"This is the root of why you were beaten by the veterans of the Eight Banners today."

"If you were prepared and didn't relax, how could you fall into this kind of powerlessness?"

"Look at Abuham; Ingley, he is also a new recruit of the Eight Banners who has just enlisted in the army, he did not relax, not only did he not do it like you this time, but he also beat the veterans who did it against them. ”

Gualca. Rhodes said to all the recruits.

Between the words, there is a strong sense of admonition.

For the Qing Dynasty military camp, this is also a kind of inheritance.

After hearing this, the anger and hatred on the faces of thousands of Eight Banner recruits gradually disappeared, and what came to them was a kind of deep thought.

See here.

Gualca. Rod nodded in satisfaction.

"Brother Ingrid, you've been praised by Jiala's Ezhen."

Shi Dun. Du Duo and the others were very excited.

If it weren't for Abuhan. Ingley, they must be among the thousands of recruits who have been beaten.

"Boot barracks, start."

"Strength is victory, and victory gets power."

Abuhan. Ingrid clenched his fists, his heart full of anticipation.

He knows.

This time the bet was right.

At this moment, the eyes of those recruits looked at them and changed, with great admiration and respect.

And today's appearance will definitely be reported to the military camp, and it may even reach the heavens, to the ears of the Qing Emperor Huang Taiji.

After all.

led the recruits to beat up the veterans of the sneak attack, which was the first time in the Qing army.

He Abuhan. Ingley's and may be remembered in the ears of Huang Taiji.

Don't look at this as having no unique effect, but in the future Abuhan. Ingley killed the enemy and made meritorious contributions, and those generals, the generals and the prince Baylor, and even the emperor Taiji would definitely be impressed when they heard that it was him, and then gave him a unique favor.

This is Abuhan. Ingrid's scheme.

In the military.

It's not enough to have courage, you also need to have brains.

Then.

Gualca. Rod spoke again: "Today is the second day of your enlistment. ”

"Equally."

"It's also the key to determining your military position."

The voice fell.

Gualca. Rhodes looked at Abuhan. Ingridy, all the recruits were surprised, but for the veterans, it seemed to know what was going to happen next.

"Abuhan. Ingley. "Gualca. Rod said loudly.

"The subordinates are here."

Abuhan. Ingrid walked out straight, bowing down.

"As far as you maintain the situation today, you have not slackened, and you have countered the sneak attack of veterans, which is the first case in my military camp in the Qing Dynasty."

"And you can mobilize new soldiers from the barracks to fight the enemy together, which shows that you are brave and resourceful."

"Ben will promote you to the head of the Tun today."

Gualca. Rhodes confronted Abuhan. Ingrid Road.

As soon as the words fell.

The recruits throughout the boot camp were shocked.

The tun commander has mastered a troop of 50 people, and it is difficult for ordinary people to be promoted to the tun chief without three or five years.

And at this moment, Abuhan. Ingley, a newly recruited Eight Banners warrior, was unusually promoted to the rank of tun chief, isn't that too fast? It's incredible.

Not only the recruits of the Eight Banners, but also the veterans of the Eight Banners, all looked at Jia La'e Zhen Guerjia in a daze. Rod.

"What's wrong with the general?"

"In the past, even the position of chief was decided after half a month, after the training of recruits, and at the beginning, it was only the selection of the best to be promoted to the chief officer."

"It seems that today is this Abuhan. Ingrid was brilliant and made the general look high, but this Abuhan. Ingrid is indeed powerful, and he brought down us Eight Banners veterans with the Eight Banners recruits. ”

Many people are thinking about it.

"Brother Ingrid deserves to be Brother Ingrid."

"On the second day of enlistment, I became the commander of the tun."

"The tun commander is in charge of fifty soldiers, and we can be with Brother Ingrid in the future."

Shi Dun. The nineteen people in Duduo Village were very excited.

In the army of the Qing Dynasty, there was a clear hierarchy of military formations.

