Chapter 431: The Treaty of Jiangning
As the front line of the expedition to Japan specially approved by the emperor, the officials of Gyeongju, an important town in the south of Sanggyeong-do, only felt that they were unlucky, they enjoyed the happiness here, how could they become the front line in a blink of an eye?
However, they did not dare to disobey the emperor's will, so they could only curse in their hearts while waiting for the army from the Xia Dynasty.
In the first month of the 10th year of Wu'an, the Japanese delegation from Edo arrived in Jiangning City, and the mission presented tribute gifts from Japan to His Majesty the Emperor to pray for the emperor's blessing.
However, the more they learned, the more frightened the Japanese mission became, and the evidence they gathered showed that the Xia Dynasty was indeed preparing for an expedition to Japan, that the Kingdom of Korea had officially changed its name to Zhengdongxing Province, and that the First and Second Fleets stationed in Jiangning and Shandong had also set sail for Korea.
Knowing this, the Japanese mission was frightened, and no longer concerned about the so-called etiquette, and hurriedly returned to Edo by boat to report the bad news to the shogun.
Shortly after the departure of the Japanese mission, the Russian mission from the far west finally arrived in Jiangning, escorted by the Mongol cavalry.
The Tsarist Russian envoy was accustomed to the extreme cold in the north, and was still a little unaccustomed to the warm Jiangning City for a while, and even vomited and pulled for several days, although the Tsarist Russian ambassador wanted to support himself to meet the emperor, but because of physical reasons, he could only lie in the hall for more than half a month, and then enter the palace to ask for a meeting.
However, the emperor did not intend to receive them in person, Su Yan was mainly the cabinet assistant Kong Xingxi, and Honglu Siqing and Dong Xuan, the right attendant of the Ministry of Rites, were the deputies, receiving the Tsarist Russian delegation and responsible for negotiating with the Tsarist Russian mission.
The negotiations were not pleasant.
At least for the Russian ambassador Valery was not pleasant, at the meeting, Kong Xingxi's attitude was aggressive, he said that the reason why the two countries went to war was because the Russian army invaded the Heilongjiang River valley without authorization, built the Yaksa Castle, bullied and slaughtered the people of the Xia Dynasty, and the Xia army was just forced to fight back.
Although Valery knew that this was his own fault, he believed that since the Xia army was forced to fight back, it was enough to recover the Yaksa Castle, why should he launch a large-scale northern expedition to seize most of the Tsarist strongholds in Siberia, and also set up the Buryat Protectorate here.
For this reason, he expressed a strong protest, believing that the Xia Dynasty had invaded the legitimate territory of Tsarist Russia in the Far East, and hoped that the Xia Dynasty would withdraw from Siberia, abolish the Buryat Protectorate, and return the territory of Tsarist Russia.
The negotiations reached an impasse and could only be put to a temporary end, and the next day, Valery reversed yesterday's unreasonable demands, saying that the cause of the war was caused by the unauthorized actions of the Russian army in the Far East, and that the Tsarist side was also a victim.
He asked the Xia army to stop continuing to advance westward, the two sides temporarily ceased fighting on the current border, and the two sides sent missions to each other to negotiate the national border, so that there was no need to waste a lot of manpower and material resources in this unnecessary war.
It is worth mentioning that when the Tsarist Russian mission came into contact with the Xia army, the Xia army had already marched westward under the leadership of Li Laiheng, and continued to advance the border line to the area further west.
While the two countries were negotiating, the Xia army did not stop attacking, and the Xia army successively defeated the Tsarist Russian Far East garrison that blocked them, and its front was blocked by the long and tall Ural Mountains.
After the Xia army was blocked by the Ural Mountains, it temporarily stopped advancing, not only because the road ahead was impassable, but also because the battle line was too long, and the Xia army's supply lines could not keep up.
The Xia army of the Western Expedition was like the Mongolian Western Expedition hundreds of years ago, mainly cavalry, and the speed of their march was naturally needless to say.
After the battle line was stretched, the Xia army, which lacked supplies, could only stop for the time being and send a military report to the country, asking if it would continue to advance westward.
The period of negotiation between the two missions happened to be the time when Li Laiheng's military report was sent back to Jiangning.
And this military report was not deliberately concealed, as soon as the Tsarist Russian mission heard that the Xia army had touched the Ural Mountains, they immediately became anxious.
If the Xia army was allowed to continue to advance westward and cross the Ural River to attack Tsarist Russia in Europe, it would really be easier to please the gods than to send the gods.
Hence this scene of Valery's confession.
However, Su Yan was not ready to continue to move westward, Xia Jun could fight all the way to the Eurasian dividing line, which was beyond his imagination, and he knew that he could not become a fat man in one go, so he replied to Li Laiheng and asked Li Laiheng to temporarily hold his troops, and also instructed Kong Xingxi to prepare to accept peace talks with Tsarist Russia.
Continuing to the west, crossing the Ural Mountains is the mainland of Tsarist Russia in Europe, Su Yan is not clear about the strength of Tsarist Russia's domination over the areas close to the Ural Mountains during this time period, but he can be very sure that once the Xia army crosses the Ural Mountains and appears in Europe, the Russian army will definitely be more vigilant and focus more on the east.
The reason why the Russian army is now able to tolerate the annexation of Siberia by the Xia army is because their main force is at war with Poland, and the war with Poland is more important than Siberia, which cannot integrate resources for their own use.
