Wu Yong followed Cheng Huang to the gate of Huaguang Palace, and was allowed to enter after the confessor went in to pay respects. When the two entered the hall, they found that Liu Hong, the son of heaven, had not yet begun to study.

At this time, the Son of Heaven sat at the top, and there was an old man in plain clothes at the bottom. Wu Yong hurriedly stepped forward to salute, and Liu Hong asked with some displeasure: "Cheng Huang, why did you two come so slowly, today Wu Shiyu listened to the lecture for the first time, and I specially asked Master Yang to wait for him to come before teaching the Five Classics." Cheng Huang hurriedly knelt on the ground, and said with sincere fear: "Your Majesty, when the slave maid came out of the Chongde Palace, he thought that he was close to Yongle Palace, so he first took Wu Shiyu to meet His Majesty's biological mother, Empress Xiaoren, and then rushed to Nangong to see the Empress Dowager. Liu Hong was stunned for a moment and sighed: "I forgive you for your innocence, you also have a heart, the Taifu only asked Wu Shiyu to see the Queen Mother, but I didn't expect you to take him to see Empress Xiaoren, so it's okay, the queen mother and the mother both know about the existence of Wu Shiyu, and it will save trouble in the future." Then he introduced to Wu Yong: "The one who came to lecture for me today is Teacher Guangluxun Yang Ci, there are only teachers and students during the study period, there is no respect and humility, and you don't have to be nervous." Then he pointed to the cushion and the low table on the lower right, and said, "You will sit there from now on." ”

"Thank you, Your Majesty!" Wu Yong hurriedly saluted, and then turned around to greet Yang Ci according to the teacher's salute. Yang Ci nodded at him and said with a slight smile: "I didn't expect you to be so young!" Since Taifu and Sangong have both been admitted to school, the old man will not do this boring thing. Let me ask you, how is Mengxue? ”

"Back to Master Yang, the Book of Mengxue has long been memorized, and now I am studying the Five Classics." This is not the time to be modest, Wu Yong said honestly.

Yang Ci was stunned for a moment, and then sighed: "The Son of Heaven has a unique vision, and he can find you, a rural prodigy." At this time, Liu Hong also laughed and said: "Master Yang may not know that I have also made a few poems in this waiter, which are widely recited in the township. ”

"Oh, and here's it, please come and hear about it." Yang Ci was also interested in Wu Yong at this time, after all, being able to teach a prodigy is something that most teachers can not seek.

Liu Hong has a good memory, he remembers several poems made by Wu Yong, and he likes the two poems "Song of the Goose" and "Compassion for Nong" the most, which is simply a true portrayal of his life in the countryside before, and it is for this reason that Wu Yong was named to come to Tianzi to read.

As for the three songs of "Planting Wheat", "Nest" and "Acacia", he only felt that the artistic conception was good, but the meaning was missing.

After that, there was also Wu Yong's "Persuasion" in the Houhou Mansion and the "Plug" made in the Chongde Palace, all of which were recited by him with emotion.

Even Wu Yong himself didn't expect that he had unknowingly copied so many poems, and they were all renamed.

After listening to this, Yang Ci stared at Wu Yong carefully for a while, and then smiled bitterly: "I can't imagine that the old man is so old now, and he can still receive a genius like you, it is really not to underestimate the people of the world!" Then he asked Wu Yong to return to his seat, think about it, and then said to Liu Hong: "Your Majesty, Wu Shishu just came today, let's not talk about the "Book of Shang", the old minister will talk about the development process of this dynasty's scriptures." Liu Hong was stunned for a moment, and then smiled: "Good! As for the boring Pentateuch, he actually prefers to listen to some interesting stories from ancient and modern times.

With the approval of the Son of Heaven, Yang Ci talked eloquently in the main hall.

"The development process of classics in this dynasty can be divided into two stages, with Guangwu Zhongxing as the node, divided into two schools: modern and ancient classics."

