"The second is the rifling technique or smoothbore technique, which is also called the windmill line, which is engraved on the inside of the barrel and is divided into two types: yin and yang. Its function is to give the bullet the ability to rotate, which can ensure the accuracy of the bullet after it is ejected from the barrel. ”

"Rifled guns are suitable for long-range sniping and can take the life of a person from a distance of several hundred meters. The musket is fired with iron pellets, but it is better to use a smoothbore that is not suitable for rifling, and the smoothbore is suitable for use on shotguns. ”

"What, you're interested in this too?" After explaining, Qin Yu asked.

"I'm so interested." The crowd said.

"Okay, everyone go back to the classroom, and I'll draw it for you." Qin Yu said.

I understand their obsession with firearms, which seems to be the nature of boys.

"I'll also give you another lesson in blast furnace ironmaking and steelmaking. Anyway, blast furnace ironmaking is also a compulsory course in chemistry. ”

Soon led the crowd into the classroom, and Qin Yu first drew a blast furnace diagram for the students.

"Modern blast furnace ironmaking is improved and developed on the ancient shaft furnace ironmaking method.

Its main body is the blast furnace, and the blast furnace body is divided into five parts: throat, furnace body, furnace waist, furnace belly, and furnace cylinder from top to bottom......"

Just improved and developed? In other words, our Ming iron-making method only needs to be improved to become the blast furnace iron-making that Mr. said? The crowd thought excitedly: This is too convenient.

"The throat part is divided into small hoppers, small bells, large hoppers and large bells, etc., which are the places where the raw materials are poured in...... because there are pictures and truths, and it is extremely easy for the crowd to understand when learning.

"The ironmaking process is to load iron-containing raw materials - sinter, pellets or iron ore, fuel - coke, pulverized coal, etc., and other auxiliary raw materials - limestone, dolomite, manganese ore, etc. from the top of the blast furnace into the blast furnace in a certain proportion...... This process is called feeding. ”

"And the hot blast furnace is in the lower part of the blast furnace, and hot air is blown into the blast furnace to help the coke burn - this process is called heating."

"At high temperatures, the carbon in the coke is burned with oxygen in the air to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Raw materials and fuels fall with the process of smelting in the furnace, and when the falling and rising gas meet, heat transfer, reduction, melting, and decarbonization occur successively to form pig iron - this process is called smelting. ”

"The smelted pig iron comes out of the discharge port, and the pig iron is hard, wear-resistant, and has good castability, but it is too brittle, so it still needs to be made into steel." 、

"The reason why pig iron is too brittle is because there are too many carbon elements in it, and steelmaking is to reduce the carbon content in pig iron, eliminate harmful elements such as P, S, O, N, retain or increase beneficial elements such as SI, MN, NI, CR, etc., and adjust the ratio between the elements to obtain the best performance ......"

After Qin Yu finished speaking, he explained the general process of steelmaking to the students again.

The students studied very seriously, because there were too many knowledge points in this class, and the crowd was afraid that they would not be able to understand or remember it for the time being, so they recorded every word Qin Yu said and every picture he drew in their notebooks.

……

It's another weekend, and students are heading home for the holidays.

Xu Da came to a hunter's house in the village.

"It turned out to be Mr. Xu." Orion Lu Dabiao said. Xu Da is now a physical education teacher at Lujiacun Primary School, and the villagers have become very respectful of the people around him because they respect Qin Yu.

"Sell me the firecracker made by Mr. Qin." Xu Dadao.

"Sold to you?" Lu Dabiao hesitated, after all, this thing is very easy to use, even tigers and leopards can be beaten to death, and he is not willing to be easily transfected.

"I'll give you five taels of silver." Xu Dadao.

"Okay then." Lu Dabiao said, and immediately handed over the firecracker. Although the modified gun is very useful, it is difficult to get gunpowder and iron pellets in Lujia Village, and its value is far less than five taels of silver.

After Xu Da bought the modified gun, he handed it to Zhu Biao: "Prince Yu, the matter has been done." Please ask the prince to go back, and be sure to implore the emperor to cast a large number of them and use them in the army. ”

"Mr. Qin transformed gunpowder and transformed the firecracker into a musket, although his original intention was to hunt for hunters. But such a good thing is simply a tyrannical thing if it is not used in the army. ”

"I know." Zhu Biaodao.

"In addition, the conditions in Lujia Village are poor, and you can't make anything better, and the conditions outside are much better than in the village." "Therefore, many aspects of this gun can be improved, such as the previous wooden hammer, which will be more stable and durable if it is replaced with iron." ”

"Uh-huh." Zhu Biao said, "I will tell my father the emperor about this." ”

……

Ying Tianfu.

The Imperial Palace, in the open space outside the Fengtian Temple.

The emperor and a cadre of civil and military ministers all gathered.

"Biao'er, you let us and the Minister of Civil and Military Affairs go outside the palace, what is the important matter?" Zhu Yuanzhang looked at Zhu Biao with loving eyes and asked.

He has always been very satisfied with this prince, but he rarely showed it before.

Zhu Biao's requirements, he almost never did not meet.

"The sons want to show their fathers and the ministers of the ranks." Zhu Biaodao.

After saying that, he took out a modified gun from behind him.

"What is this?" Zhu Yuanzhang asked, and when he looked closely, he realized that he seemed to know, isn't this just fixing the fire gun on the wooden frame?

If you look closely, it seems that it is very different from the traditional firecracker, for example, there are a lot of accessories added to the wooden handle.

"The prince showed us a fire gun." One of the ministers whispered.

"The firecracker has long been equipped in our Ming army."

"However, the disadvantage is that it is troublesome to ignite, and it is not very powerful."

The ministers also recognized it, and kept pointing and whispering.

"Biao'er, you want to show everyone what's special about this firecracker?" Zhu Yuanzhang asked.

"Father, this is no ordinary firebolt. It is Mr. Qin's improved musket. Zhu Biao said, "The musket was called the Assault Musket in the Song Dynasty, and then it was renamed the Flame Gun, and Mr. Qin seems to prefer to call him a gun." ”

"Is it Mr. Qin's improved gun?" Zhu Yuanzhang's face showed joy, but he was still a little skeptical, "It's just a little better, it shouldn't make much difference, right?" ”

"Your Majesty, firearms have developed from the assault muskets of the Song Dynasty to the current firearms, and their power has not changed much in the past few hundred years. Therefore, the minister felt that even if Mr. Qin made any changes on it, it would not change much. Li Shanchang said.

"Not bad. It's impossible to make the firecracker powerful. Hu Weiyong said.

"That Mr. Qin is only a little more educated, and the improvement of firearms requires extremely skilled craftsmen of the Ordnance Bureau to do it." Another minister said, "He is just a private school gentleman, and he has never touched ordnance, what big change can he make?" ”