Zhu Jingyuan took a general look at the state of the "computer machine", and Wang Lailai next to him also began to make a basic introduction.

The current situation of this computer is very similar to the analysis in Zhu Jingyuan's heart.

It's just that the nomenclature of many things is far from my habits.

The "number line" and "word hexagram" are just the most basic, and there are even more confusing ones behind

"Ledger: 65,536 words."

"Bottom account: 32,768 words."

Zhu Jingyuan translated it in his mind according to Wang Lai's explanation.

"RAM: 65536B, which can be converted to 64K according to 1024 base."

"ROM: 32768B, 32K."

This ROM is read-only memory in the original sense, not the storage space of mobile phones as understood by later generations, in fact, those chips that cannot be modified on later game consoles.

Memory becomes a ledger? Read-only memory, that is, ROM in the traditional sense, has become the bottom account?

These two names feel weird, but if you think about it a little closely, they seem to be very real.

From the beginning of the Renwu Dynasty, the status of craftsmen in the Ming Dynasty was actively promoted by Emperor Shizu.

Among the traditional scholars, farmers, industrialists, and merchants in Shenzhou, the status and scope of workers also naturally increased with industrialization.

Researchers similar to scientists, planners similar to engineers, and specific construction and maintenance personnel similar to senior technicians, plus ordinary workers, all belong to "work" in the Shenzhou tradition.

They are all collectively referred to as craftsmen, with special schools and grades, and they can get the highest treatment equivalent to that of a Zhengyi Taishi.

Artisans and merchants are highly related, and can even be regarded as overlapping in many cases.

In the early days, the craftsmen ran their own businesses.

Therefore, the names of account books and account books are also things that are taken for granted to them.

Traditional literati may have disliked the copper smell of these names.

But they won't.

The craftsmen who are now developing computers are also in this circle.

A ledger is a ledger placed on the counter, which is basically a ledger that records daily affairs.

The bottom ledger is meant to be the original ledger, and it can also be used as an archived ledger.

On this set of computers, it is actually used as a specialized font.

A ledger is a piece of data, a string of people and numbers arranged by date, which can also echo data management.

The ledger is used as a temporary ledger, and the bottom account is archived, which can also be echoed in nature.

That memory overflow means that the ledger of the ledger cannot be written.

To add memory is to add to the ledger.

The space used for calculations, and the space used to store basic data, is not called "storage" at all.

In the future, there may not be a confusion about the name of memory capacity.

Although Zhu Jingyuan can be understood, is it really harmonious to put the names of ledger and gossip together?

That's why there are two kinds of names: "character" and "hexagram"?

It should also be because today's craftsmen, especially high-tech researchers, have actually become more and more distant from merchants.

They themselves are already scientists and engineers of later generations.

At the same time, because of the improvement of the status of craftsmen, coupled with the craftsmen-related yamen, there are also many ordinary literati.

"Word" may be the name of another mentality.

This "word hexagram" is equivalent to the bytes of the previous life, and is the basic unit of computer data in the Ming Dynasty.

However, in the previous life, the general-purpose computer had eight bits per byte, and the Ming computer had sixteen hexagrams per hexagram.

The goal is to encode more than 30,000 standard Chinese characters in one hexagram.

If you use the hexagram of the eight characters to encode Chinese characters, it takes two hexagrams to represent one Chinese character.

Even if the two characters are combined, they can only put down the general Chinese character list.

Because if the line is divided into two hexagrams, then two lines must be used as the check digit, and in fact, only the fourteen lines are used for encoding.

The maximum encoding capacity is actually 16,384.

The R&D craftsmen took this into account.

So although now you don't actually use such long bytes.

Today's hard disks and memory are also unable to store and recall all Chinese characters for display.

However, as the first set of general-purpose computers to be used on a large scale, the impact on the underlying rules of the computer in the future must be considered.

This concept has been emphasized by Zhu Jingyuan many times.

We should not only focus on the immediate situation, but also prepare in advance to establish relatively reasonable rules.

Therefore, the length of the hexagram of this computer is still sixteen.

The sixteenth man took out one for verification, and there were fifteen left.

