Chapter 391 Institutional Adjustment of the Central Government Office
Zhu Jianyan lived in the palace outside the city for a few days, and discussed the direction of reform with his father, Emperor Zhu Zhongliang.
After returning to the Forbidden City, Zhu Jianyan began to hold a group of officials and scholars related to the issue behind closed doors after the morning court every day to discuss and finalize various details of the reform.
Zhu Jianyan accepted his son Zhu Jianyan's suggestion and discussed with his father Zhu Zhongliang, although he basically determined the direction of reform.
However, in order to implement the reforms, there must be details in all aspects, and there must be direct coordination with the bureaucracy.
At the closed-door meeting after the first early dynasty, Zhu Jianyan first explained his attitude.
It is also to tell the bureaucrats the direction so that they can start working in this direction and complete the actual reform affairs.
"I am going to set up a formal Jiuqing post in the imperial court.
"The first conferring of Zongbo, Tsukazai, Sima, Situ, Sikong, Sikou, Young Master, Young Fu, Shaobao, from a product.
"Promoted to the Great Uncle, the Great Tsuka, the Great Sima, the Great Situ, the Great Sikong, the Great Sikou, the Taishi, the Taibao, the Taifu, is a product.
"Jiuqing is in charge of the daily affairs of several departments of the Central Office of the Imperial Court."
There was silence.
The people who came to the meeting today basically followed Zhu Jianyan to discuss Zhu Jingyuan's proposal a few days ago.
The plan in charge was discussed on the spot at that time.
It's just that at that time, Wang Tingzhen pointed to Lu Yinpu's suggestion that he was suspected of resetting the prime minister, and the two almost quarreled at that time.
However, most of them think that this is a reasonable solution.
There are really too many relevant departments of the imperial court, the royal family, and the consortium, and those who are officials below are tired for the emperor.
Many people now have the idea that they should set up a few new departments.
For example, although the Ministry of Industry has been demolished several times, the scale of the Ministry of Industry is still too large.
The Ordnance Department and the Ship Department should be set up as one department independently, or even two departments, which are completely reasonable.
The Ministry of War should also be divided into the Ministry of the Admiralty, the Ministry of the Army, and even an Air Department.
Functions such as labor security, social welfare, etc., are also sufficient to establish a new department.
The functions of auditing, statistics, and other functions hanging under the cabinet are also sufficient to be separated and set up a separate department.
But if it was divided before, the emperor might not be able to take care of it, so he could only let these departments take care of it more.
The courtiers who attended the meeting that day all carefully considered it after returning home, and now if the prime minister in the traditional sense is reset, then the work of the prime minister is really a chore.
The current Ming Dynasty is really too big a gap with the dynasties of the ancient era.
The two prime ministers can't manage it, and it may have to be divided into four or six, but in fact, if the previous six books are directly changed to the prime minister, maybe it is more appropriate.
Of course, although they feel that the prime minister of the Ming Dynasty is not good, if they really have the opportunity, of course they all want to become the prime minister of the Ming Dynasty, and the extreme minister is the ideal of almost all courtiers.
Although the position of scholar and monk is also the end of the current courtiers, after all, there is no power, status, and sense of accomplishment as the prime minister who assisted the king in the classical era.
Now that the emperor has made up his mind, he will directly reset Jiuqing, and it is the Jiuqing who can reach the first grade, which is higher than the status of prime ministers in most eras.
Now no one has come out to spray whether the emperor is resetting the prime minister.
Now the courtiers below are surprised, and immediately began to think about whether they have a chance to become Jiuqing.
This is directly listed, and the real nine are from the first rank of official positions.
From the actual job of a product!
The honor of the most traditional Jiuqing!
Straight nine!
Even if there is a change of dynasty, it may not be possible to have so many positions at the same time, and they will be distributed to the highest-level Conglong heroes.
When you become an official, you don't want to go further.
And this was the emperor's own decision, not the advice of other courtiers in the same palace.
Spraying colleagues can find a sense of existence, brush their faces in front of the emperor, and sincerely attack the spokesperson of the competitor.
The spray emperor just can't find it.
And Jiuqing is indeed not the prime minister, and he is still in charge of several departments, not all departments.
In the current situation of the increasing number of central government offices, it is almost a natural choice to set up officials in charge of several departments.
After a brief silence, the courtiers began to speak one after another.
There was no clear objection.
Except for a few vague reminders that the emperor should be cautious, the vast majority of the courtiers were very clear in their approval.
The benefits of this have been analyzed on the spot, and various shortcomings and troubles can be solved.
Then Zhu Jianyan handed a simple planning instruction he had written to the university scholar beside him:
"According to my ideas and requirements, everyone clarified Jiuqing's actual responsibilities and made a formal job description.
"In addition to Jiuqing, the cabinet should also make corresponding adjustments.
"The Cabinet should set up a special reform department to be responsible for clarifying and coordinating the specific matters of the follow-up reform.
"The grade of the follow-up university scholar during his tenure has also been upgraded to the first grade."
