Chapter 578 "The Ming Dynasty is Powerful and Civilized"
Wu Xiongying, together with his father and Wei Yuan, ran non-stop in the fiefdom for ten days, turning around the main residential areas.
The existing major assets and population of Firo County were basically identified and handed over.
The company registration of the Command and Envoy Department has also been formalized, and the Feiluo County Development and Construction Company has been formally established within the scope of Daming.
The disadvantage of military management is that it may not be standardized, but the advantage is that it can be very efficient when necessary.
On the 15th day of November in the fifth year of the Great Duke, Wu Xiongying signed a handover document with the Qianhu and the Overseers of the Temporary Thousand Households.
The Overseer and the Thousand Households returned to command the Envoys, and Wu Xiongying officially took over his fiefdom.
In the future, the main work will be to renovate and build.
Wu Xiongying and Wei Yuan returned to their manor together, which was also on the way to the location of the temporary county yamen.
Looking at the Taixi people who were busy working on the surrounding construction sites, and looking at the Ming soldiers, brocade guards, and yamen officials who occasionally encountered patrols and supervision.
Of course, the images of the two sides are completely different, and most of the costumes of the two sides are also different.
The management of the Tessie people has the opportunity to change into Ming-style clothing, but they are not yet able to get a truly orthodox costume.
Most of the low-level Tessians didn't have a chance to change into Ming-style clothes for the time being, but they also tied their hair up.
Wu Xiongying observed the situation on the street for a while, and asked Wei Yuan beside him with a discussion mentality:
"Uncle Wei, in your opinion, is it necessary for us to change the clothes of the Tessie people?
"To all the people who work for the yamen and those who work for the development and construction company, formulate and distribute a unified normal style of Daming clothing.
"Is it necessary to ask the ordinary people in the territory to change all Ming-style clothes in the future?
"At the same time, should we try to reverse the strange concept of chastity of the Tessie woman as much as possible?
"Should we begin immediately and strictly crack down on and punish adultery?"
Wei Yuan didn't answer directly, but talked about something else:
"I'm actually thinking about that, and I'm thinking about some things in history.
"In the last years of Chongzhen, the Jurchens entered the customs to seize the world, and after occupying the capital division, they once issued a shaving order.
"The people of the Central Plains are required to shave off most of their hair in accordance with the pseudo-Qing customs, leaving only a circle the size of a copper coin, braided into a small braid, called the money rat tail."
Wu Xiongying remembers what he said in history class:
"According to His Majesty Emperor Shizu Guangwu, this practice of the Jurchens is 'testing obedience'.
"It is also to make a complete break between the officials and the people and the Ming Dynasty.
Therefore, most of the officials who took the initiative to join the Jurchens at that time also took the initiative to shave their hair.
"After Emperor Shizu's Northern Expedition was successful, the money rat tail on the back of the head of these shaved people became a natural sign of traitor status.
"Even if you're born alopecia, no one can get their hair like that."
Wei Yuan nodded slightly, and then further reminded:
However, His Majesty Emperor Shizu also said that the Jurchens themselves did not necessarily have this kind of sober understanding.
"They're just trying to sum up the experience of the non-central courts of the past.
Their main reference object was the Jin state established by the Jurchens in the Song and Song dynasties.
They believe that changing to wear the clothes of the Central Plains is a manifestation of the ancestors' greed for pleasure and abandonment of martial arts.
They obviously thought that the costumes of the Central Plains Dynasty were more exquisite, and wearing such clothes could even be regarded as arrogant and lascivious.
"Therefore, their refusal to use the costumes of the Central Plains is to prevent the spread of arrogance and lasciviousness within the ethnic group, which in turn weakens their combat effectiveness."
Wu Xiongying didn't know this level of history, so he asked a little curiously:
"So Uncle Wei, do you think their judgment is right?"
Wei Yuan sorted out his thoughts for a moment before trying to explain his opinion:
"I can't say whether it's right or wrong, I can only say that this kind of judgment is superficial.
"According to the analysis of His Majesty Emperor Shizu Guangwu, most of the dynasties before the Renwu Dynasty had natural flaws in the system.
"Nothing in the world is set in stone.
However, successive kings and court officials have pursued rules and systems that have never been easy to come by.
