed Ma Jian with tears, he was involved in Ma Tan's joining the army, that is, the father of Chen Shou, the author of "Three Kingdoms", not only punished him, but also demoted him to the people, giving birth to a "smart and sensitive, rich and beautiful" genius, and wrote a masterpiece of historiography after the "Historical Records" and "Hanshu". What Zhuge Liang didn't expect was that Chen Shou's father, who was tortured back then, turned out to be the "Book of Jin. While affirming the value of "Three Kingdoms", Chen Shou accused Chen Shou of "unfair" attitude. Luo Guanzhong not only covered up Zhuge Liang's fatal mistakes, but also praised his mistakes as "do your best and die", which has become an idiom for future generations to boast about themselves or praise those who are "diligent, hard-working, and resentful".

There is no day when it doesn't rain, and there is no one who doesn't make mistakes. "If a person is not a sage, who can do nothing", "Knowing mistakes can be corrected, and good is great". Didn't someone say that the dead make mistakes? When a man dies, he buries a big grave and competes with his descendants for arable land. However, this mistake of the dead is forced to be made by the living, not the fault of the dead. Moreover, future generations can also use flat graves or other methods to correct this mistake. And the mistakes made by Zhuge Liang under the cover of "doing his best and dying" were even fatal mistakes. It is caused by subjective reasons and is irreversible.

Liu Bei looked at the thatched cottage three times, and Zhuge Liang was appointed to the defeated army, and was ordered to assist Liu Bei in founding Shu Han in accordance with the plan of "Longzhong Pair", so that the world became a three-third trend of Wei, Shu and Wu. After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang was supposed to renovate the internal affairs, recuperate, strengthen the country and enrich the people, and wait for the opportunity to try to unify. However, in order to realize Liu Bei's last wish to be orphaned in his lifetime, he ignored the reality of the hardships of the people who fought for many years, and the soldiers were tired of the reality of the decline of fighting morale. Because of Zhuge Liang's sad and lamentable fatal mistake, after he "did his best and died", he led to the destruction of Shu and the capture of Liu Chan, creating a thousand-year-old laughing stock of "happy and unhappy Shu". It is a pity that "dragons give birth to dragons, phoenixes give birth to phoenixes, and mice will make holes when they are born" is not true, otherwise, Liu Zen, the son of Liu Bei, will gather the descendants of the princes and princes of the Han Dynasty after Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty, to dig the grave and whip the corpse, ask Zhuge Liang for an explanation, and then call on the Liu family to restore the Han family and inherit the "orthodoxy".

In addition, later commentators also pointed out that some "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and even "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" omitted major events and important figures in that period, such as Zhang Zhongjing and Hua Tuo were both outstanding famous doctors at the same time, only Hua Tuo was seen, but Zhang Zhongjing was not seen; Ma Jun was the "famous craftsman in the world" at that time, but he did not mention it; There are also some famous literary and artistic masters in history, such as the literary achievements of the Jian'an period. When it comes to promoting social progress and economic development, and even the impact on the lives of people in later generations, it is no less than those emperors and generals who fought on the battlefield and seized cities and land. Some people also raised objections to the unreasonable and chaotic connection of some storylines in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", and the layout of individual plots and the choice of words and sentences did not conform to modern rules. With nearly a hundred years of history, so many major events, so many harlequins, red, black and white pollen-faced characters, and more than 700,000 words of masterpieces, it is really difficult for a strong man to make every sentence reasonable and accurate.

Although "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" stands on the standpoint of the feudal ruling class, and there are feudal dregs such as advocating idealistic view of history, the doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven, and loyalty to the monarch, it cannot affect its position in the history of Chinese literature, and its literary value and influence on later generations cannot be denied. "Historical Song" commented:

Luo Guanzhong, an outstanding writer, lived in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties. According to history and legends, the novel "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is compiled.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, during the Three Kingdoms, the warlords were fighting and the people were uneasy. The author uses this as a theme to show the scenes of struggle.

Fought against each other, Wei Shu Wu, Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan. Wisdom incarnates Zhuge Liang, and heroes emerge in an endless stream.

The vivid battle example is outnumbered, and the enemy is annihilated by the weak and the strong. The twists and turns of the story are vivid, and the characters are lifelike.

There are many intricate struggles, and social unrest wars are frequent. The people suffered from turmoil, and the feudal rule was violent and greedy.

The idealistic view of history and the doctrine of destiny, and the idea of loyalty to the monarch are proclaimed at the same time.

The reason why "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has a far-reaching influence on later generations and can be widely circulated is that in addition to its literary value, it has turned the ancient and difficult classical Chinese into popular literature that is appreciated by Yapu. In the "Preface" written by Nie Hongwu for the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", he first affirmed and attributed it to the first merit, of course, the rap of the folk language, the spread of the oral language, and the further transformation of the written language into a popular oral language, have played a positive impact and a great role in promoting the popularization and popularization of modern and even modern literary language.

The impact of an excellent novel on the public often exceeds the value of the author's own existence, a small number of researchers plus many literature lovers, who know Luo Guanzhong is still far less than those who know "Three Kingdoms", Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, and even Liu Bei, Cao Cao and other typical images, deeply imprinted in people's minds. Speaking of "Three Kingdoms", if you can't name a few characters, you may be regarded as less educated, uneducated, and even illiterate people who can't read and write know how to worship "Guan Ye".

When you say "Three Kingdoms", he talks about "Three Kingdoms"; You sing "Three Kingdoms", and he plays "Three Kingdoms"; You commented on "Three Kingdoms", and in his "Three Kingdoms" boom in "Three Kingdoms", "I" is missing. "I" was not willing to be just a bystander, thinking about it, so I reversed my position, changed my angle, followed in the footsteps of Luo, picked up some shells behind him, and then went to the history library to get some treasures, pieced together, engraved and carved, and connected them in the language of the people, and compiled them into "The Three Kingdoms", which may be able to dig out some new people and new things, and emerge new models; Tear away the veils of some of the pretenders and reveal their true colors; Dress up some people's masks to give them a new look...... So "I" made use of my strengths and avoided my weaknesses, picked up the missing along the way, inserted the pen in the seams, plugged the leaks, twisted and corrected the mistakes, abandoned the false and kept the true, went to the false and sought the truth, picked up the essence, eliminated the dross, and according to the routine of "words" and "decomposition" of the chapter back novel, I saw through again and again another scene that was closer to the historical facts and closer to the life of that era.