"The distinction between ancient scriptures and ancient scriptures originally originated only from the difference in writing. At that time, the modern text referred to the popular official script, and the ancient text referred to the ancient script of the pre-Qin period. At the beginning of the Han Dynasty, all the scholars were modern scriptures, and there was no problem with modern and ancient scriptures. However, in the Xinmang period, Liu Zijun advocated the study of ancient scriptures, transferred Dr. Taichang's books, and wanted to establish doctors such as "Mao's Poems" and "Zuo's Spring and Autumn", so that there was a debate between ancient and modern scriptures. ”

"At first, the ancient and modern texts differed only in words, but later on there were great differences in the exegesis. Therefore, in "The Similarities and Differences of the Five Classics", Xu Shuzhong divided the Five Classics into ancient and modern classics for study. And because the family law and teacher law of the modern and ancient scriptures are different, the propositions are also very different. ”

To sum up: the predecessors are still modern, and the present people are re-ancient. Today's text is still subtle and meaningful, and the ancient text has many chapters and sentences. The predecessors were more specialized in one scripture, and now they are multi-talented and broad-minded. The predecessors were proud of Lelu, and the present people are the most proficient in their scriptures. ”

"The world's clouds: the ancestor of Confucius, the lord of the "royal system"; Ancient scholar ancestor Zhou Gong, the main "Zhou Li". Today's learning is the theory of Confucius's old age, and ancient learning is the theory of Confucius's prime. The present school is the school of scriptures, and the ancient school is the school of history. Today's learning is Qilu, and the ancient learning is Yanzhao. Today's learning is specialized, and there are many different theories in ancient learning. Speaking of this, Yang Ci sighed and said: "Originally, it was just a dispute between genres, but now it has developed into a matter of will, ancient writers denounce modern literature and scriptures as unfounded, and modern writers denounce ancient writers as fabricating to the wall." Attacking each other for a long time. Liu Hong pondered for a moment and asked, "What is the meaning of small words?" What is Exegesis? Yang Ci said: "The predecessors said that the scriptures focused on the meaning of small words, and emphasized the application of the scriptures, such as "Yu Gong" to govern the river, "Hong Fan" to detect changes, "Spring and Autumn" to break prison, and "Book of Songs" as a book, to govern a scripture to discover the political views and methods that can be used in the world in the scriptures. ”

Today's scripture teachers are mostly devoted to exegesis of chapters and verses, and many of the masters of scripture are also masters of exegesis. For example, Xu Shuzhong, Ma Jichang, and Zheng Kangcheng have all reached their peaks in the scriptures and righteous teachings. Then, Yang Ci explained the difference between the predecessors and the generalists of today.

It turned out that in the early Han Dynasty, due to the beginning of the study of scriptures, the popularity of scriptures was not widespread, and the excavation of multiple micro-words and meanings of the scriptures, so the general scriptures only kept one scripture, and it was rare to be able to pass both, like Shen Pei had both "poems" and "Spring and Autumn", and Han Ying "poems" and "Yi" were very few, and only Xiahou Shichang was able to pass all five classics.

Today, however, it is not the case with the teachers of the scriptures, and there are many people who have read the scriptures. For example, Yin Minxi's "Ouyang Shangshu", and "Mao's Poems", "Gu Liang" and "Zuo's"; Jing Luan Nengli "Qi Poems", Shi's "Yi", and also studied the study of Heluo Tuwei, and wrote "Rites and Sayings"; Xu Shen's Five Classics are unparalleled; He Xiu studied the Six Classics; Jia Kui, Ma Rong, and Zheng Xuan are all over the group classics, especially Ma Rong can pass through the eleven classics, and this kind of atmosphere of passing through the group classics is also a major feature of the Eastern Han Dynasty scriptures.

In the end, Yang Ci sighed and said: "Most of the opinions of the predecessors stopped at one or two articles, but today's interpretation of the scriptures is extremely cumbersome. ”

Ban Mengjian's "Hanshu Art and Literature Chronicles" once said: Ancient scholars, ploughing and raising, three years and through an art, save its general, just play the scriptures, so use less days and accumulate more virtues, thirty and five classics are also established. Later generations have been said to have been obedient, and the erudite scholars do not think about the meaning of doubt, and flee in a broken way, so they use clever words, destroy the body, and say that the five-character text is as long as 20,000 or 30,000 words, and the latter will rush away. Therefore, the young child guards an art, and then can speak, settle his habits, destroy what he sees, and finally deceive himself, which is also a great trouble for this scholar. ”

"The world's clouds: the erudition of Confucianism is also, the name of the object, the details of the instrument, the discipline of the exegesis, the excerpt of its chapters and sentences, and can not unify its righteousness, in order to win the heart of the king, this is tantamount to the female history of reciting poems, the internal erection of the order, so that the scholar thinks about it and does not know, and it takes days and months without success."