"When their achievements are at their peak, no matter how much they go down.
"As the saying goes, prosperity must decline.
"This attenuation, in the process of the rise and fall of the dynasty, the most direct manifestation is the weakening of the ability to control.
"The weakening of the king's ability to control the court's officials, and the weakening of the court's ability to control the people's scholars and the common people.
"During the Chongzhen Dynasty, were there no soldiers to fight on the territory of the Ming Dynasty?
"Yes, the family of the Guan Ning Army, the white pole soldiers of the Sichuan Tusi, and the water army of Zheng Zhilong.
"It's just that they are all private soldiers of some nature, not completely controlled by the imperial court, and they are not even completely obedient to the orders of His Majesty Chongzhen.
"Doesn't the Ming Dynasty of the Chongzhen Dynasty have no money, food, and wealth?
"Yes, Jiangnan was still rich in the world at that time, and the smuggling maritime merchants were also very rich.
"But the court can't collect taxes.
In other words, none of this money is under the control of the imperial court.
"There is money in the place, there are people to fight, but it is not controlled by the imperial court, so the imperial court has no strength to defend against foreign enemies.
"If it weren't for Emperor Shizu reintegrating these forces, the world might have fallen into the dust again.
"At that time, the owner of the money will not be able to maintain the comfortable life he used to have.
"Those soldiers and civilians can become slaves of the barbarians......
"The monarchs of the dynasties of the past dynasties, there is no shortage of wise warriors, who can see the essence of this.
They then tried to maintain and enhance the control of the imperial court, but the effect of their efforts was basically temporary.
"It temporarily regained some control, but it did not reverse the overall downward trend.
"There is no standardized and effective system.
"As soon as the main promoters and themselves get tired or die, they may fight back.
"The power of the imperial court to control the local areas has been constantly passing since the new dynasty established stability.
"When the imperial court's ability to control is reduced to a certain level, there is no power to provide relief for local floods and droughts.
"Nor can they put down local rebellions, let alone resist the barbarian invasions at the border gates.
"This kind of dynasty is coming to an end.
"It has nothing to do with what the rulers of the dynasty are going to wear.
"The control of the imperial court has been losing over time, but there is no relatively stable and mature recovery plan, which is essentially a manifestation of the imbalance of yin and yang in the government.
"Emperor Shizu Guangwu has worked tirelessly for nearly a hundred years to create a new system that can continue to restore the control of the imperial court.
"Let the operation of the imperial court truly enter the state of yin and yang, reciprocating, and endless.
"However, His Majesty the Ancestor also said that there are two sides to everything.
"They only see the surface, but what they do is not necessarily useless.
"The widespread implementation of the shaving order has indeed made it possible to in fact complete a 'test of obedience' for the conquered territories.
"According to the tradition of our Central Plains, the parents who suffer from the body do not dare to destroy it, and the beginning of filial piety is also.
"Emperor Sejo said that shaving our hair is a symbol that forces us to destroy the most important thing in our hearts.
"For example, the leader of the bandits, when he wants to join the gang, he will ask the other party to kill people and set fires to do evil things, so he will pay them a certificate of surrender.
"The process of shaving hair and changing clothes is to let the people and scholars publicly swear that they will completely betray the Ming Dynasty and betray the way of loyalty and filial piety.
"Keep your hair shaved and clothed, let the people and the scholars keep their money rat tails, so that they will always remember that they are the sons of traitors.
"It's like the initiation ceremony of a lot of abnormal religious organizations.
"Cutting off a part of the body's natural tissues as a symbolic ritual of cutting with one's past self and gaining a new identity that cannot be recovered.
This not only undermined the integrity of the Central Plains scholars, but also made them weak-hearted when discussing loyalty, making them more prone to betrayal.
But at the same time, it also created a new sense of belonging for them, because everyone betrayed it!
"Those who shave their hair are the real Han people, and those who keep their hair in a bun are all thieves."
Wu Xiongying was a little stunned when he heard it:
"Historically...... The Jurchens were quickly wiped out by Emperor Shizu, Uncle Wei, what you said can only be regarded as inference, right? ”
Wei Yuan bowed his head lightly, sighed and said:
"It is indeed the inference of Emperor Sejo, and even many people think that it is an exaggerated intimidating inference.
