The level of scientific and technological development in this world has accelerated by almost 100 years compared with the same period in history.

However, there is not enough time and experience to accumulate various international systems and agreements.

The most important set of Geneva Conventions has not yet appeared, or has not yet been structured and documented.

Some people have made similar appeals, but governments have not yet reached formal consultations and agreements.

Zhu Jingyuan first listed them.

Zhu Jingyuan doesn't remember the original text of those documents, but his ideas and ideas are clear.

It is the restriction of special weapons, the protection of prisoners of war and civilians, the protection of medical personnel, and the basic requirements are also imposed.

In accordance with this direction, Zhu Jingyuan listed the most basic points, and asked the officials of Honglu Temple to diverge their thinking and complete the compilation of detailed contents.

With Zhu Jingyuan's guidance, the content of the relevant regulations is very rich.

At the same time, the provisions of the conventions on the prohibition of biological weapons such as bacteria and viruses and chemical weapons such as toxins have been incorporated into the war-related conventions.

However, considering the actual situation, anti-infantry mines and cluster bombs were not added.

The current pattern of warfare does not prevent the use of such weapons.

The details were all in the documents issued, and Zhu Jingyuan only talked about the outline, and then set aside time for the deputies to read first.

In addition to these war-related conventions, Zhu Jingyuan also put forward a large number of common agreements in other aspects.

Territory, airspace, territorial sea related concepts and rights related to the relevant provisions and conventions.

Convention on the Protection of Flora and Fauna of Mountains, Forests and Waters against Biological Invasions.

Convention on the Attribution and Protection of Cultural Monuments on the Ground and in Haiti.

Considering the current general level of culture and reality in the world, there are some things that are not listed for granted, such as the prohibition of child labor.

The most crucial part of these provisions, the rules of war, was quite agreed with by many delegates.

On the whole, it reflects the internal logic of controlling the war and protecting soldiers and civilians, and it is quite fair on the whole.

I just feel that some places are too strict and may be difficult to implement, so I am going to put forward them together after marking them a little.

But there is something behind that the delegates feel incomprehensible.

Questions were also raised quickly.

Prince Charles of France, the historical Louis XVII, this young man seems very surprised:

"Your Royal Highness the Great Food King, the ancient forests of the Yajiang Rainforest, the Nanyang Rainforest, and the Congo Rainforest, do they really produce one-third of the earth's oxygen production?

"If they are destroyed, will it really be difficult for us to breathe? Will a large number of animals and even humans die? ”

Of course not.

The rainforests in these three places don't play that big of a role.

However, Zhu Jingyuan personally likes mountains and forests, and does not want those mountains and forests to be destroyed, especially in this era when environmental damage is most serious.

At the same time, Zhu Jingyuan remembered that he had read some articles on the Internet in his previous life that he didn't know whether they were true or false.

The southeastern corner of the Congo region is home to the world's most abundant uranium mine, from which the uranium ore used for the atomic bomb dropped on Japan in World War II was mined.

But the Congo was not a major exporter of uranium in later generations, and could only be counted as "other".

This shows that even if there is uranium ore in the local area, the actual reserves should not be high.

The world's most important uranium ore distribution areas, Australia, Kazakhstan, and Canada, have been taken by the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Jingyuan did not want to occupy the Congo for a little uranium.

But at the same time, Daming didn't want the Congo, the "world's raw material warehouse", to be used by the Taixi countries, let alone be destroyed by them.

Therefore, it is ready to "seal" this land in the name of protecting the lungs of the earth.

Environmental protection is actually a means to limit the development of backward areas.

It is conducive to maintaining the advantages of relatively developed countries and allowing countries with a sufficiently large territory to gain greater advantages.

Now that the Ming Dynasty has an advantage in territory and industry, it can start using environmental protection to make a fuss in advance.

With the level of technology and culture in this era, it is still difficult for people to understand what environmental protection is, let alone believe in environmental protection.

But it is possible to start building and strengthening the understanding now, and when the rhetoric for the future of all mankind is gradually systematized, it will be difficult for the other side to reject it directly.

So Zhu Jingyuan's face was not red, he was not panting, and he gave a positive reply with compassion:

"Yes, the information I know is true, and the rainforests in these three places have a huge impact on the air of the earth.

"He is like the lungs of the whole earth, and to protect them is to protect the health and freedom of all of us.

"That's why I mentioned that we, the Ming Dynasty, are responsible for protecting the rainforests of Nanyang and Yajiang, while the Taixi countries are jointly responsible for protecting the Congolese rainforests.

"No country or individual shall destroy the forests and water bodies in the corresponding areas, and shall not open up mountains for mining in the corresponding areas.

"In addition, the earth's 'kidneys', lakes and other surface water bodies and wetlands should also be protected.