"After four hundred years of development, the scriptures of this dynasty have experienced the controversy between modern and ancient texts, the dispute between Qilu, and the influence of various factors such as yin and yang, the five elements, the weft, and political turmoil, and many factions have been formed, but they are all based on advocating education, so that the people can live and work in peace and contentment, and the court will be stable for a long time." After speaking, he looked at Liu Hong, the Son of Heaven, and said: "Your Majesty must not suppress the development of ancient scriptures because of your personal preference for modern literature and scriptures, and then it will lead to a dominant family and sinners through the ages." ”

"Good, Master Yang is worthy of being a family heirloom, and his insights are really eye-opening! Qing's words are like nectar after rain, and I must obey them. Saying that, Liu Hong sighed again: "If everyone can be as broad-minded as Master Yang, why should the court worry about the plight of the homeless people, the world is uncertain." Yang Ci bowed down and said: "Your Majesty has praised it, the old minister just wants to do more for the court." Then he turned to Wu Yong and asked, "You will serve the Son of Heaven in the future, do you know the origin of "Ouyang Shangshu" and "Huan Jun's Big and Small Taichang Chapters"?" Wu Yong was stunned, he didn't expect Yang Ci to ask him this question, and immediately understood that this was Yang Ci mentioning him, and Liu Hong, the Son of Heaven, was selected as the emperor for these two scriptures, and as the Son of Heaven to read, he should be proficient in his heart.

Nowadays, although there are not many people who are proficient in these two scriptures, they are very famous, and Wu Yong has also seen several volumes of reproduced bamboo slips in Zhuo Wenxuan's study, and he immediately didn't want to answer: "At the beginning, Rong Shou Zhu Puxue chapters and sentences are 400,000 words, and the rhetoric is too long, and it is too much. and was honored as a supreme sect, reduced to 230,000 words. Yu Fu deleted the province to 120,000 words. Because there is "Huan Jun's size is too often chapter and sentence". Then he said: "Jinan Fusheng passed on the "Book of Shang", and awarded Jinan Zhang Sheng and Qiancheng Ouyang Sheng. Ouyang Sheng awarded the same county Ni Kuan, and gave Ouyang Sheng the son of Ouyang Sheng, passed down from generation to generation, to his great-grandson Ouyang Gao, for the 'Shangshu Ouyang Shixue', is for the "Ouyang Shangshu".

“

"Yes, you can know these things at a young age, it seems that what you just said about studying the Five Classics is not a lie!" Yang Ci nodded with satisfaction, and then asked, "Since you have read the Five Classics, you can know that there is a chapter in it: 'Keming Junde, to pro-the Nine Clans. The nine tribes are harmonious, and the people are peaceful. The people are clear, and the nations are in harmony. Where did it come from, and what was the explanation? Wu Yong thought for a moment and said, "This statement is from "Shangshu Yaodian". The meaning of the boy's understanding is: a person who is sensible and has noble moral sentiments can influence a family, make his family harmonious, and will affect the people of one side, and the people will unite as one, and the country will be harmonious and prosperous. Speaking of this, Wu Yong remembered that there will always be people in the future who will talk about the country's righteousness, so that others should have a view of the overall situation and not care about personal gains and losses, and he himself ran faster than anyone else when the country was in danger.

Just like there is a saying in later generations that says very well: What is the most despicable and shameless of all human behaviors?

It is the most shameless act for the holders of power and those who flatter the powerful to hide in safe places, sing the praises of the greatness of the country, and force the sacrifice of those who have nothing to do with them in the name of patriotism and sacrifice!