The recent state of the Cabinet Scholars has been a bit tangled and apprehensive.
As the emperor's staff, they also participated in the discussion of the establishment of Jiuqing in foreign dynasties.
But they have a different mentality from foreign officials.
Foreign officials have the opportunity to serve as Jiuqing, and have the opportunity to go one step further above the second grade.
But how do you get a bachelor's degree?
Originally, compared with scholars of the same level, they were somewhat inferior in terms of actual status.
In the future, with the Zhengyipin Jiuqing, these scholars will become more and more similar to the ancient ministers.
As a result, now that the emperor said a word, the scholars were directly relieved.
He is really still the emperor's own person, and the upper limit of the grade of the foreign dynasty has increased, and his own grade has also risen.
The key is that the position of Jiuqing was distributed, and the emperor handed over this job to the cabinet scholars, not to the officials of the foreign courts.
This has actually elevated the status of the cabinet.
The logic is also completely reasonable, Jiuqing is the superior of the ministries, how can he let the officials decide?
As the emperor's secretary, it is appropriate to do this for the emperor.
Although Jiuqing's actual duties, the emperor himself has basically made it clear, and he is to complete the details.
The actual task of the so-called Reform Department is certainly still to sort out the emperor's ideas and publish them.
But the symbolism of these two events is still very significant.
This shows that all kinds of major adjustments in foreign countries will be completed through the cabinet.
Zhu Jianyan appeased the scholars in the cabinet and continued to explain the direction he had set:
"At the same time as the establishment of Jiuqing, the adjustment plan that the various ministries of the imperial court had prepared for a long time could also be implemented simultaneously.
"The two divisions of ordnance and ships of the Ministry of Labor were split and a separate department was established to be responsible for the research and development and manufacturing of military equipment.
"The Department of Dismantling Troops is divided into three departments: the Department of the Navy, the Department of the Army, and the Department of the Air Force.
"Establish a Ministry of Civil Affairs to be responsible for the formulation and supervision of labor-related systems, and the formulation and implementation of social security measures."
Next, Zhu Jianyan and the cabinet and the courtiers of the foreign dynasty discussed the separation of these departments on this basis.
Then the first day of closed-door meetings was basically over.
It may not seem like a lot of things, but it's actually a very big deal.
An internal meeting identified these major events, which can actually be said to be very efficient.
A few days later, in accordance with Zhu Jianyan's request, the cabinet basically sorted out the plan for the separation of Jiuqing and the department.
Zongbo.
He is in charge of cultural, educational, examination, and foreign affairs related affairs, and the main departments in charge are:
Ministry of Rites: Culture, History, Literature, Cultural Relics, News, Publishing, Film and Television, Religion, Ethnicity.
Faculty: Responsible for the registration and management of schools, the education and examination system, and the eradication of illiteracy.
Honglu Temple: Responsible for foreign exchanges and liaison, and the connection and control of international affairs.
Daming Daily: The official newspaper of the Ming Dynasty.
Daming Telegraph Agency: The official telegraph agency of Daming, responsible for the construction and operation of telegraph facilities.
Daming Radio: A newly established radio broadcasting organization.
Guozijian: Responsible for the study and training of the children of Beijing officials and nobles, the school system has from primary school to university, and it is the de facto Ming aristocratic school.
If you look at the students' grades alone, Guozijian is definitely not the best school in Daming, mainly because the level of students is uneven, which lowers the overall grades.
However, the education level of Guozijian's primary and secondary schools is actually the best in the Ming Dynasty.
Taixue: The highest level of national school officially opened to the public in the Ming Dynasty, the school system is also from primary school to university, and it is a new educational model established under the personal guidance of Emperor Shizu.
Taixue's education level, student achievements and popularity are undoubtedly the first in the Ming Dynasty and the first in the world.
Teachers and students are among the best in the country, and the educational resources of primary and secondary schools may be slightly lower than those of Guozijian, but the education and research resources at the university level are higher than those of Guozijian.
Tsukasa Jae.
In charge of the governance of the world, the main departments in charge:
Officials: In charge of the selection, assessment, review, and promotion of officials.
Hallym Academy: Training and further education of senior bureaucrats.
Zhan Shifu: Training and further study of middle and low-level officials.
Sima.
In charge of the military-related administrative affairs and military budget, the main departments in charge:
Department of the Army, Department of the Admiralty, Department of the Air Force.
In accordance with the instructions of the emperor, orders for the movement and deployment of troops were sent to the corresponding troops.
Responsible for the procurement of weapons, the appointment, dismissal and promotion of generals, the training and assessment of the army, the formulation and review of the army budget, etc.
Szeto.
In charge of finance, taxation and commerce, in charge of departments:
Finance Department: responsible for the budget and final accounts.
Department of Taxation: responsible for the administration of tax revenue throughout the country.
Ministry of Commerce: responsible for the registration and management of manufacturers, customs and import and export management.
Sikong.
In charge of industry, engineering, science and technology, in charge of departments:
Ministry of Industry: responsible for industrial development planning and construction, scientific and technological research and promotion, patent registration and protection.