However, Emperor Sejo's inference is not entirely inferential, and there is even a lot of actual historical evidence.
"The Jin Kingdom of the Jurchens issued and implemented the policy of shaving their hair and making it easy to obey in the Central Plains.
"In the first year of Jingkang, the Jin State attacked the Song Dynasty and occupied the Hebei and Hedong roads north of the Yellow River.
In the name of "returning to the dynasty, it is appropriate to follow the customs", the Jin Privy Council ordered the newly attached people of Hebei and Hedong to 'cut off their hair and wear a short scarf on the left'.
"If you don't obey, it's 'even if you are still nostalgic for the old country, you should be punished'.
Three years later, the Jin Kingdom occupied most of the northern region, and the order was fully implemented.
"It should be the record of Jin Guozhi compiled by the Yuan people, 'It was banned in June of the same year. Those who wear Hanfu and cut their hair are not as good as the style will die. ’
Li Xinchuan of the Southern Song Dynasty recorded the actual situation in the "Records of the Years Since the Establishment of Yan".
"In September of the third year of Jianyan, 'Marshal Jin's Mansion banned people from Hanfu, and ordered them to be killed.
"Bao Yilang Li Zhou, was detained at his head, Zhou was angry, and died overnight.
"At that time, Liu Tao of Zhidai Prefecture was a soldier in the city, and the top hair of the test was slightly longer, and the size was not as good as the style, that is, it was beheaded.
Later, he knew that Han Chang of Zhaozhou, and Geng Shouzhong of Jiezhou, and saw that the small people had clothes and noses, and they were also ordered to behead them in Hanfu......
"In the sixth year of the Southern Song Dynasty, Fan Cheng's ambassador Jin saw the residents' clothes and hairstyles in the old capital Kaifeng, and there was no way to restore the Chinese style.
"Tokyo, changed to Nanjing, the people have long been accustomed to customs, and their attitudes and hobbies have been in line with it.
"The man's hip is on the top, and the moon is three or four on the top. Otherwise, they also raise the rest of their hair from time to time, make a vertebral bun on the top, and wrap it with a scarf.
"The worst of all, clothing and the like, are all made of nonsense. Since the Huai has been in the north, and the Beijing division is especially so.
"Even the statues of ancient sages in ancient times have been replaced with the image of the Jurchens with 'left hair and hair'.
"During the Chunxi period, the Song Dynasty made Chen Yidao pass through the Guangwu Temple on the bank of the Hutuo River, and 'see the statue on the left'.
"In the second year of Kaijubi, Yue Ke followed the Song army's northern expedition to Lianshui, and saw that the military academy Xuan Temple 'was set up on the left, and Gu Hao sighed'.
"The statues of Confucius in the golden period are all shaved to the left, and the world has changed greatly.
"Jin Guo's shaving and easy-to-wear order was very strict in the early days, and there was a relaxation when King Hailing was finished.
But after Wan Yan Liang was killed, Jin Shizong, who succeeded to the throne, Wan Yan Yong, braked again, and did not relax again until the late stage.
Therefore, in the ninth year of Chongzhen, Huang Taiji, the new Jurchen chieftain, specially convened a meeting of Jurchen officials and advised:
"Sijin Taizu and Taizong are detailed, and they can last for a long time.
"The world of Xizong Hara and Wanyan Liang is completely wasted, drunk on wine, indulged in excessive pleasure, and imitates the bad habits of the Han people.
"Sejong ascended the throne, worked hard to be the ancestors, and diligently sought governance, lest his descendants still follow the Han customs, and it was forbidden in advance.
"Repeatedly take the ancestors as the training, the clothes and language are all in accordance with the old system, and the riding and archery are practiced from time to time to prepare for martial arts.
"Despite this training, the kings of later generations gradually became slackened and forgot to ride and shoot.
"As for the mourning sect, the society is in danger and the country is destroyed.
So he thinks that the monarch behind the Jin State gave up the decree of insisting on the Jurchen-based and did not curb the sinicization, and finally perished.
"Once they gain power, they will definitely implement the shaving order more thoroughly on the basis of the Jin State."
