It turned out that a few years ago, Zhu Gaochu drew a simple steam engine for them, but Zhu Gaochu was not an expert, he had never seen a steam engine himself, so he could only draw them the principle of steam engine activity, the principle of pistons, and the approximate operation mode and appearance.

The Department of Science and Technology convened many people to study day and night, but still found nothing, during which a few samples were made, but the power has not been enough, I don't know what the problem is.

Zhu Gaoxu is not a professional and cannot give professional guidance.

Yang Yuanfeng was a little embarrassed, feeling ashamed of His Majesty the Emperor.

"You don't have to worry, it's too late for us to produce rubber in batches, science and technology are not achieved overnight, we still have time." Zhu Gaoxu had no choice but to comfort him.

Although Daming's university has begun physics and chemistry, it is still the most basic, and it is estimated that it is equivalent to the elementary school and junior high school level in the previous life, and it may take a long time to enter the steam engine.

In recent years, Daming and Zhu Gaochu have actually been very busy, since the rubber seeds were brought back to Daming, Zhu Gaochu in Dayuan, Malacca, Nanyang and other provinces, a large number of multiplication, 120,000 seeds finally made more than 8,000 plants, which is also a good effect, and then planted in three places, promoted, and so on more seedlings, and then to Jiaozhi, Yunnan and other places to plant.

It took more than 2,000 plants to be planted by Europeans in the original time and space, and it took 40 years to expand the seeds before ending the monopoly of Brazil.

In the past two or three years, Zhu Gaoxu has seen less than 100,000 mu in all parts of the country, and the area is still very small.

From 1969 to 1969, China began to plant in Yunnan and Guangdong, and by 1979, about ten years, 5.5 million mu had been planted, and the efficiency was far greater than that of Zhu Gaoxu now.

But then, by 2001, the national planting area was only more than 9 million mu, and the progress was slow, by 2011, it reached 16 million mu, and in 2019 it was 22 million mu.

Zhu Gaoxu's current Ming area far exceeds that of the historical dynasties, so his goal is to make the rubber area become the world's first, rubber production, become the world's first, now the Ming Dynasty is actively organizing the expansion of rubber, including Goryeo's Jeju Island is also more suitable, while studying the various uses of rubber.

After the rubber products came out, the industrial development of Daming could enter a new stage.

While talking to Yang Yuanfeng, Zhu Gaoxu came to a factory in the Science and Technology Division.

There was a test on the spot today, and after Zhu Gaoxu arrived, cabinet members and many military generals also came over early and waited.

Everyone paid their respects to His Majesty the Emperor, and all of them showed very interested expressions on their faces.

Every time the emperor summoned them to the Science and Technology Department or the Craftsman Bureau, there was definitely something new to appear, and everyone was still looking forward to it.

There is a river to the east outside the factory, and there is a drainage windmill by the river, which has a lot of uses in the craftsman bureau, and everyone knows it.

"Come here." Zhu Gaochu summoned all the ministers to his side, and everyone looked at Zhu Gaochu with great interest.

Zhu Gaoxu bent down to pick up a few small stones from the ground, and said with a smile: "I don't know if Aiqing has paid attention to some special phenomena, such as--"

After that, Zhu Gaoxu threw a stone in his hand into the water.

There was a splash in the water, and a ripple spread in all directions.

Zhu Wenwu looked at each other, everyone, look at me, I look at you, I don't understand what the emperor means.

But everyone knows that the emperor must be talking about something new.

Huang Huai smiled at this time: "The stone was thrown into the water and splashed. ”

Li Jinglong glanced at him with disdain on the side, thinking, who doesn't know such a simple truth as being smart.

Unexpectedly, Emperor Zhu Gaoxu smiled and said: "It's a little close, almost meaningful." ”

Hey, everyone around me was surprised.

Everyone had a thoughtful look on their faces.

In fact, some people don't care at all in their hearts, and even think, Emperor, just say it, don't sell it, show your cleverness, everyone knows Your Majesty that you are smart.

But when you think about it, you have to pretend to be thoughtful and cooperate with Your Majesty.

Of course, everyone thought about it for a long time and didn't come up with anything, even if someone came up with it, they probably didn't dare to say it, this had to make His Majesty show off.

The emperor looked around, and no one spoke, so he suddenly said loudly: "Can you feel anything when I speak so loudly?" ”

The emperor's voice suddenly became several times louder, like a loud drink, and the ministers who were close were all startled, and some even felt that the air was fluctuating, and their ears were buzzing.

Looking at everyone's panicked faces, Zhu Gaoxu said with a smile: "Sound is a common substance in nature, whether we speak or not, there will be other sounds, although he can't see it, but he can actually sense it, as long as the amplitude is large enough, it will even make people uncomfortable, this is called sound waves." ”

"There are sound waves in sound, and there are water waves in water."

