Chapter 57 The Imperial Court Discussion and Politics The Conscription System
On May 29 of the sixth year of Xuanhe (1124 AD), the vertical arch hall of the imperial city of Beijing, today is the first normal inner court meeting since I ascended the throne, the inner court will belong to the court meeting of the imperial court, which is generally held in the vertical arch hall of the inner court, and many court officials hold the outer court meeting, which is held in the Wende Hall outside according to the convention. The hall is full of important ministers of the court during the reign of the old man, Tong Guan, Cai Mao, Cai Jing, Bai Shizhong, Yu Wencuizhong, Zhang Bangchang, Zhao Ye, Liang Shicheng, Wang Hao, Cai You, Tan Zhi, Li Yan and others. After the important ministers saluted, I looked at the people in the court, and I couldn't help but feel a lot of emotion, they were all extremely human ministers, and the power leaned towards the government and the opposition, among which Cai Mao, Tong Guan, and Tan Zhi of the Privy Council were mainly responsible for military aspects, especially Tong Guan had a military career of nearly 20 years, and had a relatively high influence in the border army and the imperial forbidden army, while Cai Jing and Bai Shizhong's main direction was to have a lot of political experience at the economic level, and the specific court affairs were handled by Wang Huang, Zhang Bangchang, Yu Wencuizhong, Zhao Ye and others, like Liang Shicheng, Li Bangyan, Cai You has a decisive influence on the court situation, and Li Yan is in charge of Ouchi.
After looking at the ministers, I said to them: Today is the first time that I have officially convened a meeting of the Inner Court, mainly to discuss with you the general policies of the future court in terms of military, political, economic, and diplomatic affairs, so as to establish the direction of the new court. I reiterate once again today that I can not blame you for your past affairs in the court, and I hope that you will do your best to assist me in the future, but from today onwards, if anyone dares to defy the law again and disregard the well-being of the court and the people, I will be severely held accountable.
For the pardon of their previous crimes, this is also a compromise move that there is no way at present, after all, many government affairs have to rely on the cooperation of these people, and there is no team of their own cronies, after all, the time is too short, and the old man is still on the way to Hangzhou, if the so-called traitorous ministers start political liquidation at this time, it will inevitably hurt the hearts of the old man and the ministers, plus I also promised in front of the old man before, and I will not pursue the previous matter, Another point is that in the Taimiao, it is caused by the testament of Taizu and so on. In fact, as a person in power, it is not wise to simply kill, and to make full use of their strengths and talents to serve the court and the people is the best choice, because behind them all represent a court force or a social class, after all, it is not easy to climb to this position in the court. Drawing a clear line for them is what I am going to do now, and if they dare to do evil in the future, they will be severely punished. This is a warning and an ultimatum, and I believe they can understand and listen to it, and they know that all the power and position they currently have is based on the authority of the royal family, and they are nothing without me, the emperor.
After hearing my words, all the ministers of His Highness bowed their heads and bowed their hands and said in unison: "Your Excellency, please obey the holy command. After all, I had met them one by one before, and some of them had communicated privately, so they didn't have any opinions at this time, and they knew my warnings. Seeing this, I nodded with satisfaction and continued: First of all, in the military aspect, if you have any opinions or suggestions on the current policies implemented by the imperial court, you may wish to talk openly. All the ministers leaned down in reply.
Tong Guan stood up at this time and bowed his head and bowed his hand and saluted: Qi Yu Emperor, the lower officials have been in charge of military affairs for a long time, and I have a little experience in this regard. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, Taizu has profoundly learned the lessons of the "Chenqiao Mutiny" and tried every possible way to eliminate all kinds of shortcomings since the Five Dynasties, so as not to repeat the short-lived fate of the five generations of countries. Therefore, all the political measures of Taizu Zhao Kuangyin are carried out around this theme principle, in the words of Taizong Zhao Guangyi, that is, "things are prevented, and bends are systematized", and everything or system must contain each other. In the military aspect, the conscription system was established as an immutable national policy.
Therefore, the current army of the imperial court is divided into four types: forbidden army, box army, township soldier, and fan soldier. The Forbidden Army, also known as the regular soldiers, is responsible for defending the country and fighting wars, and belongs to the regular army of the country. The members of the Xiang Army were mainly soldiers who were not burly enough and not strong enough to be incorporated into the forbidden army or eliminated by the forbidden army. The Xiang army is generally only responsible for miscellaneous duties in Zhulu, prefecture, and county, and is not used for combat. From the point of view of organizational structure, the forbidden army and the box army are formal armies recruited by the government and given a certain amount of money and clothing on a monthly, sectional or annual basis, and are the main components of the conscription system. Township soldiers and Fan soldiers are a supplement to the country's regular army. At present, the imperial court's township soldiers are mainly on the border roads with Jin and Western Xia, or in the roads where ethnic minorities live in large concentrations, and sometimes in some areas of the interior. The soldiers were composed of Ding Zhuang in the so-called "familiar households" who were more sinicized and had a good relationship with the Han people among the Qiang tribes on the northwest border. Compared with the forbidden army, the township soldiers and the shogunate soldiers were recruited by drawing and recruiting, not recruited by the imperial court, although in some specific periods, the imperial court also needed to give them a certain amount of material subsidies, but they basically could not be included in the scope of the conscription system, at best it was a supplement to the conscription system. In general, what the imperial court has realized at present is a military service system based on the conscription system, supplemented by the conscription system.