Wu Xiongying was obviously a little stunned after listening to these records:
"Jin Guoren is really a barbarian, his clothes and hair don't fully meet the standards, so he will kill his head directly?
"This Huang Taiji is still so serious, he can't really believe that Jin Guo was destroyed because he didn't shave his hair thoroughly, right?
"I remember that, according to Emperor Sejo, failure is fault in the struggle for the right to exist between different countries and ethnic groups.
"Jin Guo obviously couldn't defeat the Mongols who were in full swing, so he was wiped out, and it has nothing to do with whether he is sinicized.
"Otherwise, it is a completely Sinicized frustration of the Song Dynasty, why did it last longer than the Jin Kingdom?"
Wei Yuan laughed dryly, and then sighed again:
"Actually, it's not a question of sinicization or not.,It's a question of whether to take sinicization as a thing.。
"The Liao people have not cared about the question of sinicization or not.
"The Khitan people in the northern Ban can wear Khitan clothes, and the Hanchen in the southern Ban also wear Hanfu directly.
"But the Khitans also learn Chinese, and they will also be admitted to the Shike.
"The final state of the Liao State is two hundred and nine years.
"If you add the Western Liao of Yelu Dashi, then the final Guozuo will reach three hundred and two years.
"Yelu Dashi also happens to be a Jinshi of the Liao royal family.
Jin Guo first asked Hanchen to shave his hair and make it easy to wear, and then passively or actively chose to be sinicized.
"In the end, the country was only one hundred and nineteen years old.
"So Emperor Shizu said that if the sinicization is not complete, it is better not to sinicize, the two ends are not pleased, and the two ends are not good.
"When the rulers are confronted with the experience of other peoples, they want to take the best of it and get rid of the dross.
"But what is the essence and what is the dross is often chosen from the perspective of the executor himself.
"If you look at it from another group of people, the status of dross and essence may be reversed.
"For a law, a system, or a tradition to continue to be implemented and operated, there must be an environment that is suitable for it.
"The universal religion of Tessie demanded that any, believers should only monogamy, and kings and nobles must also abide by it.
"For the sake of their own practical needs, the aristocracy did not first list adultery as a major crime, nor did they emphasize women's loyalty and chastity.
"Allowing a very loose relationship between men and women in society allows them to have more women without any real responsibility.
This also directly leads to the fact that the identity of their illegitimate children is difficult to confirm, so it is natural that there is no actual inheritance.
"The Ming people regard female chastity as more important, and it is natural to impose heavy penalties on adultery, so the concubines of the Ming Dynasty can also inherit the family business.
"The Taixi nobles wanted to get more heirs, referring to the status of concubines of the Ming people, and gave their illegitimate children the right to inherit, but did not turn their lovers into legal concubines.
In the eyes of some of them, the concubine of the Ming Dynasty can inherit the family business, which must be the essence of the Ming culture.
But I didn't realize clearly that the essence also needs to be guaranteed and prerequisite.
"The inheritance of illegitimate children they give to mistresses who have no concept of chastity is obviously easy for their family property to be usurped by the children and grandchildren of outsiders."
Wu Xiongying suddenly laughed when he heard this:
"Actually, I suddenly remembered that when I used to chat with my comrades-in-arms, I found that some people had been hooked up with a woman from Tessie.
Even, some of them already felt that the Tessie had a good concept of marriage and chastity.
"They can easily sleep with a lot of women, and although they can't be sure if the woman's child is their own, they can also be completely unresponsible.
"So, if we don't change these women's notions of chastity, we will continue to preserve our monogamy and polygamy......
"Oh, that's what Uncle Wei said, take the essence from your own point of view......"
Wei Yuan also smiled directly:
"Yes, for us wise rulers, it is beneficial for us to preserve monogamy and polygonal concubinage, and of course to preserve the essence of orthodoxy.
"The concept of chastity of the Taixi woman is weak, and our soldiers can easily find the object of the solution to their needs, and they do not need to spend money on the Qinglou Chu Pavilion.
"From our point of view and that of the soldiers, it seems that this can also be the best part of the Tessie culture......
"However, our own concubines and families will also be affected by them.
"We can't guarantee the health of those Tessie women.
"For all women, they lose a lot of opportunities to become legal members of wealthy families.
