Second, succeed the Khan throne in danger, deal with the Ming Dynasty, and accumulate strength

On August 11, the 11th year of the Mandate of Heaven (1626), Nurhachi died of depression due to the defeat in the Battle of Ningyuan. The eldest concubine Abahai and two concubines were martyred. The Khan was elected among the four great beyles, and the great beyl deity was due to his ambiguous relationship with the eldest concubine Alashi Abahai, and this deceitful behavior made him a great prestige among the kings, and his father Khan had abolished his inheritance during his lifetime. The second Bel Amin is not the son of Nurhachi, and he participated in the defection of his father Shulhaqi, let alone a candidate. Sanbeile Mang Gurtai's biological mother stepconcubine Fucha died due to the offense of "stealing gold silk", and he himself had a rough temperament and no one to support him, so he naturally could not be supported as Khan. Only the four Baylor Emperor Taiji is the strongest, and his political vision, military talent and personal prestige are above the Baylor, so he is a more suitable candidate for Houjin Khan. So on the day of Nurhachi's death, Daishan and his sons Yuetuo and Sakhalian supported the throne of the emperor's heir, and told the ministers of Zhubeile the reason for supporting the emperor's Taiji: "Talent and virtue crown the world, and immediately succeed to the throne." Because of the strong support of Dai Shan, who is the eldest brother, all Baylor "is a conjunction, please take the throne", and Huang Taiji "resigned again and again, and it was promised for a long time", and was promoted as the Great Khan. On September 1, Huang Taiji was the Khan, burned incense to the sky, and declared the following year as the first year of Tiancong.

When Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne, the Later Jin Dynasty faced serious difficulties, mainly including the Ming Dynasty had built the Guanningjin defense line and united Korea and Mongolia to blockade the Later Jin, the collegial system of the Four Great Baylors constrained the Khan's power, the ethnic and class contradictions within the Later Jin Dynasty became increasingly fierce, the economy of the Later Jin Dynasty encountered great difficulties, and the people of the Later Jin Dynasty were war-weary. For the Ming Dynasty, Huang Taiji established the "two strategies of peace and self-consolidation", to gain time to solve a series of urgent problems faced by the Later Jin, and then wait for the maturity of the army. [At that time, the Ming Dynasty was hardening because of Ning Yuan's victory. As soon as Huang Taiji came to power, he sent a letter to Yuan Chonghuan, the governor of Ningyuan, expressing his hope to "reconcile with each other". The Ming Dynasty did not sit back and wait for the Houjin to withdraw its troops, but while asking for land, it built Tashan, Xiaolinghe City and Jinzhou City to step up preparations for war. In May of the first year of Tiancong (the seventh year of the Ming Dynasty, 1627), following the conquest of the Joseon Dynasty, Huang Taiji personally led a large army to conquer the Ming Dynasty. At this time, Yuan Chonghuan, a cadre of the Ming Dynasty, was implementing the "recovery plan", that is, "guarding the Liao land with the Liao people and raising the Liao people with the Liao land". He repaired the city and tuntian, and used the tun to raise the war, and "the defense is the right thing, and the war is the strange work". [22] Huang Taiji wanted to launch an attack as soon as possible and launched the Battle of Ningjin, but he suffered heavy casualties, but Ningyuan City remained unmoved. continued to attack for more than ten days, but still to no avail. It was Yuan Chonghuan who guarded Ningyuan, and he ordered Man Gui, You Shilu, and Zu Dashou to go out of the city to resist the battle. Huang Taiji Governor Daishan, Amin, Mang Gurtai, Azig and others attacked. The Ming army shouted resistance. Yuan Chonghuan took command and magnified the artillery, and the Houjin soldiers fell in rows, the guerrilla Jue Luo Bai Shan and Beiyu Bashi were shot dead, and Belezir Harang, Saharan, and Wakda were all wounded. The Ming general Man Gui was also seriously wounded, and most of the soldiers were killed or wounded. Ning was far away, and Huang Taiji returned to Jinzhou on June 4. The soldiers suffered a lot of heat stroke, and Huang Taiji knew that he could not stay for a long time, so he ordered to withdraw the army the next day. In this battle, the Ming army successfully defended, and it was called "Ningjin Great Victory". If Liaoxi cannot be captured, it will not be able to enter Shanhaiguan, and if it wants to seize Beijing, it will have to find another way. Huang Taiji knew something about Mongolia, and at that time he had already participated in the alliance with the Khalkha, Horqin and other departments, and had also led troops to aid Horqin.