The problem now is that the imperial court recruits mainly homeless and hungry people. In order to prevent the disaster victims from causing rebellion, the imperial court would recruit soldiers every year of famine, and integrate the displaced people and disaster victims into the government's army, so that the potential threat could be transformed into a force to maintain law and order and protect the country. Although the imperial court's policy of recruiting soldiers in disaster years temporarily stabilized society, it also brought huge hidden dangers such as the low quality of military soldiers.
When recruiting soldiers, the imperial court mainly measured height and physical strength, in addition to this, the applicant's running and jumping movements and eyesight were also tested. According to the standards currently set by the imperial court, those who meet the conditions are divided into the upper, middle, and lower forbidden armies and the box army. The upper forbidden soldiers have the highest height requirements, and the military is also the highest, and the height of the middle forbidden soldiers and the lower forbidden soldiers are equal to the military salaries.
First of all, the principle of voluntary conscription testing is carried out, and local governments and individuals shall not coerce against their personal will to force conscription, of which the height standard is: 5 feet 8 inches (about 1.8 meters) is above the upper class, 5 feet 5 inches (about 1.7 meters) or more is qualified, and those who are less than 5 feet 5 inches will be given the strength to try the bow, if it is one or two inches lower, it will be ordered to shoot eight bucket bows, three inches lower, and nine bucket bows, and there will be a test of eyesight: use a wooden arm as a testing tool, take 20 steps with your fingers, and try it with one eye.
Those who pass the test have characters tattooed on their sideburns or arms, and the tattooed characters are generally the numbers of the forbidden army or the box army. Then they gave money, clothing, and clothing. The tall and strong were assigned to the forbidden army, and the short and weak were incorporated into the chamber army. On the first day of enlistment, the soldiers of the forbidden army can receive more than ten guan, and the soldiers of the box army each receive about six guan.
The monthly salary of the soldiers of the forbidden army is divided into five grades, with a minimum of 300 wen, 500 wen, 700 wen, 900 wen, and 1,000 wen. The monthly salary of the soldiers of the Xiangjun Army who received military training was 300 Wen, 400 Wen, 500 Wen, etc. Rations: Each soldier generally has a monthly ration of no less than two stones (enough to feed a family of five). Clothing: Clothes are issued twice a year, and clothes are given in spring and winter with silk cotton or silk cloth and coins.
Subsidy: The border army subsidizes another monthly ration, and silver and shoes are given quarterly. Rewards for suburban rituals: All three-year-old ceremonies (sacrifices on the outskirts of the city of Beijing every three years) have gifts and gifts. Festival subsidy: There are special expenses (rewards) for cold food, Dragon Boat Festival and winter solstice every year. Special weather subsidy: firewood and charcoal money and snow cold money are distributed in December and New Year every year. Special station subsidy: those in Lingnan will increase their monthly salary, and those from Sichuan and Guangbian will be given subsidies. Special Arms Allowance: Soldiers are paid quarterly for hard work. In total, a soldier earns no less than 30 yuan a year, and a forbidden soldier earns no less than 50 yuan a year. All command envoys, monthly salary of 100 guan, millet (millet) 50 Hu (dou), all classes are directly Yu Hou, all armies are commanded to make a monthly salary of 50 guan, Su (millet) 25 Hu (dou).
Tong Guan said this, and Cai Mao, the ruling and privy council envoy, also stood up and bowed his head and bowed his hand and said: Your Majesty, what Tong Taiwei said is very true, the advantage of the imperial court to achieve the recruitment system is that the imperial court spends a lot of money to raise soldiers, and if there is a famine and natural disaster year, there can be disaster victims and no rebels. The army can destroy it. Therefore, there has never been a full-scale civil uprising in the past hundred years. In this way, it is conducive to the people living and working in peace and contentment, and there will be no worries about the life and death of fathers and sons, brothers, and husbands and wives. The hardships of conquest are left to the soldiers, and the people do not know it; The hardships of the soldiers are left unchecked, and the people do not know it. The people of the world, live and eat in peace, travel to life and death, look up to things, and gather together for the rest of their lives. The disadvantage of the conscription system is also obvious, that is, it costs the imperial court a huge amount of money to raise soldiers. According to the current 1.2 million soldiers of the imperial court, it costs nearly 60 million yuan a year, accounting for nearly 40 percent of the annual tax revenue of the imperial court, which is still the amount in peacetime.
Cai Mao, as a civil official, is also the head of the Privy Council, the highest organization of the nominal imperial court, after Tong Guan made some expressions, the summary of appropriateness is also in line with his identity and status, the key is that he emphasized one point, that is, the Great Song Dynasty court is very humane, and the principle of conscription is adopted for soldiers, which is based on the fact that they can't bear to let the sons of the common people go to be soldiers, and the parents can't see their sons and miss them, the husband goes to be a soldier, and the wife can't see her husband all the year round and has the pain of parting, and the father goes to be a soldier, Children can't see their fathers and have the pain of missing them, etc. This is also the idealized and patterned thinking unique to civil officials.