"The most important thing is that this kind of system is contrary to the most fundamental traditional morality of the Ming Dynasty, and it is impossible to implement this kind of moral transformation in the entire Ming Dynasty.
"Your Majesty will never allow us to do that.
"So we have to fully implement the Ming system here.
"Laws and morals, as well as social customs, must be fully and thoroughly clarified.
"I plan to build a number of informal training schools to teach the Taixi people some simple Ming scripts, and at the same time inculcate the moral laws of the Ming Dynasty.
"Let the officials and soldiers of our yamen, as well as the Jinyi guards, be teachers, after all, they all have at least primary school diplomas.
"Teaching people to read should be enough."
Wu Xiongying listened and nodded first, and then said a little tangled:
"I have the same thoughts, but after discussing it with Uncle Wei just now, I can't help but think about it now.
"We are here to carry out a complete transformation of Minghua, and historically, the Jurchens have implemented shaving and changing clothes in the Central Plains.
"If you look at it from a certain angle...... Can this be considered the same thing? ”
Wei Yuan nodded, then shook his head again:
"There may seem to be similarities in behavior, but the actual nature is very different.
"The Jurchens suppressed civilization with barbarism, and our Ming Dynasty used civilization to educate barbarism.
"What the Jurchens felt was a luxury, and it was a matter of course for us to do it.
"The Jurchens need violence to push for the shaving order, we don't need to violently enforce the hair binding order, the Tessi will take the initiative to learn it themselves.
"The Jurchens are destroying civilization, and we are expanding the scope of civilization.
"If you want to say that the thing that is most similar to what we have now, it is the rule of the Mongols in Lucia."
This time Wu Xiongying was stunned again:
"Mongols? We know that they once ruled the Lucians, but is there any difference between them and the Jurchens? ”
Wei Yuan couldn't help but laugh again:
"For the Great Song Kingdom, the original Mongols and Jurchens were both northern barbarians.
"But for the Lucians of 600 years ago, the Mongols were certainly civilized.
"The Han in the early and middle periods, the Tang in the early and middle periods, the Mongols six hundred years ago, and the Ming people now all have similarities.
"According to Emperor Shizu's words, this is a strong man mentality who looks down on all directions.
"Needless to say, Han and Tang are naturally able to barely be counted, and even the Liao Kingdom can barely be counted.
"When the Liao State was established, the Central Plains was in a chaotic era of five dynasties and ten kingdoms, and Shi Jingjiao once recognized Yelu Abaoji as his father emperor.
"The Mongols conquered the largest territory in history in their own time.
"The Liao State allowed the Han people to wear Hanfu, and the Mongols did not care about clothing at all, and their rule over the local area was also very rude.
"Because they trust their own force and can easily wipe out any resistance.
It is this strong but laissez-faire posture that has led many Han people to take the initiative to learn their habits.
Zheng Sixiao, a poet at the end of the Song Dynasty, lamented in his article that the people in Jiangnan pursued Mongolian customs in the early Yuan Dynasty
"The clothes, food, temperament, manners, weather, speech, and rhythm of the people of Jinnan are all mixed with them, lest there be any resemblance to them.
"I'm afraid that there is a little bit of learning that is not like the Mongols, just like our Taixi people learn from us Ming people today.
Another literati, Wang Yi, also recalled the atmosphere of Jiangnan scholars in the Yuan Dynasty:
"Yuan has the south of the Yangtze River, with extravagance and rudeness, changing the customs of etiquette and literature, not decades, smoked and ruthless, and turned into a wind. And the legacy of the Song Dynasty has been wiped out.
"Those who are scholars braid their hair and short clothes, imitate their language and appearance, and attach themselves to it, hoping to get the advancement quickly, otherwise they will be ridiculed and thought to be cowardly, and those who are not sure to be confident will rarely change.
"Jiangnan people no longer pursue literary etiquette, but pursue boldness and rudeness, and are attached to the local Mongolians, hoping to be promoted as officials.
"At that time, the Jiangnan people, who did not wear short clothes and rode horses, did not talk and do things like the Mongols, they would be despised and timid by others.
There is a Wuxi man Qian Shiliang, who tried his best to imitate Mongolian customs, "Words and looks like Mongolia, so the Taishi Timur Zhen'er saw love, so he took his daughter's wife."