"It is proposed that a special agency be set up under the League of Nations to oversee and manage the protection of mountains, forests and water bodies around the world."

Prince Charles was still a little innocent, so he subconsciously nodded and said:

"If this is true, then there is a need for protection, to protect the common future of humanity......"

However, the representatives of the imperial courts of the Taixi countries were vaguely aware of the inner influence.

They don't know how much they actually do to protect the environment, but if they go too far, they will undoubtedly limit their own development.

We don't have many lands and colonies in the first place, and you still have to restrict the development of mountains, forests and water bodies, do we still have a place to use them?

So there was soon a dispute here, and representatives of the imperial courts of several countries were opposed to excessive protection.

It is absolutely not permissible to extend the so-called protection to all "mountains, forests and water bodies", this concept is too fatal.

After half an hour of arguing, the two sides finally agreed tentatively that the clear scope of protection of mountains, forests and water bodies would be limited to Congo and Yajiang for the time being.

Whether or not to expand the scope and type in the future will be further discussed after the League of Nations is established.

The Taixi countries feel that they are not at a loss, Congo is still a terra nullius, but Yajiang is already a Ming dynasty.

I don't understand at all, Zhu Jingyuan was not ready to develop the Yajiang rainforest, and now he is only additionally sealing the Congo River basin.

Then Spanish Prime Minister Manuel opened his mouth and provoked another key topic:

"Your Royal Highness, we think that the territorial waters of the three nautical miles are too narrow, and this is the range of artillery in the era of pre-loading guns.

"We think it should be expanded to at least 12 nautical miles, and the range of artillery is now up to 12 nautical miles."

Zhu Jingyuan replied a little helplessly:

"The actual reason is that the width of the Strait of Gibraltar is exactly seven nautical miles, and the territorial sea of three nautical miles just can't be completely covered, right?

"The territorial sea is more than three nautical miles, and the entire Strait of Gibraltar is Spanish territorial waters, right?

"Actually, Prime Minister Manuel doesn't need to be nervous, the situation in the Strait of Gibraltar has supplementary regulations later.

"Because there are other countries in the Great Qin Sea, it is not an inland sea exclusive to Spain.

"So the Strait of Gibraltar, which is the entrance and exit, and similar straits in other seas, should be considered as international straits.

"The countries bordering the straits cannot close it completely exclusively.

"No matter how wide your territorial waters are, you cannot prohibit the normal entry and exit of ships of countries across the strait.

"It's better to set up three nautical miles directly, leaving a narrow passage in the middle of Gibraltar for other countries to enter and exit freely."

In Zhu Jingyuan's previous life, he must have supported the wider the scope of territorial waters, the better.

It is even possible to learn from Peru and other countries in Yinzhou and directly claim 370 kilometers of territorial waters.

Of course, Peru is not pumping, shouting about such wide territorial waters, because the width of Peruvian fishing areas is 370 kilometers, and it can be fully encompassed.

In this world, Zhu Jingyuan began to support the territorial waters of the three nautical miles, or even lower.

Because the Ming Navy is strong, it will be even stronger in the future, and it will control the sea power in most areas.

The actual territorial waters of a maritime power state are not at all a few nautical miles wide as stipulated in international law, but the actual scope of the navy's control.

Therefore, the so-called high seas in international law are actually the actual territorial waters of the sea power hegemon.

Now the entire Daming Ocean is Daming, and no country will explicitly oppose it.

On the other hand, the width of the territorial waters of other countries is, of course, as small as possible.

The narrower the territorial waters, the more convenient it is for close-range deterrence.

The Strait of Gibraltar, in particular, is just over seven nautical miles wide.

If we calculate according to the territorial sea of three nautical miles, then even if both sides are Spanish territory, there is also a nautical mile of high sea.

Daming can enter and exit directly.

But this is not enough, some straits are less than six nautical miles, and three nautical miles of territorial waters can be sealed.

In order not to be blocked by the corresponding country, it is necessary to set up an "international strait".

This was not just for the convenience of the Ming Dynasty, but more for the settlement of the dispute between Lucia and the Ottomans.

Manuel actually saw the content, but still had to hold on.

The logic of the international strait seems to be taken for granted, but Spain, as the controlling state of the key straits, does not want to accept it.

And Spain's opposition is not for anything else, I am for blocking you Ming!

But this can't be said directly, only another way to put it:

"Even so, we still insist on at least 12 nautical miles of territorial waters, and the rules of passage cannot be allowed so easily......"

Zhu Jingyuan directly smiled and said:

"You don't have to think about the idea of completely sealing the strait, the relevant regulations must not be one regulation per strait, they must be relatively universal.

"It is impossible for Denmark and the Ottomans to completely block Lucia's access to the sea, otherwise there will be a new round of war.

