Military land official field: "Households below 10 mu, tax-exempt -—— more than 1,000 mu to 10,000 mu, tax 30%. ”

"More than 10,000 acres, the tax is sixty percent."

Civilian land: no tax is levied for less than 500 acres - 30% for more than 500 acres.

Mintian is the highest 30%.

There's an identity here.

All military households, officials, and nobles' fields are designated as official fields or military fields.

After the military households retire from the field in the future, they will change their identity to the private field, and after a few years, in fact, there will be no military field.

When the Ming officials were in office, they had in-service fields, and when they left their posts in the future, they would be transferred together with the official positions.

Zhu Gaoxu now chooses to auction off the official's job land to the individual, and the incumbent officials can buy it first, and the officials will not have the job land in the future.

In this way, after a few years, there will only be people in the world.

One of the reasons for the slight change in Xia Yuanji's face was that the people's land tax had increased.

The original people's field tax was only 'three liters per mu, three in six spoons'.

What is this concept, in terms of the output of two stones per mu, one-tenth of more than five acres is one stone of tax.

According to the previous tax, only one bucket was required.

The gap is tenfold.

"Didn't Your Majesty say that you will never give more?" Xia Yuanji asked urgently.

Zhu Gaoxu remained silent: "Less than five acres are tax-exempt." ”

"Most of the people's fields are less than five acres."

"If it's really more than five acres, it's not difficult to pay one-tenth."

"Xia Butang is looking at the back again."

Xia Yuanji looked behind him again, and his face changed again.

Originally, the emperor wanted to gradually abolish compulsory conscription and replace it with paid conscription.

In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1368 AD), the law of fixed service. According to its method, one hectare of land is made up by one person, and less than one hectare is made up by other land, which is called "average work". and compile a map of the average effort in local areas. Every year, during the agricultural slack, the conscripts go to Beijing to serve for 30 days and return.

Those who use more than one and those who are less are tenants to fill their husbands, and the landlords give one stone of rice for service. The "equal effort" system of conscription is only a transitional service law. After the compilation of the Yellow Book of Assignment, it is based on the Yellow Book of Assignment and is subject to service.

The Ming Dynasty stipulated that the age of 16 was a Chengding, and he began to serve, and he was exempted at the age of 60.

In other words, according to the regulations of the Ming Dynasty, after the age of sixteen, men had to participate in forced labor, and they were not exempted until they were sixty years old.

The Ming Dynasty was very heavy, as mentioned earlier, in the past, a household with 20 acres of land in the small production level, if the family does not have a scholar who can be exempted, it will be bankrupt in a few years.

The Ming Dynasty's conscription generally included three types of contents: (1) building water conservancy, such as water control, canal repair, dam building, etc.; (2) Serving the Zhongyang government, such as repairing the city, building palaces, transporting grain, repairing border fortifications, etc.; (3) Miscellaneous labor for the local government, such as cutting salaries, carrying firewood, feeding horses, etc.

Once the dynasty wants to do a lot of things, whether it is fighting, building canals, or repairing cities, it will inevitably mobilize the people, work the people and lose money, and make the people suffer more, affecting the people's own agricultural work in their homes.

Zhu Gaoxu first abolished the system of equal labor and forced labor, and then spent ten years gradually abolishing all compulsory forced labor.

According to the previous system, every year during the agricultural slack, the conscripts had to go to Beijing to work for 30 days.

Jingshi doesn't have something to do every day, right, what do you want, you need so many people?

Do you want to provide food and lodging when someone comes? Do you want people to manage? Do you want to spend?

If you come to Beijing with 1,000 people, the cost of the Beijing division will be large.

You're going to have 10,000 people, and the cost is even more daunting.

Therefore, with Zhu Gaoxu's cancellation of the average labor and forced labor, you all stay at home, nothing to do.

So what should I do if Jingshi wants someone to work?

It costs money to hire it, so it is called paid servitude.

If you have something to do, you can ask someone to do it, and if you have nothing to do, you don't need to hire someone.

"According to the current salary of the Ming Dynasty, please ask a person to do ten copper coins a day, which department will do things, which department will hire people, provide food and accommodation, and pay wages."

Xia Yuanji's face darkened immediately, and when the departments didn't ask for money from the household department, they asked, "What if you want to repair the imperial city?" ”

Your special mother is really picky, Zhu Gaoxu said angrily: "Of course, I will provide food, accommodation and pay wages." ”

Xia Yuanji nodded with satisfaction.

Then he said, "What if we build an outer wall?" ”

This is a military operation, which can be counted as a military department or a household department.

"This is a matter for the imperial court, and of course the imperial court will pay for it." Zhu Gaoxu said with a smile.

Xia Yuanji rolled his eyes, the court is not your Zhu Mingxia.

"Anyway, in addition to repairing the Imperial City, other expenses are ultimately paid by the household, Xia Butang, don't be so picky, you are now a rich man." Zhu Gaoxu said in a good voice.

Xia Yuanji hurriedly said: "The minister has no money, it's all His Majesty's money." ”

Xia Yuanji then said: "Your Majesty wants to build water conservancy in various places and mobilize a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, if you have to pay wages, this is a big expense. ”

"You can't suffer the people, the court can save it." Zhu Gaoxu said formally: "Just because there was no need to spend money in the past, the dynasties of the past dynasties could exploit the people unscrupulously, and now they have to pay for everything, and those in power have to consider what to do and what not to do." ”

Xia Yuanji nodded thoughtfully, the people of the previous dynasties rebelled, all because they pressed the people too much, the officials forced the people to rebel, and the people rebelled.

Although the emperor increased the tax on farmland, he would gradually abolish the compulsory forced labor for thousands of years, which must be a good thing compared to the common people, and it was a great good thing, and even a major event that could be passed down in the annals of history.

"And in the future, many big projects will have to be handed over to businessmen." Zhu Gaoxu threw out a heavy bomb at this time: "Look back?" ”

Xia Yuanji hurriedly looked at the aftermath, and sure enough, the emperor planned to conduct a pilot project in Suzhou.

Suzhou has been flooded recently for many years, and the harvest has not been calculated.

Zhu Gaoxu asked the Ministry of Industry to send craftsmen and technical experts to inspect the site and give a data.

Seven counties and one state in Suzhou were built, and eight water conservancy projects were built, which were divided into 32 pieces.

Each piece is funded by the imperial court from 10,000 taels to 30,000 taels to attract foreign investment.

That is, the merchants took over the water conservancy construction in a certain place, and the imperial court agreed to give the merchant 20,000 taels of silver, pay half of the deposit first, and the merchant found someone to do it.

After passing the acceptance of the imperial court, the remaining wages will be paid.

The entire Suzhou water conservancy construction cost about more than 800,000 taels.

In the past, this was done by the imperial court itself, and it was better at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, but by the middle and end of the Ming Dynasty, officials at all levels were full of private pockets, and less than half of them were really implemented, or even one-tenth.

Now it is handed over to local businessmen and court overseers, and if they don't do a good job, they will have to be beheaded.

If you do a good job, the imperial court will register it, and if you have the same project in the future, you will be given priority to the contract.

As a traverser, of course, I know that there is still a lot of room for operation in this kind of thing in Greater China, and the key is supervision, supervision is not in place, everything is useless, and the Chinese have a hundred ways to make a lot of money.

But the ancients certainly didn't have as many ways as the later generations.

Of course, Xia Yuanji heard about this for the first time, he hesitated for a while, and asked carefully: "If you don't do it well, you have to cut off your head, why do the businessmen want to do it?" "He's inexplicably wonderful.

Zhu Gaoxu said with a smile: "As long as there is money to be made, there will definitely be people to do it, and the price set by the imperial court must have profits in it, and businessmen are naturally willing to do it when they see the profits." ”

"Even if there is profit, why doesn't the court do it yourself?" Xia Yuanji asked strangely.