Five people are in the team, and there is one army chief; The second army is what, and the chief is set up; Five tithes for the tun, set up a tun chief, two tun for a hundred, set up a centurion one, three hundred, set up a cow record for a person, five cattle for a real Jialan Ezhen, five Jialan for a real set of solid mountain Ezhen, a solid mountain hand, at least twenty-five Niu Lu, that is, seven thousand five hundred people, sometimes a solid mountain can bring more than 60 Niu Lu, that is more than 20,000 people, on the solid mountain is the flag owner, the flag owner is the brother and son of the Emperor Taiji, nephews, usually not in the barracks, so, in the barracks, Gushan is really the biggest official.

So who is the biggest of the Eight Banners' capital and the banner owner?

Needless to say, the answer is, of course, that the flag is big.

The Manchu Eight Banners have a strict hierarchy, no matter who you are, what position you hold, even if you are a first-class official, as long as you still belong to the banner people, you must kowtow when you see the banner owner, so it seems that the official position of the Eight Banners banner owner should be higher than the first grade.

In the Eight Banners, the highest official position in the banner is the capital commander, the official residence is from a product, mainly responsible for the number of people in a banner, upbringing, official inheritance and military training, etc., the position of the capital is already very large, but it is still not as good as the flag owner, because the capital also has to listen to the flag owner, and the flag owner is the iron hat king who has been passed down from generation to generation. In this way, it can be seen how high the official status of the Eight Banners Banner Owner is.

In general, generally the upper three banners are directly controlled by the emperor, and the lower five banners are basically controlled by the nobles, generally speaking, they are princes or bailes, these people's status is already high, if they serve as the banner owner of one of the banners, the status is even more prominent, and it is already higher than the ordinary official position, and it should be regarded as the core figure of the core ruling class during the Qing Dynasty.

The earliest Eight Banners are the owners of Nurhachi and his sons or nephews, you must know that the Eight Banners is a collection of population, military power and property of a kind of community, in the early days, although the emperor is the supreme leader and commander, but the implementation of the feudal system, the Eight Banners population according to the cattle record to the prince and the prince of the clan, attached to the population, the land, property, have become the private property or private attachment of these princes and princes.

In fact, the banner owner setting of the Eight Banners is much more advanced than the feudal system of the Ming Dynasty.

There is a notable feature of Qing politics, that is, the Eight Banners system. It includes many aspects such as politics, military, and society, so if you want to understand the system of the Qing Dynasty, you have to mention the Eight Banners. In order to let more readers understand the Eight Flags system, let's talk about the advantages of the Eight Flags system.

First, the emergence of the Eight Banners and the feudal system of lords are advanced compared with the feudal system of previous dynasties

The Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty were born and developed in the course of military wars, and specifically, they were formed to adapt to conquest and annexation, and were formed as an organization integrating military, administrative, and production functions. Among them, the main ones are military functions, and then there is the administration of the banner people.

Before entering the customs, the flag soldiers were not paid, and the production was mainly hunting and gathering, and there was also some agriculture, and the main source of economy was to send troops to plunder property as the main means. After the Later Jin regime entered Liaoshen, it occupied a large amount of land, and the so-called "Ji Ding granted land" appeared, which also became the main production function of the Eight Banners, but this function basically disappeared after entering the customs.

In the process of military annexation, the Eight Banners of Manchuria conquered a large number of people, and these people were compiled as Niulu (Zuo Ling), and distributed to the people of the family with relatively high status and military achievements, and those with high status received the whole flag or half-flag, which is the so-called Eight Banners lord sub-feudal system.

The heroes with different surnames who helped Nurhachi fight the world should be given corresponding remuneration, and they should also be divided into cattle and people. In addition, those who led the people to join were also compiled as Niu Lu, and they were still under their command. These two forms belong to the division of different surnames. However, the lord of the different surname and his Niu Lu are under the leadership of the Aixin Jueluo family, such as Eyidu, one of the five ministers with a different surname, and his assistant leader was initially under the white flag, under the lord of Azig, and later changed his descendants to the yellow flag and came under the banner of the emperor.