The Armament Department, composed of the former Ordnance Department and the Ship Division, is responsible for the research and development and production of weapons and equipment such as ordnance and ships.
Ministry of Construction: Responsible for the planning, approval and management of national large-scale project construction, urban construction and civil engineering construction.
Hui Department: responsible for the construction and management of roads, railways, wharves, and postal facilities.
Scoop.
In charge of law, system construction, supervision, law enforcement related work, in charge of departments:
Penal Department: Drafting and promulgation, revision and dissemination of laws and regulations.
During the Renwu period, the Ministry of Criminal Justice gradually stripped itself of the judicial power, but its legislative power was also strengthened at the same time, but the final decision on legislation remained in the hands of the emperor.
Metropolitan Procuratorate: Supervision and supervision of the system of central government offices and local officials.
Jinyiwei: Nationwide civil security management, traffic command and management, supervision and implementation of production safety, handling of emergency affairs, special services and security, and cooperation with judicial agencies to carry out law enforcement tasks.
In the Renwu era, Jinyiwei was gradually transformed into a modern police agency, and its ownership was also transferred to the imperial court.
Young Master.
In charge of supporting the army, sacrifice, agriculture, water conservancy, and in charge of departments:
Ministry of Agriculture: responsible for agriculture, rural areas, farmland, forestry, fishery, animal husbandry and other agriculture-related work.
Ministry of Water Resources: Exploration and development of water resources, planning and construction of water conservancy facilities.
Taichang Temple: Responsible for the placement and protection of martyrs, meritorious and veterans, and responsible for national sacrifice activities.
Young Master.
In charge of astronomy, meteorology, calendar, timing, resources, environment, transportation, diplomacy, and departments:
Qin Tianjian is responsible for the research of meteorological records and forecasts and corresponding technologies, the research of astronomy-related disciplines, the compilation and correction of calendars, and the timing of official time around the world.
Taifu Temple: Responsible for the exploration and management of natural resources, environmental protection and pollution control, and the registration and management of all means of transportation such as horses, vehicles, ships, and airplanes across the country.
Less insurance.
In charge of health, health, social security, labor security, and departments:
Ministry of Civil Affairs: responsible for the formulation and implementation of labor protection and social welfare, as well as supervision.
Tai Hospital: Responsible for all hospital, doctor, and medical affairs.
Guanglu Temple: Responsible for the formulation and supervision of all policies related to food and health safety and people's health.
In addition to Jiuqing's duties, there were still a number of independent departments directly under the emperor.
Sixth Section: A supervision and impeachment body specifically aimed at the officials of the various ministries of the Central Government Administration, and the emperor certainly cannot hand it over to Jiuqing, who is also the object of supervision.
Dali City: It is the Supreme Court, and at the same time, the superior body of the local judiciary, which operates independently of other departments.
At present, the political envoys, prefects, prefects and other political officials in the Ming Dynasty no longer have judicial power.
Judicial independence is a policy that Emperor Shizu adheres to and promotes, and subsequent emperors and officials have also accepted this habit, so it cannot be handed over to Jiuqing to be directly in charge.
The Governor's Office of the Five Armies: The commander and command body of the Ming Dynasty, responsible for military management and operations around the world, is a military attache system independent of the civil official system of the imperial court, and of course cannot be managed by the imperial court.
Cabinet: This is the work of a confidential secretary, responsible for the collation, promotion and implementation of the emperor's will and policies, responsible for the liaison and coordination inside and outside the imperial court, responsible for the formulation and promotion of reform measures, and responsible for auditing and statistical work.
The cabinet is the staff and internal court officials belonging to the emperor himself, and the status will be elevated to the status of Jiuqing and Shangshu in the future.
Military Aircraft Department: A military staff organization responsible for the study of strategy and tactics and the formulation of operational plans.
General Administration: Responsible for the uploading, issuance and recycling of all kinds of documents, and the issuance and confirmation of various official documents, notices and regulations.
Sorenfu: The official body that manages the affairs of the clan, and all internal positions are held by members of the clan.
There is a Zongren House in the Zongren Mansion, and the members are all the members of the close branch clan who have passed the storage education and completed the governance training.
Members of the Sojin Yuan did not have the right to directly hold official positions in the imperial court, but they did have the right to challenge the policies and decisions of the imperial departments, and the corresponding departments had to give reasonable explanations.
Royal Bank of Daming: The central bank of Daming, responsible for the formulation and issuance of the monetary system, the formulation and implementation of the financial system, and the registration and management of private banks and banks.
Imperial Consortium: The large industrial and commercial groups owned by the imperial family are not small in size compared to the imperial court, and are an important basis for the emperor to check and balance the civil and official system.
Huangzhuang: The overseas land owned by the imperial family, the most important of which is Xintianfu, is a highly independent system, and it is also an important basis for the emperor to check and balance the civil and official system.
East Factory: Responsible for internal special security and intelligence information work.
West Factory: Responsible for external intelligence and information work.