This Qian Shiliang finally became the deputy marshal of the Guangdong Xuanwei Division, which shows that taking the initiative to Mongolianization is indeed beneficial.
In this way, emulating the powerful Mongols gradually became the custom of the Jiangnan people.
In the early years of the Ming Dynasty, Fang Xiaoru wrote an epitaph to a friend of his, which mentioned some of the circumstances at that time:
"'The world is reduced to Huyi, and the whole world has braided hair and vertebrae, learned its language and writing, and galloped horses with swords as normal'.
"Only the tomb owner's long clothes and dangerous hats, Xu Yan and elegant steps, and Confucian rites remain unchanged", everyone thinks they are different. ’
"This friend of his, that is, the owner of the tomb, at a time when everyone in the world learned the Mongolian braids and the Mongolian habits.
He also continued to wear traditional Hanfu and used traditional Confucian interests, which was called an outlier by the people of the time.
It can be seen that Meng Yuan really doesn't care how they dressed the Southern Dynasties, but he let the Southern Dynasties take the initiative to pursue and learn from the Mongols.
Liu Xia, a Confucian scholar in Jiangxi on the occasion of the Yuan and Ming dynasties, once commented:
"At the beginning of the Song and Yuan Dynasty reforms, the father and brother were old and suspicious, thinking that they were different.
"The years have passed, and it has gradually become a hundred years, and the children of the later generations have been exposed to it, and the spiritual and mental techniques have been integrated with it.
Therefore, in recent years, the people of the world have become accustomed to bad Yilun, disdain etiquette, beg for convenience, and be shameless.
So all the scholars and doctors had Di Xi......
"At the beginning, the Jiangnan people thought that the Mongolian habits were strange.
But a hundred years later, the folk scholars have taken it for granted that the Hu people have the habit of the Hu people.
"Even ...... Emperor Taizu Gao gave his royal name Wu before ascending the throne to his youngest son, His Royal Highness King Zhou Ding.
"This is probably influenced by the Mongolian custom of 'keeping the stove for young sons'......
"Emperor Taizu Gao once wanted to move the capital to Fengyang Mansion, and later thought about moving the capital to Xi'an Mansion and sent Prince Yiwen to Xi'an to investigate.
"If Prince Yiwen did not have an early order and the Ming Dynasty moved its capital to Xi'an, then His Royal Highness King Wu could just stay in Yingtianfu and inherit Taizu's earliest foundation in Jiangnan.
This is a typical arrangement of "young sons guarding the stove" in Mongolian customs.
"However, the fact is that after Emperor Taizu Gao recreated China, he began to work hard to restore the Han and Tang Dynasty rules and regulations, and he was dressed in clothes.
"In the court and the people, the influence of Meng Yuan was constantly eliminated, and the old customs left by Meng Yuan were abandoned.
"It's just obviously a long process.
"After the three dynasties of Hongwu, Yongle and Xuande, until the time of the orthodox dynasty, the people can often find the statue of Confucius with left hair, please modify and reshape.
"In the thirteenth year of orthodoxy, the imperial court directly ordered: 'The statue of Confucius in all prefectures and counties was molded with a left suit in the late Yuan Dynasty, and the right one was changed'."
When Wei Yuan said this, the car in which the two of them were riding had already returned to Wu Xiongying's temporary baronial mansion.
When Wu Xiongying had already stopped, he asked a question with a little confusion:
"The Mongols could not have been more educated than the Jiangnan people at that time, and they could not have been more civilized than the Southern Song Dynasty.
However, scholars from the Southern Song Dynasty took the initiative to learn the system and living habits of the Mongols.
So, what exactly is civilization? Is it powerful or cultured?
"Taixi people take the initiative to learn from Daming, is it because Daming is cultured, or is it because Daming is more powerful?"
Wei Yuan already had an idea in his heart, so he said it directly at this time:
"The Mongols are strong but not civilized, the Southern Song Dynasty people are civilized but not strong, and our Ming Dynasty is strong and civilized.
"Because we are strong, foreign races will take the initiative to learn from our civilization.
"Because of our civilization, they will also become civilized because of it.
"This is the current education of our Ming Dynasty."