However, if the Xia army crossed the Ural Mountains and threatened the mainland of Tsarist Russia, Tsar Alexei I would certainly not tolerate this happening, and he would most likely choose to make an armistice with Poland and transfer all the troops on the Western Front to the east to guard against the Xia army.
The Xia army did not have the ability to transfer a large number of troops to the west to start a war with Tsarist Russia, and the army under Li Laiheng was only more than 20,000 people at this time, and most of them were cavalry, and the Russian army, which had entered the stage of hot weapons, had little chance of winning on its own soil.
Therefore, regardless of whether there will be a war in the future, the current Xia army will definitely not be able to continue to advance westward.
And now the Xia army has taken the vast Siberian region east of the Ural Mountains in just a few years, although this area is considered a traditional no-man's land, sparsely populated, and it takes almost several days to meet a family, but such a large area also needs to be slowly absorbed.
Su Yan's idea was that before the next war, the Xia army would build a large number of castle strongholds in Siberia, follow the method of gradual encroachment on Siberia by Tsarist Russia, and gradually control the entire Siberian region.
Only by further increasing the ability to control in Siberia can further fantasize about a march into Europe.
……
The emperor's will also affected the process at the negotiating table, and after more than a month of heated discussions between the two sides, in March of the 10th year of Wu'an, the two countries finally reached a consensus, and the treaty entered into force as the representatives of the ambassadors of both sides signed and sealed the treaty written in Chinese and Russian.
In a sense, this peace treaty was actually an unequal treaty for Tsarist Russia, and the content of this treaty, which was later called the "Sino-Russian Jiangning Treaty", was as follows:
1. The two countries will use the Ural Mountains-Ural River line as their border, and this border line will be called the "Ural Line", Russia will control the west of the "Ural Line", and the Xia Dynasty will control the east of the "Ural Line", and Russia will recognize the legitimacy of the Xia Dynasty to Siberia***.
2. The two countries shall conduct trade at the official level, and allow the merchants of the two countries to carry out trade in each other's territory, and promise to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the merchants of the two countries.
3. Russia admits defeat and apologizes for the brutal massacre of civilians in the Heilongjiang River valley, the Xia Dynasty releases all Russian prisoners of war captive, and Russia compensates 500,000 rubles, which will be paid off in five years.
……
As soon as the treaty was signed, it was immediately published in the imperial court in the newspapers and circulated throughout the country, announcing the good news to the whole world.
In the cheers of Jiangning City, the Tsarist Russian delegation embarked on the journey back to China in embarrassment, and Kong Xingxi personally presented the treaty to the emperor.
In Mobei, the generals of the Xia army who established the main fight against Tsarist Russia and occupied Siberia were also richly rewarded.
On the side of Heilongjiang Dusi, Beixi Marquis Wang Yi got his wish, was canonized as the Duke of Yanguo, rewarded 2,000 taels of silver, gave 1,000 acres of land, Zhao Liangdong fought against Tsarist Russia in the first battle, recovered Yaxa, captured Nebuchu, promoted to martial arts marquis, rewarded 500 taels of silver, Wang Jinbao captured Yakutsk, killed the highest governor of the Russian Far East, and rewarded 500 taels of silver.
On the side of the Mobei Protectorate, Linguo Gong
Li Laiheng broke the Russian army, expeditioned to the Ural line, changed the title of Duke of Qi, added a small title, rewarded 5,000 taels of silver, gave 2,000 acres of land, Fu Xinghua made meritorious contributions to the expedition of Tsarist Russia, sealed Anxibo, rewarded 500 taels of silver, and the deputy capital Hun Dorji also made meritorious contributions to the expedition of Tsarist Russia, considering that he was a Mongolian prince, he was not knighted, and was rewarded with 500 taels of silver.
In addition, the commanders of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Cavalry Brigades were also rewarded, but they were not promoted, but were also rewarded with silver.
After the reward, it was up to the Siberian region.
The original Buryat Protectorate was bounded by the Irtysh River, which was no longer suitable for such a large Siberian region, so Su Yan decided to use the Irtysh River as the boundary, with the Buryat Protectorate to the east and the Simberian Protectorate to the west.
The administrative planning of the Imperial Prefecture was different from that of the interior, and the actual scope of control was only around the castle strongholds and outposts, and the farther areas could only be ruled in name, in other words, the territory of the territory.
This is also something that cannot be helped, only when transportation develops to the extent of train tracks, can the distance between the vast Siberia be shortened, and the various settlements can be connected to each other more quickly.
Considering that Li Laiheng was more familiar with Siberia, the imperial court finally decided to change Li Laiheng to the position of the Grand Protector of the Xianbeilian Metropolitan Protectorate, and the post of the Grand Protector of the Buryat Metropolitan Protectorate had been vacant, and Fu Xinghua would take the position.
And the Mobei Metropolitan Protectorate, the purpose of setting it up was to guard against Tsarist Russia and prepare for war, but now that Tsarist Russia has been driven to the west, the Mobei Metropolitan Protectorate has no meaning to continue to exist.
The imperial court abolished the Mobei Protectorate and changed it to the Khalkha League, with Tushetu Khan Chahun Dorji as the leader of the alliance, which was also regarded as a reward for his bravery in the war against Tsarist Russia.