In February of the second year of Tiancong (the first year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, 1628), Huang Taiji first led his two younger brothers, Dolgon and the army of Duoduo, to personally investigate the Dorote Department to which Har belonged, and entered the place of Aomulun, capturing 11,200 people. Because of the great victory of Aomulun, Dolgon was given the name Murgen Daiqing, and Duoduo was given the name Erke Chuhuer. In August, peace was negotiated with Karaqin, and in September, troops from Horqin, Karaqin, Aohan, Naiman and Khalkha were transferred to the meeting. On September 6, the Houjin army set out for Chahar. On the 20th, they attacked Silha, Sibertu, Ying, and Tong, all of them. The next day, they chased to the Xing'an Mountains and obtained countless people and animals. Victorious in mid-October. [25] During this expedition, the Later Jin not only dealt a blow to the great enemy Chahar tribes, but also further consolidated their rule over the subjugated Mongol tribes. Soon after, the Emperor Taiji sent Ashdarhan to these places to proclaim the edict, and in the future, such as the expedition to Har, all those who are in charge of the banner of the Beyler under the age of seventy and above thirteen will be subject to the levy, and those who violate the law will be punished with horses and camels, and those who do not go to the place of rendezvous will also be punished with horses.

Third, the reform of the old and the new, the other three Baylors, consolidated the centralization of power

From October of the third year of Tiancong (the second year of Ming Chongzhen, 1629) to the first month of the fourth year of Tiancong (the third year of Ming Chongzhen, 1630), Huang Taiji led the army from Mongolia to break into the interior of the Ming Dynasty when the Guanningjin defense line was difficult to overcome, and failed to attack Beijing. In the first month of the fourth year of Tiancong (1630), Huang Taiji led his troops to capture the four cities of Zunhua, Yongping, Qian'an and Luanzhou. He decided to consolidate the four cities he had occupied, and drove a nail in the pass to serve as a stronghold. The Ming court mobilized various armies, organized a counteroffensive, and recovered the four cities of Yongping, and the Jin soldiers were defeated and returned to Shenyang. Huang Taiji has gained four cities because of the loss, "sentimental tears, big and small ministers, all weep when they see it". [101]

After Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne, he conformed to the trend of historical development and promoted the feudalization process of the Later Jin regime. Huang Taiji himself had a good cultural literacy, and at this time he implemented measures to revitalize culture and education. In the third year of Tiancong (the second year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, 1629), he first proposed to "fight chaos with martial arts, and promote peace with literature and education", changed the policy of his father Nurhachi to massacre literati, and conducted an examination that year, and selected 200 Manchu, Han and Mongolian students. [26] He had recognized the importance of the development of culture and education in the governance of the country, and said that it should not be thought that it would be impossible to do things without studying. It was stipulated that from the sixth year of Tiancong (the fifth year of Ming Chongzhen, 1632), the children of ministers of Fan Beile were under the age of fifteen and over eight years old, and they were all ordered to study. He sent people to measure the land, returned the "surplus land everywhere" to the public, and distributed it to the people to cultivate, and did not allow the banner owners and nobles to set up farms again. The original 13 Zhuang Ding was changed to a village for every 8 Zhuang Ding, and "the rest of the Han people were divided into separate residences and classified as private households." He also ordered the compilation of Zhuang Ding and the liberation of some slaves and maids as compilers. These measures have restricted the privileges of the Manchu aristocracy to a certain extent, which is conducive to the development of agricultural production. He tried his best to learn Han culture and ordered Confucian ministers to translate Chinese character books.

Huang Taiji actively weakened the other three Baylor, