The fourth is painting, which is equivalent to the Academy of Fine Arts, where students mainly train Buddhism, figures, landscapes, birds and beasts, flowers and bamboos, houses and other themes of painting, and learn "Shuowen", "Erya", "Dialect" and "Interpretation". The examination is mainly for trial painting, and outstanding graduates are treated like calligraphy. The fifth is martial arts, which is equivalent to military and martial arts schools, where students major in martial arts. In the art of war, during the exam, first try the theory of military strategy, and then try the art of riding and archery. After graduation, martial arts students can be awarded positions such as patrol inspection and prison.

The sixth is medicine, which is equivalent to medical school, and medicine is divided into three specialties: "Fangmai Department", "Acupuncture Department" and "Ulcer Department". Fangmai Department (Internal Medicine) majored in professional courses such as Dafang Pulse, Xiaofang Pulse, and Wind Science, and concurrently studied Wang's "Pulse Meridian" and Zhang Zhongjing's "Treatise on Typhoid Fever", and acupuncture (ENT) majored in professional courses such as large acupuncture, mouth and teeth, throat, eyes and ears, and concurrently studied "Acupuncture Sutra" and "Longben Treatise", and ulcer (surgery) majored in professional courses such as sores, wounds, and gold sores, and concurrently studied "Acupuncture Sutra" and "Qianjin Yifang". In addition to professional courses, there are also public courses, mainly learning "Huangdi Suwen", "Difficult Scripture", "Chao's Disease Origin", "Supplement Materia Medica" and "Qianjin Fang". There is also a practical class to learn about herbal plants in the herbal plantation of the Tai Yi Bureau.

The introduction of the right industry, I faintly feel a little bad, there is nothing else to say, that is, mathematics, science has not attracted enough attention, the future of social development is the top priority, if there is an opportunity in the future, it will inevitably promote the popularization of education in this area, thinking of this, he also nodded to Quan Bangyan with a smile, expressing great recognition, Cheng Su Yixiang then got up and said: Emperor Qi, that the lower official probably introduced the county school of Xiazhou,

Since the end of the Tang Dynasty and the fifth dynasty, wars have been frequent, and most of the state and county schools have been abandoned. At the beginning of the dynasty, the imperial court attached great importance to local state and county schools, and the popularity, school scale, and teaching conditions of local government schools exceeded those of previous generations. In the third year of Jingde (1006), Zhenzong issued an edict ordering all states across the country to repair Confucian temples, set up lecture halls in the temples, and select some elegant people to serve as teachers. In the first year of Qianxing (1022), at the request of Sun Shuang, the imperial court gave ten hectares of land to Yanzhou to establish a school, which was the beginning of the official establishment of state school for the imperial court. In the fourth year of Renzong's Qingli (1044), Fan Zhongyan implemented a new policy, ordered Zhulu Prefecture and the army to establish schools, and stipulated that all scholars could be given fields for learning, so schools were set up all over the world. A large-scale upsurge of education has been set off across the country.

In the fourth year of Shenzong's reign (1071), the local government school made progress and development again. The imperial court stipulated that each prefecture should give ten hectares of land to fill the school food, and the Zhongshu Province elected people with skills and skills to manage educational matters in each way, and each road placed professors as instructors. As a result of this readjustment and improvement, the official schools run by the imperial court have been basically guaranteed in terms of administrative leadership, teaching strength, and school-running funds. By the time of Yuanfeng, there had been 18 roads and 53 prefectures, prefectures, military and supervisors appointed scholars and professors. In the Yuan Yu Dynasty, many reformist scholars were abolished, and it was stipulated that those who were born as scholars and practiced by the Ming Dynasty were appointed as scholars, so that the qualifications of scholars and professors were more clearly stipulated. As a result, education supervision and teacher resources have been further optimized.

Then, during the reign of Taishi Cai, he ordered the merger of smaller state and county schools, and at the same time ordered local administrators such as the superintendent and the commander to strengthen the management of state and county schools. In the third year of Jining (1104), the selection of talents was promoted from the school, and the state students could be promoted to the central Taixue through the three-round method, thus linking the central government school with the local government school, and greatly mobilizing the enthusiasm of the scholars to enter the local school.

After Su Yixiang finished speaking, he smiled at Cai Jing, Cai Jing also nodded knowingly at this time, and I also smiled when I saw this, after all, Cai Jing, the honorary principal, still did a little practical thing for the economy of the Great Song Dynasty. Thinking of this, he also nodded slightly to Su Yixiang, and then Li Zhijie, the chief bookkeeper, got up and said: Your Majesty, just now you introduced the official schools of the imperial court, so there are lower officials to introduce private education. All kinds of schools have developed in parallel and complemented each other, so that China's school system and private education have developed to a new height. Nationwide, government education is mostly concentrated in prefectures and counties, which is not convenient for the children of residents in remote areas to attend school, which provides space for private education to survive and develop. The development of private education can be roughly divided into two stages.

The first stage is the period from the founding of the country to the period of Shinshu. Although the country's economy is gradually recovering and the political situation is gradually stabilizing, there is still no time to take care of the development of schools, and the state and county schools have not yet been established, and a group of people of insight in China have set up private schools among the township parties to teach students, such as Wang Zhaosu, etc., are the pioneers of private schools in the early Song Dynasty. The second stage was the period of the three schools of the imperial court. Such as Shi Jie, Sun Fu, etc., did not succeed in the Jinshi, retreated to Mount Tai, and set up a private school. Song pioneers Zhou Jiaopo, Cheng Shun, Cheng Yi, Zhang Ruan, Shao Yong, etc., learned from private education, and after completing their studies, they engaged in private apprenticeship teaching.

There are two main forms of private learning: teacher-taught and family-handed. According to its content, it can be divided into two categories: one is to teach literacy and basic daily use of primary schools or Mongolian schools, mainly township schools, village schools, or Yixue established by clans, or family schools of wealthy families, and the other is for older and more advanced young students to study or prepare for the imperial examination.

There are private schools, volunteer schools, and home schools that are open all year round, as well as seasonal village schools and winter schools. Private schools are small schools where teachers set up professors in their own homes, with students ranging from a dozen to a dozen. Teachers use a small amount of cash or money paid by students as their school fees, and the life of teachers is often quite difficult, and there is often no rice to cook, but these teachers love education and make positive contributions to improving the cultural literacy of the Chinese people.

Yixue or Yishu is a school paid by the clan or local gentry to open a school in the hometown to educate the children of the clan and the village, such as Fan Zhongyan once established the Fan Yixue in Taipingshan, Suzhou. Most of the mats are owned by land, and the life of the tutor is relatively secure.

A family school is a private school in which a family of eunuchs or wealthy families hires teachers to educate their children. For example, Lu Jiuyuan, Lu Zuqian and others all have family schools to educate the children of their families. Classes are held all year round. The village also generally has a seasonal village school, winter school, after October, the farming has been completed, it is an excellent time for the children of the farmer to learn, and its teaching content is mainly (100 family names> and "miscellaneous words".

Among them, the scripture hall and Jinghe are particularly developed, and most of them are places for scholars and famous Confucians to give lectures, among which the prestige is higher Hu Ai, Er Cheng, Zhu Jia, Lu Jiuyuan and others. Hu Ai once set up private schools in Suzhou and Huzhou, accumulated rich teaching experience, founded the Suhu Teaching Method, and trained a large number of students. Cheng Shun and Cheng Yi, famous scholars of science, lectured at home from the fifth year of Shenzong Zhaoning (1072) to the Yuanfeng period, and many people traveled thousands of miles to study, and they were constantly in the museum, which was quite influential at that time.

In addition to the teacher's teaching, there is also family learning, which includes both parents enlightening their children and imparting basic knowledge, as well as more advanced family learning.

There are two main situations in which parents teach their children in person. It was a poor family that could not afford to pay for the children's tuition, so they had to teach their own children. Ouyang Xiu's family was poor and he lost his father at the age of four, so his mother Yidi painted the land and taught him to write. The second is the elder beloved son, who hopes that he will become a Chan and teach it personally, such as Su Shi who was taught by his father Su Gou and his mother Cheng since he was a child. From the age of 11 to the age of 14, the physicist Zhu Xi was also employed at home, and his father Zhu Song himself read and taught. In addition to the parents themselves, there are also many who are taught by their elder brothers, Lu Jiuyuan has six brothers, except for the second Lu Jiuxu, who runs a pharmacy, the other five are all reading and lecturing, writing books and sayings, and the brothers also call each other teachers and friends. Some Confucian families have a strong family history and are often passed down from generation to generation.

Finally, there is the academy education, which began in the Tang Dynasty and is a unique kind of educational institution in ancient China. After the unification of the whole country in our dynasty, the war gradually subsided, the people's livelihood was stable, and the scholars asked to go to school, but after the war of the five dynasties at the end of the Tang Dynasty, the official schools were mostly destroyed, and the academy was developed under this historical condition. At present, most of the academies are private schools, built in secluded places in the mountains and forests, and gradually become local educational institutions with a half-civilian and half-official nature after being given by the imperial court, fields, and books. The college hires scholars to give lectures, students study in separate camps, the college provides accommodation and food, and uses a point system to assess the merits of students.

The teaching of the college pays attention to inspiration and guidance, advocates discussion and discussion, and pays attention to physical and mental cultivation. In addition to participating in academic activities and necessary lectures by teachers, students mainly think independently, so the college attaches great importance to improving students' ability to learn independently. At the same time, the college also asks students to ask questions and think carefully about the blog post. Therefore, the management of the academy focuses on inspiring students' self-motivation and self-consciousness, there are few rules and regulations for prohibition and punishment, and the teaching organization of the academy is flexible and diverse, and there is little yamen, which has had a very far-reaching impact on China's education.

After listening to the introduction of the four of them, I also felt a lot, after the establishment of the Great Song Dynasty, under the basic strategy of promoting culture and education and suppressing military affairs, a systematic and comprehensive education system was established from the central to the local. The central official school of the Song Dynasty was represented by Guozixue and Taixue. The Guozijian was established in Beijing as the leading organ of national education. The large-scale development of schools began after the New Deal of Renzong Qingli. In the early years of Qingli, the central government officially established Taixue, and the government allocated land and housing money as education funds to improve the teaching content and methods. Subsequently, local schools also sprung up on a large scale, and schools were established in various prefectures, prefectures, military, and counties. All kinds of schools are spread all over the world, thus forming an educational network centered on the central Guozixue and Taixue, including many junior colleges and local prefectures and counties.

From the central to the local units at all levels of the emphasis on education, so that the Great Song Dynasty famous schools numerous, management norms, the Great Song Dynasty official schools in the number, subject setting, management and other aspects of the rule of the respect for culture and education, to promote the widespread rise of the society to the long term past the previous generation.

At the same time, the imperial court adopted a relatively relaxed policy towards private schools, which made private schools develop significantly compared with their predecessors. At the beginning of the Great Song Dynasty, although there was no time to take care of the construction of schools, they would still give support to private schools through land grants and other means, making them a useful supplement to official schools. In particular, it is worth mentioning the academies of the Song Dynasty, which did not restrict the admission of students, and some poor students could even be sent to study, which was conducive to the popularization of education.