In the 18th century, France was the most populous country in Europe.

From the 19th century onwards, its birth rate began to decline.

In 1801 the population of France was 27 million, the second in Europe (the first being Tsarist Russia) with a birth rate of 32, and the birth rate fell every year after that, from 26 in 1851 to 22 in 1901.

France is one of the countries in the world with the earliest decline in the birth rate.

France is the first country in the history of mankind where the birth rate does not decline due to war or famine or/or other negative social causes.

Birth control was not an invention of the 19th century, it appeared in France in the 18th century, and there were many of them, and after the French Revolution, birth control appeared in large numbers in France, and by the 19th century it had spread to the common people.

This led to a sharp decline in the birth rate in France, coupled with a decrease in mortality rates in the 19th century.

The French population is aging, and the aging of the population, in turn, inhibits the rise in the birth rate.

Here's why: (top to bottom)

The influence of the hedonistic consumption outlook of the French upper class.

During the transition period from a hierarchical monarchy to an absolute monarchy in France, the French royal family took the practice of collecting the power of the nobles and keeping the nobles in captivity in order to strengthen the royal power and deprive the nobles of their powers.

By the time of Louis XIV, the Palace of Versailles was built on the outskirts of Paris, where the aristocracy gathered, riding horses and hunting during the day, and singing and dancing banquets at night, and the extravagant life became a true portrayal of the French upper class.

The aristocracy ate, drank, and had a bad private life, but in a country like France, where Catholicism was still strong, they could not openly violate the Catholic canon of monogamy, so they made friends with lovers. Make sure that your family is pure and that you can indulge in pleasures. These aristocrats were the first to adopt birth control measures in France.

According to the principles of sociology, the middle and lower classes of society always try to imitate the lifestyles and habits of the upper classes and do everything possible to get into this place, which is called "imitation"

Therefore, the French bourgeoisie in the 19th century did not convert all money into capital, like the English Protestants, but imitated the aristocracy and pursued a comfortable life and social status, so they also controlled childbirth and limited the size of the family.

Since Louis XIV and Louis XV, "birth control" has not been a topic of secrecy in France, but the scope of practice is not very large.

Since the nineteenth century, many of the French urban petty bourgeoisie, in order to ensure their social status, refused to have more children.

In order to protect one's social status, or to improve one's social competitiveness, one should refrain from having too many children or even refuse to have children altogether.

The French people's voluntary abstinence from childbirth due to economic and social status considerations was called the social capillary phenomenon by the French sociologist and demographer Arsene Dumont (1849-1902).

The "birth control" of the French peasants at the bottom is related to the way of inheritance of property, especially land, in France.

France has historically been an agricultural powerhouse.

It was not until 1931 that the urban population surpassed the rural population.

Napoleon's Civil Code clearly stipulates that all children must share the inheritance equally, which led to a large number of Malthusians in rural France. Voluntary birth control is intended to prevent one's land from being divided equally among many children.

Until the 70s of the 19th century, the French population was the first in Europe except Russia, but the mainland area of France in the nineteenth century was not as large as Texas, but the population was tens of millions.

Braudel (Fernand Braudel (1902-1985), a French historian and representative of the Annals school, said: "It is easier for me to believe that France, which has been populous and rich in products since ancient times, has long suffered from overpopulation. And he argues that "French overpopulation was a fact as early as the 16th century."

Colin McEvedy (1930-2005), a British psychiatrist, historian, demographer, and writer, also argues that the French "Middle Ages had reached the limits set by the Malthusian theory of demography." ”

The pressure of competition within the population is one of the major reasons for the French self-birth control in addition to the highest ruling class and aristocratic class.

Source: Baidu Academic, Love Academic, CNKI, "The Decline of the Birth Rate in France", "The Slow Growth of the French Population in the Nineteenth Century and Its Causes", "The Trajectory and Causes of Population Change in Modern France", etc

Why do you have to check so much information and delete it countless times when you write a male protagonist who sells condoms?

In fact, the outline is to sell to the northern United States first and start a market, and then Europe

But I don't want to be like that kind of illogical history text, just make a lot of money by making soap, perfume, glass, looms, etc.

If only lower-cost, better-performing goods can be sold in a big way, why can't the ordinary goods of the Europeans in the late Qing Dynasty, such as cloth, be sold in the Celestial Empire?

Because the ordinary people were exploited by the Manchus to the point that they could only afford to eat, not only the Manchus, but also in the entire feudal history of the Celestial Empire, there was no dynasty and a period that could ensure that the ordinary people at the grassroots level had the surplus money to buy consumer goods, and those who had the money to buy such consumer goods were all small landlords and above.

The emergence of a new product is not only to consider whether the product itself is excellent, but also to consider whether the thing appeared in history in advance, and whether anyone will pay for it.

The things that the male protagonist sells in my article are all things that are really in demand in this area at this point in history.

Before the comprehensive anti-drug in the United States in the 10s of the 20th century, there were hundreds of thousands of large tobacco houses and marijuana halls in the United States, and tens of millions of people smoked all kinds of different addictive substances.

This is the historical basis and human nature basis for the male protagonist's drug to sell well. Let me tell you again, illegal drugs are really far away from it, and you should call the 24-hour police hotline when you see it

Cigarettes can also not be touched, the tar and other substances in cigarettes are not less harmful than some drugs, but the average person's cigarette intake is small, and there is no addict who has a high tolerance after the intake of large doses of intake is large.

And the other commodities of the male protagonist, fertilizers, dyes, general medicines, etc., are all commodities and goods that are indeed in demand in the United States in this era

Even so, I didn't go crazy in the United States as soon as it was launched, but relied on low prices and complimentary drugs and women's eyeball sales to start selling in a small area

The feminist help sell things is also a reference to the tragic fate of feminism in the Civil War.

Interested readers can take a look at these great and helpless, firm and confused, praiseworthy and pathetic history of the American women's liberation movement.

These sad and singing female fighters really grasped all the "straws" that could improve the status of women.

The engineering technology of the male protagonist in my article is basically locked.,Try not to surpass the times.,Simple airplane wingsOrdinary people may watch popular science videos and know the shape imitation.,Even if you don't know the principle, you can do a shape to experiment.。

Regardless of the cost, there are a large number of experiments in the general direction, and the success rate will always be higher than that of the original history.

But munitions and stuff, especially machine guns or something, I don't believe that an ordinary person can get it.

In short, the outline of my essay is very simple, but it is still not fast to write, because I pursue this kind of irrelevant "details" that are not pursued by ordinary street boys, and in this way, I also know that some of my details are definitely not in line with history.

But I hope that every reader who tries my best to see my new street-fighting historical essay will not have a glance at the common-sense details of history when reading other historical texts.

By the way, I believe everyone can also see that the male protagonist is a pure capitalist image with no bottom line, no lower limit, and is dedicated to himself, so many of the male protagonist's behaviors are not in line with modern thought.