"As soon as I threw the stone into the water, there was a wave of water all around me."

Zhu Gaoxu said that, and threw another stone into the water.

Zhu Wenwu stared at this time, and sure enough, he saw that there was a water wave, but this water wave was also very common, and everyone just didn't pay attention to it before.

"What we're going to look at today is electromagnetic waves."

After that, Zhu Gaoxu waved his hand and led everyone into the factory.

There are already a lot of machinery and utensils in the factory, and there are many craftsmen on the scene, and many young craftsmen on the site have come out of the university in the past two years, and the things they have learned are relatively new and their ability to accept them is relatively strong.

"Zhu Aiqing knows electricity, right?" Zhu Gaoxu stopped at a table and turned back to ask everyone.

"Thunderbolt?" Someone had a look of horror on his face, it was Shoufu Huang Fu.

Huang Fu is relatively old among the ministers, he is already 60 years old, and according to Zhu Gaoxu's requirements, the first assistant can retire at the age of 65.

At his age, he is still relatively sensitive to thunder and lightning and other things, if he hadn't followed Zhu Gaoxu for 20 years and had a relatively strong ability to accept it, he would probably be even more shocked.

"Yes, you can sometimes see lightning on rainy days." Zhu Gaoxu said: "In the past, the people thought that the gods of the world were angry, but in fact, it was just a natural reaction, and we have published it many times in Daming Daily. ”

The ministers were noncommittal, after all, there were still people who did not believe it.

"Electricity is very easy to generate, friction can generate electricity, if everyone has fur clothes on their bodies, sometimes undressing at night, it will also produce static electricity, and even feel the needle."

"Your Majesty is right." Li Jinglong immediately said that he was not a sycophant this time, but really felt it.

The scene is not only him, but many people have felt it.

"That's electricity, huh?"

"I didn't expect that."

"How did Your Majesty know that it was electricity?"

There was a lot of discussion on the spot, and everyone seemed to have opened the door to a new world.

"Here, give everyone a shock."

Zhu Gaoxu led everyone to the other side.

Everyone looked at it and was very surprised by the design of the scene.

Several large pieces of metal were immersed in a pool of water, and a thick layer of something could be seen under the pool, melting, and staff members pouring into it.

Someone immediately asked, "Your Majesty poured salt into the water?" ”

"Yes, it's salt water."

"This is a copper sheet, this is a zinc sheet."

There is a metal copper coin between the copper sheet and the zinc sheet, which is still a bit thick due to the technology of this era.

"This can be called a galvanic battery."

"The salt has just been poured in, and the power may be a little low, come on, take a look here."

Zhu Gaoxu took them to the side again.

There were craftsmen on the side who had a lot of things in their hands.

When the emperor came, he nodded to them and signaled to begin.

One of the craftsmen picked up a metal ring and placed it underneath first.

"It's a brass ring." Zhu Gaoxu explained.

Then another craftsman picked up a metal ring and placed it on top of the brass ring.

"It's a zinc ring." Zhu Gaoxu said again.

Then another craftsman took something and put it on top of the zinc ring.

"This is a woolen ring, made of wool, and can be replaced by paper soaked in salt water." Zhu Gaoxu said again.

Then several craftsmen took turns to put it up.

Zinc rings, copper rings, and woolen rings have been piled up in more than 30 layers.

"Now it's called - Hongxi Battery." Zhu Gaoxu's eyebrows danced, and he changed the voltaic battery invented in history to his own Hongxi title, and snatched it up, calling it Hongxi battery.

He explained to the ministers that the higher the layer, the stronger the current.

Finally, the copper wire was passed, and a strong metal wire like an electric mosquito swatter was connected.

"Come on, try with your fingers, and in turn with the back of your fingers, don't use your fingers." Zhu Gaoxu motioned to the ministers to try.

Ministers, look at me, I'll look at you, this is lightning, will it kill people?

But the emperor looked at everyone, and everyone looked at each other.

"The minister comes first." Hou Hai is not afraid, as the emperor's confidant, of course, he has to go at a critical time.

He cautiously touched the back of his fingers.

"Ahh

Everyone jumped back in fright.

"Hahaha, it's fun, it's fun, it's fun, is this lightning?" Hou Hai said with a smile.

"Lightning is natural, we are artificially created, but like lightning, it is electricity, as long as the current is big enough, it can kill people." Zhu Gaoxu said.

The ministers were shocked and frightened, and then, at Zhu Gaoxu's request, everyone tried it, and it was really interesting.

This will make everyone really admire the emperor, but they didn't expect the emperor to even invent lightning.

At this time, someone asked: "Your Majesty, this so-called electric -—— is so small, can it become bigger in addition to the number of stack layers?" ”

Zhu Gaoxu looked at Mao Xin with satisfaction, and the commander of the Jinyi Guard made Mao Xin deliberately give the emperor a chance to show off.