Heroes with different surnames are under the owner of a certain flag, and there is no independence, so these people have a dual identity, from the point of view of the leader he leads, he is the master, and there are people below, but there is also a master above him, so he has both the identity of a slave and the identity of a master.

The lord sub-feudal system of the Eight Banners is different from the typical Western Zhou and Mengyuan sub-feudals, and its particularity can be summed up in four words, that is, "sealing but not building". The so-called "feudal but not built" refers to only subdividing the feudal to the subjects to make them lords (banner lords), but not establishing states, and the lords (banner lords) are not the monarchs, and all the lords (banner lords) are concentrated in the capital and centrally controlled.

The leaders of each of the Eight Banners were uniformly mobilized by the central government, and whenever there was a war, they were directly selected by lottery to form an army temporarily. The division of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the lords were divided into feudal states throughout the country, and the same was true of the Mongols, the family of Genghis Khan, who conquered Eurasia and divided some khanates, and the Yuan Dynasty established in East Asia was actually only one of the kingdoms.

Even after the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongols were driven north of the Great Wall by the Ming Dynasty, and their feuds were still spread across the north and south of the desert, and there were independent tribes of lords in each place. This is very different from the Manchu division, which is also the genius of Nurhachi. In this way, the dispersion and political division of the national army are avoided, and the forces can be concentrated to annex and conquer the places to be conquered.

Initially, Nurhachi's army was much weaker than the Mongol Chahar at that time, but because the Mongols were scattered and divided, there were internal contradictions and divisions, and some tribes were attached to the Manchu regime, and the Manchu Eight Banners finally defeated the Chahar and other scattered Mongol tribes. The special feudal system of the Eight Banners was also a very important factor for the Manchus to unify the Northeast, conquer Mongolia, and establish the Later Jin regime before entering the customs.

Second, one banner owner of the Eight Banners controlled the Eight Banners of Manchuria, Mongolia, and Han at the same time.

During the Nurhachi period, the Eight Banners were established, and the banners were called "Gushan" in the Manchu language. At that time, the Eight Banners were mainly composed of Jurchens, but there were also Mongols and Han Chinese. Eight flags, one flag or one lord, or two or more lords, each flag has a lord as the flag owner, a flag, the lord can have more than one, but the flag owner is only one, so the flag lord and the lord are not synonymous. The lord is the leader of all the cows, and there may be only one in a banner, or maybe several. The Banner Master is in charge of the entire Banner Affairs, so the Banner Owner has the dual status of a lord and an official in charge of the Flag Affairs.

The number of cattle records under each of the eight banners is also different, some flags are larger, there are more cattle records, and some flags are less. During the Nurhachi period, the number of the two yellow flags he led was large, and the number of banners led by his younger brother Shulhaqi was also relatively large, while the number of flags led by Nurhachi's sons was relatively small.

When we mention the establishment of the Eight Banners in many books, we often say that there are five Niulu under one banner, and there are five Niu Lu under one Jia La, and how many people there are in one Niu Lu, as if the number of people is average, and there are always twenty-five Niu Lu under a solid mountain, that is, 7,500 people.

In fact, this is a design in principle, and it does not reflect the actual situation at that time, and many banner owners can even have sixty cattle records, who would oppose the increase of their own people.

Nurhachi established the sub-feudal system, and the Huang Taiji period was the expansion of the sub-feudal system. Because during the Huang Taiji period, two kinds of solid mountains were expanded, one was the eight solid mountains organized by the Mongolians, that is, the Mongolian Eight Banners, and the other was the eight solid mountains organized by the Han people, that is, the Eight Banners of the Han Army. The original Eight Banners were called the Eight Banners of Manchuria.

