Chapter 935: The Rhineland's Political Crisis
Following the outbreak of economic crises of varying degrees in Britain and the United States, the European continent could not escape the fate of being affected by the economic crisis.
As the first country in Germany in terms of industrialization and the third largest industrial scale in Europe (the first two are Britain and France), the development speed of the Kingdom of Prussia since 1850 can be called a big change in a year, not to mention the development speed of the old Britain and France, even compared with the development speed of the United States of America.
The fast-growing Kingdom of Prussia concealed some of the national and class contradictions, and the well-to-do Prussian citizens turned their love of politics into the pursuit of assets, and few people remember what happened in 1851.
[PS: The class contradiction here refers to the contradiction between the Junker landlord class and the industrial bourgeoisie.
In 1851, in order to win the favor of the Russian Empire, the Prussian regent ordered the garrison of East Prussia to enter Berlin together with the return group, which caused a tragic mass of 10,000 people in Berlin.
The bicameral system was abolished, and the Junker aristocracy regained control of the entire Kingdom of Prussia. 】
Even many Juncker-controlled newspapers openly advocated the Estates-General, believing that only under the Estates-General would the Kingdom of Prussia become truly rich and powerful.
However, the Junkers did not seem to notice that the third estate of the Estates-General, like the original France, was responsible for more taxes than the first and second estates, and had less political interests than the first and second estates.
The Third Estate had managed to gain its rights, but was completely lost in the turmoil of 1851.
If Prussia itself had not been in rapid development, some of the middle class and industrial bourgeoisie in the Kingdom of Prussia would have risen up in rebellion.
However, economic prosperity could not last forever, and the Kingdom of Prussia, under the barbaric development, was able to barely suppress the opponents below when the economy as a whole was prosperous.
Once the Kingdom of Prussia fell into an economic crisis, those hidden undercurrents would completely swallow the Kingdom of Prussia in an instant.
In mid-December, the economic crisis in the Kingdom of Prussia began to erupt.
On the first day of the economic crisis, the bonds of the Kingdom of Prussia on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange fell at a rate of 10% per hour.
Many of the stockholders crouching on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange stared at the numbers on their boards with horrified expressions, and some stockholders with the railway bonds of the Kingdom of Prussia frantically poured in to get their money back, just like the shareholders of the United States of America.
The Frankfurt Stock Exchange briefly fell into chaos after being hit by the onslaught of shareholders.
The chaos lasted less than 20 minutes before it was stopped by the Nationalist Army, which rushed to hear the news, and the Frankfurt Stock Exchange took the opportunity to telegraph the news of the decline of the stock market to the Berlin and Koblenz representative offices (located in Lyinland, the capital of the province of Lyinland). )
The local stocks of Berlin and Koblenz (mainly railway-related, e.g. the steel industry, the timber market) also fell wildly along with the fall of Frankfurt, and the shareholders and industrial capitalists in Berlin and Koblenz also had a look of despair on their faces after seeing the decline in stocks
By the time the Frankfurt Stock Exchange closed, the Kingdom of Prussia's railway bonds were less than 60% of what they had been trading at the beginning, equivalent to 40 percent of their assets being wiped out.
During the period of liberal capitalism, there was no such thing as a limit on the stock market.
A circuit breaker like that of later generations has not been established in any country except France.
Therefore, even if the railway bonds of the Kingdom of Prussia fall to only 10% of the opening price, as long as they are not bankrupt, they can continue to be listed.
If it were really 10%, the Prussian railway companies would have basically gone bankrupt.
Here, by the way, the vast majority of the current railway companies in Prussia belong to companies owned by the Kingdom of Prussia.
The interests of the railroads were entirely for the benefit of the army, so Moltke was able to easily get the railroad companies to obey his arrangement.
Therefore, the fall of the railway bonds of the Kingdom of Prussia had a more fatal impact on the whole of Prussia than on the United States of America.
On the first day of the fall of Prussian railway bonds, the market gave a downward response, and nearly 100 enterprises in the Berlin and Koblenz regions declared bankruptcy, the vast majority of which were steel and timber companies.
Many industrial capitalists and bankers began to panic, and people took their expiring and soon-to-be-expired promissory notes to the comptoirs, willing to exchange them at a lower price than the promissory notes.
However, the Prussian comptoires now have no money in their hands, and all their money has been invested in the industrial capitalists, who now have only promissory notes and stocks in the hands of the industrial capitalists.
Unable to bear the pressure of exchange, many old commercial houses took promissory notes and bonds in their hands and demanded that the industrial capitalists they invested in exchange them.
The industrial capitalists at this moment were also unable to exchange promissory notes because they had no orders on hand.
Neither the company nor the firm had the option to redeem the promissory note, and thus went bankrupt.
Take the famous Ugbe comptoir, for example, which claimed to have 20 million marks in deposits before the economic crisis, and it can be said that it won the hearts of Prussian savings users.
However, such a "well-funded" comptoir declared bankruptcy a week after the beginning of the economic crisis, and when the staff of the Kingdom of Prussia counted the liabilities of the Urgbe comptoir, 7 million of the 13 million marks of the 13 million marks of the development of the Urgebe comptoir were worth the bills, and the old comptoir had only a pitiful 300,000 marks in its hands to maintain their huge debts.
The poor Prussian savers and those with the Ugber comptoir's promissory notes had no choice but to swallow the bitter fruit alone.
In the week following the economic crisis, the Prussian kingdom's railway bonds had fallen to less than 25% of their peak (a period when there was no large-scale sell-off in the French Empire), and the textiles, steel, and coal industries had also fallen to half of their original levels.
The development of the entire Kingdom of Prussia was cut short by the economic crisis, and nearly 300,000 workers were sent into society.
To make matters worse, there was no end in sight to the decline of the Kingdom of Prussia.
Every day, dozens of businesses go bankrupt, and more workers are directed into society.
Those workers and white-collar workers who had no jobs, under the guidance of some foreign forces, domestic republicans, and national forces, once again recalled the tragedy of 1851.
Organized by constitutionalists, republicans and Catholics in Prussia, a series of demonstrations began in Koblenz.
Almost every day, nearly 10,000 people march through the streets of Koblenz in a variety of ways.
When the police and the National Army in Koblenz saw this, they did not expel them, as they had done before, but took a resigned approach.
After all, they are also people from the Inlan area, and they don't dare to kill these demonstrators.
Not to mention that there were Catholics in the crowd, and if they did beat the Catholic demonstrators, they would be at risk of being "cyberbullied to death" throughout Laiinlan.
The Catholic forces in the Inland area have a great influence on the guilds in the Inland area, and a large part of the people in the Inland area rely on Catholicism from birth to entry, and in this case, people who are a little sensible will not choose to dig their own graves.
Moreover, the Prussian Protestant buns who came from the east to serve the local police and the Nationalist army in Inland also harbored deep malice.
As a result of a combination of factors, Lyinland became the first province in the Kingdom of Prussia to become turbulent.
Seeing this, the garrison stationed in Koblenz immediately sent a telegram to Wilhelm, the regent of Prussia, who was far away in Berlin, asking the regent to allow them to enter Koblenz as they did in 1851 and remove the "cancer" of Koblenz.
However, the garrison stationed in Koblenz did not know at the moment, and the regent of Berlin was also in trouble.
The precipitous fall of Prussian railway bonds not only plunged all walks of life into crisis in the Kingdom of Prussia, but also put the Kingdom's finances in a state of extreme danger.
In order to save the Prussian railway, Wilhelm had invested more than 50 million marks in a row, and these marks were like a pebble thrown into the sea, without any movement at all.
Just when Wilhelm I wanted to continue to invest in the mark to pull back the price of the railway bonds, the Chancellor of the Exchequer told Wilhelm I that the Kingdom of Britain was selling off the national bonds of the Kingdom of Prussia in the market.
If the Kingdom of Prussia does not leave some funds for the bottom line, the national debt of the entire Kingdom of Prussia will follow in the footsteps of the Prussian railway bonds.
When the regent William heard the news, he immediately scolded, "Those damn British, why do they have to choose to sell at this time!" ”
"Your Majesty the Regent, the crisis in the Kingdom of Britain is even more serious!" The Chancellor of the Exchequer replied respectfully to the Regent William, "This has resulted in them having to sell bonds in the European market as soon as possible to sustain their country's declining economy!" ”
"Why don't they sell the bonds of the French! They also have a lot of French national debt! William the Regent scolded again.
"Your Majesty, France also has a large amount of British national debt!" The Chancellor of the Exchequer replied to the Regent.
"......" William the Regent was silent.
The sorrow of the Kingdom of Prussia lies in the fact that they developed too late.
At this time, the Minister of War, Ron, also brought heavy news from Koblenz to Wilhelm I, which made Wilhelm I's blood pressure even higher.