"And avoiding war is the reason why we have all kinds of rules for compromise."

The Ottomans controlled the entrance to the Black Sea in Lucia, and the Swedish-Danish controlled the entrance to the Baltic Sea in Lucia.

The width of the strait in both places is very narrow, and the narrowest place is less than six nautical miles wide.

According to the basic rules of the Convention, these places will be the territorial sea or even the internal waters of the coastal state, and they should enjoy absolute sovereignty.

Therefore, Zhu Jingyuan referred to the experience of the law of the sea in later generations and asked the countries in these places to allow ships of other countries to pass through.

At the same time, however, it is stipulated that sovereignty over these waters remains with the littoral States and that they have the rightful jurisdiction.

Vessels may be required to follow their own designated shipping lanes.

Vessels of other countries must abide by the regulations of the littoral state and must not engage in anything that harms the security and interests of the littoral state.

This includes, but is not limited to, stopping the vessel for observation, testing any weapon, conducting any military training, diving through, fishing and exploration, etc.

It's really a compromise.

In full accordance with the rules of hard territorial waters, the entrances and exits of the Black Sea and the Baltic Sea were directly blocked, and it was absolutely impossible for a country like Lucia to accept it.

As if because of being named, Lucia's representative, Widmayer, spoke, and interjected a few words seemingly very resolutely:

"An international strait leading to the territorial waters of other countries cannot be recognized as the territorial waters of coastal states, otherwise countries behind the straits will not be able to enter and exit normally.

"Between such straits, regardless of the width of the strait, there must be an international public passage."

Now Lucia directly demanded that these places should not be used as territorial waters directly.

The Swedes were not on the scene, but the Ottomans were, and the Grand Vizier Zaadin directly demanded-for-tat:

"We do not accept the so-called right of way, our territorial waters are our land, and we can refuse the passage of ships of any country ......"

When Zhu Jingyuan heard this, he slapped the table directly:

"What? Lucia, you think about it, Osman really won't let you live, what can you do?

"Osman, you also think about it, if you really want to seal it completely, what will Lucia do?

"How many areas are you two arguing about? How many sea areas will be opened to relevant rights in our Daming?

"If all the straits and seas of the Ming Dynasty are not allowed to pass through you, what can you do?

"I think this compromise is interesting enough, so don't play any roof-lifting strategy here!

"This is a very necessary compromise, both of you have to accept it, and you have to accept it if you don't accept it!"

The representatives of the two countries just expressed their attitudes, and now they have not hesitated to shut up.

But Spain's Manuel still insisted:

"We still demand that the extent of the territorial sea be changed to 12 nautical miles."

At the same time, the British Prime Minister Pitt followed suit, and the main shipment was given to Spain for support:

"We can accept the right-of-way regulations, and we also believe that the width of the territorial sea should be increased to 12 nautical miles."

Then Portugal and Italy, and even France, expressed their support.

They also recognize that the impact of the internationally recognized extent of territorial waters has different implications for different levels of maritime power.

With their current status, it is better to choose a slightly larger, but relatively reasonable range.

Zhu Jingyuan frowned slightly when he heard this, the representatives of most countries are not easy to fool.

Although it was known from the beginning that it was difficult to directly set the default territorial waters of the three nautical miles, it was impossible to just agree to them:

"Twelve nautical miles is impossible, and the concept of territorial waters originally came from the range that the countries on the coast could control, or the range of shore artillery.

"Now it is impossible for none of our artillery to fight at a distance of twelve nautical miles.

"At present, the most common naval combat distance is still between five and six kilometers, and three nautical miles is exactly 5.5 kilometers, so it is better to have three nautical miles."

Pete immediately went on to retort:

"The firing range of shore artillery and the combat distance of the navy are two different things, and now the maximum firing range of shore artillery has reached 20 kilometers, and even the actual combat distance of naval artillery has exceeded 10 kilometers."

Zhu Jingyuan had long known that Pete would say this:

"The theoretical combat distance is just 10 kilometers, so let's set the territorial sea range to 6 nautical miles, which is almost 11 kilometers."

Pete thought about it and decided to grind it a little more:

"We think there should be at least ten nautical miles, artillery technology is still developing at a high rate, and we have to leave room for the future."

Zhu Jingyuan glanced at the representatives of other countries:

"Why don't we set a unified standard, but use the striking distance of our respective weapons to calculate the width of our respective territorial waters?"

Pete is not ready to engage in a shore artillery range competition with Daming, no one can catch up with Daming in the technology of this thing.

So Pete's immediate and decisive decision is no longer grinding:

"That's still six nautical miles!"

Pete looked at the representatives of the other countries, who also nodded and said:

"Six nautical miles is six nautical miles."

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