Second, one banner owner of the Eight Banners controlled the Eight Banners of Manchuria, Mongolia, and Han at the same time.

During the Nurhachi period, the Eight Banners were established, and the banners were called "Gushan" in the Manchu language. At that time, the Eight Banners were mainly composed of Jurchens, but there were also Mongols and Han Chinese. Eight flags, one flag or one lord, or two or more lords, each flag has a lord as the flag owner, a flag, the lord can have more than one, but the flag owner is only one, so the flag lord and the lord are not synonymous. The lord is the leader of all the cows, and there may be only one in a banner, or maybe several. The Banner Master is in charge of the entire Banner Affairs, so the Banner Owner has the dual status of a lord and an official in charge of the Flag Affairs.

The number of cattle records under each of the eight banners is also different, some flags are larger, there are more cattle records, and some flags are less. During the Nurhachi period, the number of the two yellow flags he led was large, and the number of banners led by his younger brother Shulhaqi was also relatively large, while the number of flags led by Nurhachi's sons was relatively small.

When we mention the establishment of the Eight Banners in many books, we often say that there are five Niulu under one banner, and there are five Niu Lu under one Jia La, and how many people there are in one Niu Lu, as if the number of people is average, and there are always twenty-five Niu Lu under a solid mountain, that is, 7,500 people.

In fact, this is a design in principle, and it does not reflect the actual situation at that time, and many banner owners can even have sixty cattle records, who would oppose the increase of their own people.

Nurhachi established the sub-feudal system, and the Huang Taiji period was the expansion of the sub-feudal system. Because during the Huang Taiji period, two kinds of solid mountains were expanded, one was the eight solid mountains organized by the Mongolians, that is, the Mongolian Eight Banners, and the other was the eight solid mountains organized by the Han people, that is, the Eight Banners of the Han Army. The original Eight Banners were called the Eight Banners of Manchuria.

Some of the bannermen of the newly formed Mongolian Gushan and Han Army Gushan were under the original Manchurian Eight Banners, and these people were drawn out to form another Gushan. The Eight Banners of Mongolia were established in the ninth year after Huang Taiji's succession to the throne of Khan, that is, in the ninth year of Tiancong. In the past, the so-called Mongolian left and right battalions referred to the military camps organized by the Mongols under the Manchurian flag.

The Eight Banners of the Han Army established a banner in the Tiancong period, and two more banners were established in the first year of Chongde of Huang Taiji, and the four years of Chongde were expanded to four banners, and the eight banners of the Han Army were established in the seventh year of Chongde. Although it is customary to understand the Eight Banners of Manchuria, the Eight Banners of Mongolia, and the Eight Banners of the Han Army as independent units.

In fact, this is not the case, the lord or banner owner of the same color flag actually has three military flags of Manchuria, Mongolia and Han army.

What this means is that there will always be only eight banner owners, but because each banner owner has eight banners of Manchuria, eight banners of Mongolia, and eight banners of the Han army, that is to say, there are three solid mountain Ezhen, so there are twenty-four eight banners of the Eight Banners (that is, the later Dutong), and the eight banners have twenty-four solid mountain formations from this.

For example, Nurhachi's youngest son, Duoduo, led the Zhengbai Banner during the Chongde period, and once he committed a crime and wanted to deprive him of some of his Zuo Commanders, so he took out a part of the Manchu Zuo Commanders under the Manchu Gushan under his Zhengbai Banner, the Mongol Zuo Commanders under the Mongol Gushan Mountains, and the Han Army Zuo Commanders under the Han Army's Gushan Mountains, and no longer came under his control.

Therefore, after entering the customs, the prince of the Eight Banners was divided again, and the leaders of the feudal were still the bannermen under the leadership of Manchuria, Mongolia, and the Han Army. These banner people are all slaves of the lord and have a master-slave relationship. In addition, there is administration, distribution of benefits, and military deployment, and in many cases the entire banner (including the three solid mountains) is a large unit.

The banner owner is the lord of the banner owner of the one-color flag, one person per flag, also called Gushan Baylor. After Huang Taiji called the emperor, the clan Baylor was divided into princes and other dukes, and the previous banner owner Baylor was named Prince Heshuo, so during the Chongde period, all those who were crowned Prince Heshuo were all flag owners, and they were not enough to be qualified to be crowned Prince Heshuo

。 At that time, there were Prince Rui Dolgon, Prince Li Daishan, Prince Zheng Jierharang, Prince Cheng Yue Tuo, Prince Yu Duoduo, and Prince Su Haoge, because at that time, the two yellow flags were personally led by Huang Taiji, and only the other six flags had the prince's flag owner.