Zhu Gaoxu thought about it, you have to explain to him that officials will be corrupt and will enrich their own pockets, and it is estimated that he is still not convinced, because Xia Yuanji is not this kind of person.

So he asked, "Does Xia Butang know how much this stool under your fart drum is worth?" Zhu Gaoxu pointed to a stool in the canopy hall.

Xia Yuanji looked down and said with a smile: "This kind of mahogany stool made in Guangdong, the minister looks at about one or two." ”

He is still relatively knowledgeable, and he can see that it is a mahogany stool.

Zhu Gaoxu said quietly: "I sent someone to the Jingshi market to see it, the same size, the materials are about the same, and the price is about eight yuan." ”

Natsuharaji's expression was smug, because he guessed about the same.

"But this was bought into the palace during the period of Emperor Jianwen, and the inner carrier warehouse was supported by twenty-eight taels of silver."

"Ahh

"Not every official in the world is Xia Butang, and not everyone can be as clean and honest as Xia Butang."

"If these projects are left to the imperial court, the money will only be spent more in the future."

Xia Yuanji thought for a while, and suddenly said: "If there is collusion between officials and businessmen, or businessmen buy officials, it is clear that 20,000 capable projects are quoted for 100,000 yuan, wouldn't it also damage the interests of the imperial court?" ”

"It's right that Xia Butang can think of this, so there must be standards."

Zhu Gaoxu explained to him that suppose ten waterwheels were to be built somewhere in Suzhou to dredge two canals.

Officials have to budget for spending.

How much timber is needed, how much iron is needed, how much is the length of the canal, how much labor is needed, and how many days can be completed.

Then a preliminary price is given according to the standard.

The price of all materials is subject to the actual price in the local market.

You can't show up that there are 5,000 computers on the market, and your official procurement becomes 50,000.

Because there are too many things in later generations, and there is a lot of room for operation, there are fewer items now, and doing these things, that is, labor wages, materials, and time, are more budgetable.

Once there is an outrageous price, it will definitely be seen.

Now the operation space of the Ming Dynasty is relatively small, how much wood, how much iron, how much labor, are transparent and open, or come and go little, there are imported and domestic in later generations, the same thing, the price of a brand is very different.

Zhu Gaoxu took an account book from the table at this time, and asked Zhong Xian to hand it to Xia Yuanji, after Xia Yuanji got it, he found that it was a book from the Ministry of Industry and Industry, called "Instructions for the Ministry of Industry and Warehouse", which counts the prices of various materials in the country, such as charcoal 3~3.5 yuan per 100 catties, coal 1.3 yuan per 100 catties, and Jiantie (that is, Fujian Iron) 0.16 yuan per catty, 3 yuan per piece of white cotton cloth three zhang and two feet long, 0.75 yuan per horse to dyeing cyan to the dyeing bureau, 9 yuan per catty of velvet rope, 1.2 yuan per catty of white cotton thread, 0.65 yuan per catty of lacquer and so on.

He probably flipped through it, and somewhat understood what the emperor meant, and in the future, all kinds of projects will be priced according to this, and then leave some profits for private businessmen to do.

But listening to Zhu Gaoxu at this time, he said: "This is the price recorded by the Ministry of Industry, and it is also the price purchased by the Ministry of Industry, but does Xia Butang know?" ”

"On the market, for every penny of silver, you can buy 100 catties of charcoal, per catty of Fujian iron, for 0.1 yuan, and 1.5-1.6 yuan for each white cotton towel-—— Xia Butang, I want to ask you, who registered these prices? Is it Tobe? ”

Xia Yuanji's face changed greatly, and the purchase prices of the Ministry of Industry and the warehouse were far higher than the actual local prices, but this was really not in his hands, and he didn't know it, he immediately said: "The minister's household department doesn't care about these pricing, this is the price set by the Ministry of Industry itself, and since the founding of the Ming Dynasty, it is even more so." ”

What he meant, that's it for the founding of the Ming Dynasty, Your Majesty, don't be lazy with me.

(End of chapter)