Then he said proudly: "When the technology arrives in the future, you can make a transformer, but you have to wait for electromagnetic induction--" He said halfway, feeling too complicated, so he gave up and said simply.

"Get an iron core, and surround it with coils, a hundred and a thousand ways."

"Then get an iron core, and surround it with a circle, two thousand, three thousand."

"When two are close together, a magnetic field can be formed, and the current can be controlled to become larger or smaller—"

Zhu Gaoxu also said that with an electric current, a magnetic field can be generated, and a changing magnetic field will produce an electric field. The changing electric field and the changing magnetic field constitute an inseparable and unified field, which is the electromagnetic field, and the propagation of the changing electromagnetic field in space forms electromagnetic waves, and the electromagnetic changes are like water waves generated by the breeze blowing on the water surface, so they are called electromagnetic waves, also known as radio waves.

Of course, now they are still expanding the rubber plant, but also need insulators, as long as the rubber can be produced in batches, can make the insulator outside the wire, it is much more convenient to make a transformer, which requires both direct current and alternating current.

But that's probably going to be years away.

Zhu Gaoxu said a lot, and of course the ministers seemed to understand it or not, and they felt that it was magical, and they did not know what the benefits and uses of electricity were.

Zhu Gaoxu is too lazy to explain to them now, this group of cabinets and civil and military personnel, who have not gone through universities, are all uneducated people, and after a few years, they will retire one after another and replace them with a new batch, so they will be able to understand Zhu Gaoxu and more easily accept this information.

Then he took the group to another place to look at electromagnetic waves and magnetic fields.

Here, a relatively large Hongxi battery was made, and two metal balls were made, separated by a distance, when the craftsmen energized the balls.

There was a creaking sound between the two small balls, which were not connected, and blue electric sparks flashed and jumped.

Zhu Gaoxu said yes, at this time, an electric field has been generated between the two small balls,

Everyone listened attentively and watched, which was very novel.

Just now I just felt the electric current, now I see the electric field with my own eyes.

Zhu Gaoxu also said that the electric field can excite the magnetic field, and the magnetic field will then excite the electric field, and if it spreads continuously, there will be electromagnetic wave transmission. Is there any? It's best to have a device that can receive it.

With Zhu Gaoxu's voice, the craftsmen placed a notched copper ring 4 meters away from the metal ball.

Zhu Gaoxu said that if the electromagnetic waves can fly there, then there should be electric sparks between the gaps of the copper rings, and after the craftsmen have arranged these, continue to energize, and sure enough, the blue light flashes on the notch of the ring, which shows that there are electromagnetic waves moving between the transmitter ball and the receiving ring, but people can't see it with the naked eye.

All the civil and military officers were full of praise, surprised and delighted, and they almost felt that the emperor was casting a spell.

The emperor added: "Although it is not visible to the naked eye, we have tried to find that there are electromagnetic waves, then, even if there are waves, there will definitely be wavelength, frequency, and speed, which is the same as water waves." ”

Everyone thought that the emperor had just thrown a pebble into the pool, and the water waves also had wavelength, frequency, and speed.

"What can I measure the wavelength?" Mao Xin asked questions humbly at the right time.

"Of course." Zhu Gaoxu said excitedly and waved his hand.

The craftsmen brought the copper-ringed receiver closer to the ball transmitter, and the scene crackled and sparks flew everywhere, sometimes bright and sometimes non-existent.

Everyone stared at each other, staring intently.

Zhu Gaoxu said: "The brightest is the peak or trough, and the non-bright is zero." ”

This makes it possible to calculate the wavelength.

As for the speed of the wave, there is no need to calculate, it is the same as the speed of light, 300,000 kilometers per second, and everyone who travels knows it.

At this time, when everyone was amazed, Hu Guang quietly glanced at Mao Xin, the emperor took great pains to take them to see electromagnetic waves, and he definitely didn't just look at these.

Sure enough, Mao Xin humbly asked again: "Your Majesty, what is the use of this electromagnetic wave?" ”

"After we get it here, we can generate radio waves."

"If you do these things in Cochin, you will also generate radio waves."

"Why can't we transmit signals between radio waves?"

"If you can transmit a signal, the information of Jiaozhi can be transmitted to Jingshi within a few dozen breaths, which is countless times faster than our visual communication tower."

"Hiss" Everyone gasped, so fast?

If there were so many other people, everyone would not believe it, but since the emperor ascended the throne, he has invented too many things, and everyone is convinced of it.

"The goal of this year and next year, we are going to invent radio." Zhu Gaoxu finally said loudly and ambitiously: "In five to ten years, we must be able to complete real-time telegraph communication with Cochin, Ahan, New Delhi, Taylor and other provinces. ”

(End of chapter)