Some of the bannermen of the newly formed Mongolian Gushan and Han Army Gushan were under the original Manchurian Eight Banners, and these people were drawn out to form another Gushan. The Eight Banners of Mongolia were established in the ninth year after Huang Taiji's succession to the throne of Khan, that is, in the ninth year of Tiancong. In the past, the so-called Mongolian left and right battalions referred to the military camps organized by the Mongols under the Manchurian flag.

The Eight Banners of the Han Army established a banner in the Tiancong period, and two more banners were established in the first year of Chongde of Huang Taiji, and the four years of Chongde were expanded to four banners, and the eight banners of the Han Army were established in the seventh year of Chongde. Although it is customary to understand the Eight Banners of Manchuria, the Eight Banners of Mongolia, and the Eight Banners of the Han Army as independent units.

In fact, this is not the case, the lord or banner owner of the same color flag actually has three military flags of Manchuria, Mongolia and Han army.

What this means is that there will always be only eight banner owners, but because each banner owner has eight banners of Manchuria, eight banners of Mongolia, and eight banners of the Han army, that is to say, there are three solid mountain Ezhen, so there are twenty-four eight banners of the Eight Banners (that is, the later Dutong), and the eight banners have twenty-four solid mountain formations from this.

For example, Nurhachi's youngest son, Duoduo, led the Zhengbai Banner during the Chongde period, and once he committed a crime and wanted to deprive him of some of his Zuo Commanders, so he took out a part of the Manchu Zuo Commanders under the Manchu Gushan under his Zhengbai Banner, the Mongol Zuo Commanders under the Mongol Gushan Mountains, and the Han Army Zuo Commanders under the Han Army's Gushan Mountains, and no longer came under his control.

Therefore, after entering the customs, the prince of the Eight Banners was divided again, and the leaders of the feudal were still the bannermen under the leadership of Manchuria, Mongolia, and the Han Army. These banner people are all slaves of the lord and have a master-slave relationship. In addition, there is administration, distribution of benefits, and military deployment, and in many cases the entire banner (including the three solid mountains) is a large unit.

The banner owner is the lord of the banner owner of the one-color flag, one person per flag, also called Gushan Baylor. After Huang Taiji called the emperor, the clan Baylor was divided into princes and other dukes, and the previous banner owner Baylor was named Prince Heshuo, so during the Chongde period, all those who were crowned Prince Heshuo were all flag owners, and they were not enough to be qualified to be crowned Prince Heshuo.

At that time, there were Prince Rui Dolgon, Prince Li Daishan, Prince Zheng Jierharang, Prince Cheng Yue Tuo, Prince Yu Duoduo, and Prince Su Haoge, because at that time, the two yellow flags were personally led by Huang Taiji, and only the other six flags had the prince's flag owner.

If there are two or more lords of a banner, who is the banner owner, this was also a principle at that time, that is, the elder and the younger were in order, and the elder brother was the banner owner. For example, the two lords with the white flag are Dolgon and Azig, because Azig is the elder brother, so Azig is the banner master, and later Azig was removed from the crime, and Dolgon became the banner owner.

Another example is that the banner owner of the Blue Banner is Mang Gurtai, and after his death, he will be succeeded by the Derge class as the banner master. The same is true for the red flag, and Daishan's eldest son Yue is entrusted as the flag owner. It should be noted that those who serve as the flag owner are all descendants, and those who are concubines cannot serve as the flag master.

Third, the lord of the Eight Banners is not the same as the lord of the banner,

The lord leads his own banner and leads his subordinates, forming a subordinate relationship, which is not a subordinate relationship in the general bureaucracy. The master is the master, the genus is the slave, and the person has the attribute of life to the lord. There are two kinds of people, one is called "Aha", who is a pure domestic slave and a subordinate under the collar of the cloth. The other is called "Zhushen", and after entering the customs, it is called "Hello", which is the leader of the banner, and these two kinds of people have a master-slave relationship with the lord of the leader, but the degree of subordination is different.