The encoded capacity is still 32,768, which is double the capacity of the two eight-character hexagrams.

In this way, it can hold more than 30,000 Chinese characters.

Compared to the general-purpose computers of the previous life, the basic byte length of the Type 3 computer has been doubled.

Therefore, although the ledger and the bottom ledger are directly converted according to the 1024 base system, they get 64K and 32K.

But the actual capacity is actually equivalent to 128K and 64K in the previous life.

That's a very high number.

On this basis, since one byte can represent one Chinese character.

Therefore, in this computer system system, the capacity of the memory or hard disk is exactly how many Chinese characters can be recorded in the state of plain text.

It is very convenient for users to estimate capacity needs.

In fact, in Zhu Jingyuan's computer system in his previous life, an English letter also accounted for exactly one byte.

The capacity of the computer can also directly correspond to the number of letters.

However, the unit of capacity of the most widely used Windows computer system in the previous life adopted the base 1024 system.

The tenth-power of two is carried once, using K, M, G, T as units.

Daming's computer does not currently have a carry system......

It is still directly expressed according to the normal numbers of 10, 100, 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Here's how much the hard drive capacity of this computer is:

"Library: 16,770,000 words."

This is the result of omitting numbers below 10,000, followed by a mantissa of 7,216.

Zhu Jingyuan converted it in his mind, according to the 1024 base system, it is 16M, but the actual capacity is equivalent to 32M in his previous life.

Well, that's a big hard drive too.

Memory is the ledger, so the hard disk is naturally a warehouse, and in fact it is indeed a data warehouse.

The meaning of ledger and warehouse is huge, and most people should not be confused.

At the same time, this also shows that whether it is a ledger, a bottom ledger or a library, that is, running memory, read-only memory and hard disk, they are all physically made according to binary.

Because the hardware performance of early computer machines was very limited, the hardware performance could be slightly improved by directly doing binary alignment at the hard level, which was convenient for program calling.

It's just that the capacity marked by the Ministry of Industry is actually subconsciously using the traditional decimal system.

So this data will get bigger and bigger, and a simple integer will almost never appear.

What Zhu Jingyuan can imagine is that from the very beginning, Daming's computer was directly on the mode of a group of sixteen.

Then, in the new era of computer popularization, many minor problems in the program can be avoided natively.

Under the eight-bit rule, the maximum number of encodings that can be accommodated in a single byte is 256, ranging from 0 to 255.

If the programmer doesn't set up the two bytes in advance, the data over 255 can be problematic.

Or simply prohibit the use of values above 255.

On Daming's computer, this upper limit will be raised to 65535, which is directly beyond the range of commonly used numbers.

But it will also expose similar problems later.

Attention will also come later.

In a similar situation, there is also the problem of 32-bit systems supporting up to 4G memory.

When it appears on Daming's computer, it should also be the time when 4G is calculated according to binary.

But the actual capacity of this memory is equivalent to 8G in the previous life.

Computers with 8G memory, the time of impact will be significantly later than that of 4G.

As we all know, the fewer problems a tool has, the longer it has been popular and used, and the time has come when it really has to be upgraded, the more old people will be, and the greater the resistance.

It is conceivable that if no one vigorously pushes it, the 32-bit system after the Ming Dynasty will be more stubborn.

However, I can push for pure 64-bit processors before PCs and smartphones become widespread.

He is the emperor, and he can control the entire Ming Dynasty, and even influence the entire world.

You can do something at any cost.

Specific rules and systems can be forced in advance to avoid a lot of confusion and trouble.

For example, before the popularization of personal computers and mobile phones in the Ming Dynasty, the processor and system were directly upgraded to sixty-four bits.

There will be no storage and computing bottlenecks in your lifetime.

Zhu Jingyuan considered these situations in his heart, evaluated and evaluated the development of Daming and the semiconductor industry in his previous life, and felt that it was necessary to do something now.

It is time to put forward the development direction, goals and rules for the computer industry in the new stage.

So Zhu Jingyuan continued to ask questions about coding.

Although Wang Lai has just been transferred to the Ministry of Industry, he is a craftsman and originally had to use a computer.

I'm very familiar with this organization and know how they are designed and manufactured.

"Your Majesty, the dot matrix data of the font library of the bottom account has only been made one hundred and twenty-eight for the time being.

Among them, there are 80 Chinese characters, including 16 digits 012345678900000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

"Others are dedicated symbols and command control keys.

"At present, each Chinese character directly corresponds to a key, and a key directly corresponds to a command.

"However, the coded library has completed the capacity of all standard Chinese characters.

"If you don't use a display screen, you can use the keyboard to control the typewriter to type the corresponding words according to the rules of the typewriter.

"With a motor directly driving the typewriter, the button has become a normal button.

"There's no longer the problem of heavy typewriter typing.

"The fastest secretarial staff now can type about 300 words per minute.

"The clarity of the typed text is also very close to that of a printing press."

Zhu Jingyuan was quite satisfied when he heard this.

The computer invented by Daming himself, of course, there is no case problem inside the system, and there is no full-width problem.

The numbers in Chinese characters are also characters and can also be represented by a position, so Arabic numerals are not added.

In this way, the keyboard is arranged with 80 Chinese characters, and there are still enough control keys left.

Now, as long as the capacity of the computer can continue to increase, it is only a matter of time before all the Chinese characters can be displayed.

Zhu Jingyuan asked some more questions about the details, and asked the craftsmen to open the shell of the cabinet and check the internal structure.

Including the hundreds of kilograms of huge hard disks, as well as a full core memory composed of lines and magnetic rings.

After visiting Qin Tianjian's computer, the main thing is to figure out the current situation.

Then Zhu Jingyuan said to Wang Lai:

"In the afternoon, I had a meeting of the craftsmen involved in computing machines, and I had some new ideas......

"Just in the conference room of the Ministry of Industry, if there are a few people there, you can speak more clearly."

Wang Lai did not hesitate, and even agreed with obvious surprises.

If Zhu Jingyuan has any new ideas, they are all what the craftsmen can't ask for.

In the eyes of the craftsmen, the current majesty is the living ancestor Emperor Guangwu, and he is simply the god of the craftsmen.

I wish Zhu Jingyuan came to his department every day to mention his wonderful ideas.

Zhu Jingyuan returned to the office directly after arranging.

Leave all your entourage and open a locked cabinet next to your desk.

A locked safe was brought out from the inside.

Use the key you bring with you to open the lock on it, and then adjust the code of the mechanical structure to open this special box.

This seemingly important box was filled with almost all paper and books.

It was all written and drawn by Zhu Jingyuan himself.

Zhu Zhongliang gave Zhu Jingyuan advice more than ten years ago, and wrote down the ideas that came to mind in time.

If the craftsmen can't do it at the time, they can save it and use it later.

lest you think of it at the time, and forget it after a while.

This incident reminded Zhu Jingyuan that memory is definitely blurry.

Especially in the case of long-term non-contact.

If you put it on paper in different categories, it won't be so easy to forget.

At that time, in Mengxian County, everything Zhu Jingyuan wrote was directly taken by Zhu Zhongliang to see.

Later, the two were not together, and Zhu Jingyuan continued to maintain this habit.

After more than ten years of continuous thinking and writing, Zhu Jingyuan felt that there was not much left in his mind.

Time can really make people forget a lot of things.

Especially those things that seemed unimportant or even disgusting in previous lives.

When he came to the Lion City, Zhu Jianyan also asked Zhu Jingyuan to observe and analyze all aspects of the data and situation of the Ming Dynasty in a timely manner.

Whatever problems you find and what ideas you have, you can write them down and show them.

Originally, Zhu Jingyuan did write a report to Zhu Jianyan, but after a long time, Zhu Jingyuan wrote his own ideas.

Although Zhu Jingyuan wants to say that serious people write diaries.

But in this world, I really can't seem to be a serious person, I'm an alien traverser.

Of course, I am not a normal person, and I do have to keep a diary.

It should be said that it cannot be considered a diary, it can only be regarded as a note, and it is not a completely private note.

Because it is necessary to consider showing it to my father and grandfather.

Therefore, the way these notes are recorded deliberately circumvents the habits of previous lives.

It is as appropriate as possible to the state of the world, and to express it in the terms and expressions of the world.

And between the lines, we have made a plan for future generations to observe.

Let future generations understand it, and at the same time, it won't feel particularly strange, making yourself feel like you were born to know.

Like an indigenous genius, not a traverser.

Zhu Zhongliang's advice made Zhu Jingyuan begin to carefully write down the "ideas" at the engineering and technical level.

Zhu Jianyan's request made Zhu Jingyuan turn the economic and political experiences and ideas he had seen in his previous life into his own "thinking."

Over the past decade or so, Zhu Jingyuan has slowly written down a large number of notes and drawings.

These are definitely the highest level top secret documents in the world.

Zhu Jingyuan even suspected that even if Emperor Shizu left a pamphlet, it might not be able to compare with his own.

Because according to the analysis of what Emperor Shizu left behind, he is just an ordinary person in many ways.

It should be a liberal arts major, so I have more experience in history and politics.

I can't say that my level is higher than that of Emperor Shizu, but I may have more hobbies than Emperor Shizu.

I am first and foremost a key politician, so I am very familiar with all kinds of political thoughts, and I am very familiar with current affairs at home and abroad.

Then I am still a military fan, and I am also very familiar with modern military equipment and technology.

At the same time, he is also a surviving computer assembly enthusiast, and is also very familiar with the development of computers and semiconductors.

Of course, I'm still a stinky game......

The most important thing is that his current conditions are much better than those of Emperor Shizu.

There are many things that he can't do even if he knows them, and he can do them now.

Many of the facts that he knew and could not understand, and that others could not understand, have now become a reality.

So I can do a lot of things on my own.

Zhu Jingyuan sat in front of the imperial case and looked through his notes and drawings.

Many things, the memories in the brain have been blurred, and now it is necessary to re-consult them, restore and strengthen the memory.

At the same time, from your own notes and drawings, find inventions and designs that are suitable for the current state of the art.

Da Ming's computer level has run to the level of the mid-sixties in the previous life.

Then it is not difficult to work your own, and in another ten years, it will be pushed to the level of the eighties in the previous life.

In the original history, by the early eighties, it was already the era of microprocessors.

Flash memory chips have also appeared, and the memory has also reached the 16MB level.

The first discrete graphics cards also appeared.

The early personal computers and game consoles were basically formed by this time.

Guide yourself in this direction, avoid some unnecessary pitfalls in advance, and then make a miracle vigorously, maybe you can achieve it faster.

In its original history, the center of science and technology after World War II was the United States, a commercial country.

Many technological upgrades are driven or implemented by commercial companies.

There's a lot of compromise and waste.

Now Daming has the ability to concentrate on doing great things, and its technical level is also leading in the world.

Coupled with self-directed direction, it is normal for technology to upgrade faster.

Even if it is not enough to be popularized in the market, it should be no problem to use it exclusively for research institutions and yourself.

In fact, this is also in line with my own vision.

Before it is popularized to the whole people, the technical specifications should be raised as much as possible.

The smaller the number of users, the smaller the obstacles to leapfrogging upgrades, and the smaller the historical baggage.

Zhu Jingyuan had dinner at Wenhua Hall at noon, and took the secretaries to the Ministry of Industry at two o'clock in the afternoon.

Sikong and the Ministry of Works, the main officials and senior craftsmen greeted the emperor at the door.

After saluting and greeting, a group of people surrounded Zhu Jingyuan and entered the conference room prepared in advance.

Let everyone sit down, Zhu Jingyuan took a notebook of his own, as well as a few selected drawings, and began to explain his ideas one by one, and put forward his own suggestions and requirements.

The first is microprocessors and LSIs.

The basis is complementary metal-oxide semiconductors, i.e. COMS chips.

Manufacture micron-level processors, and special account chip (memory) with more than 10 million words (20MB).

Flying head hard disks that use the principle of aircraft lift, as well as technical directions for floppy disks and optical discs.

A set of data and design standards for computers and monitors was then developed.

These include typical business and personal computer design scenarios.

In the end, several typical flash memory chip design ideas were taken out, and it was up to the craftsmen to make them.