Aha served in the house of his master, and the state had no right to serve them. And Zhu Shen is a subordinate of the banner and a subordinate of the state, and after being divided, he belongs to the subjects under the lord, and has a private attribute to the lord, so he has both the two subordinate relationships of the state and the lord.

Although the eight banners under the feudal system of the lord are concentrated under the Later Jin regime, on the other hand, each banner is a relatively independent political unit, and its officials have their own banner people.

Therefore, before entering the customs and at the beginning of entering the customs, as soon as you see someone as the flag official of a certain flag, you can determine his flag status, clarify his flag status, and you can judge who his master is and who he has a main relationship. As for the principle of the system of the banner person serving as the flag officer, it was not changed until the 36th year of Kangxi, and the capital and deputy capital could cross the flag and serve.

It is precisely because each banner is a relatively independent political unit, and the regime in the early Qing Dynasty was composed of the Eight Banners, so the major national policies in the early Qing Dynasty must be jointly resolved by the lords of the Eight Banners, all of which are indispensable. Because the Eight Banners have common affairs, the Later Jin and Qing regimes jointly organized by the Eight Banners, and the centralized state affairs, must be jointly decided. Therefore, the banner lord and lord at that time all had the power of course to parliament, which was called "into the eight".

In a regime composed of eight banners, each flag accounts for one-eighth, and when the government is discussed together, it should be included in the eighth. At that time, in addition to the banner lord and lord, there was also the supreme administrator of each banner, Gushan Ezhen, one person for each banner. During the Chongde period, some ministers were appointed to expand the number of parliamentary ministers, and the flags were also divided equally, still accounting for one-eighth.

The "eight-point" political system under the division of the Eight Banners is also reflected in the financial aspect. Each flag was an economic entity, and trade with the border people of the Ming Dynasty was carried out with the flag as its own independent unit. In addition, there is also the saying that the property is divided equally among the eight banners. If the spoils of war were obtained, such as plundering a large amount of gold and silver treasures, livestock, and people, the eight families divided it equally after the war, and after occupying a large amount of land, the eight families divided it equally.

The banner lord and lord also have some kind of personal possession of the banner army, because the soldiers of the banner are the lord's subordinates. Among them, the elite troops of the Eight Banners, Bayala (Guardian Army), are the armies of each lord with strong private attributes, guarding their own mansions. This system was also followed until the Yongzheng Dynasty.

The above is basically the political system of the Eight Banners and the feudal system of the lords, of course, after entering the customs, especially in the Kangxi Dynasty, the power of the Eight Banners is weakening, and the centralized power is increasing, but there is a Qing generation, and the Eight Banners system is still the fundamental system of the country, until the end of the Qing Dynasty.

。。。。。

。。。。。

"Abuhan. Ingley, what? Don't want to be a tun chief? ”

Look at Abuhan. Ingrid didn't move, Gualga. Rod said with a little surprise.

But Abuhan. Ingrid straightened up unhurriedly and looked at Guarda with a frank gaze. Rhodes asked loudly: "Dare to ask my lord, what kind of military position can a recruit perform in the new barracks?" ”

As soon as the words fell.

The soldiers in the entire boot camp looked at Abuhan with wide eyes. Ingley.

Even the most humble person can understand Abuhan. Meaning in English words.

Tun Chang.

Abuhan. Ingrid is not satisfied, he also wants to do a higher position.

Now.

Gualca. Rhodes was also Abuhan. Ingley's words were shocked, he didn't expect Abuhan. Ingrid would not be satisfied.

"Abuhan. Kid Ingrid. ”

"You're not old, but your mind is so big."

"What? Can't satisfy you anymore? "Gualca. Rod said in a deep voice.

Abuhan. Ingrid was not in a hurry: "General, a soldier who doesn't want to be a general is not a good soldier, I'm Abuhan. Naturally, English wanted to be a bull. ”

As soon as the words fell.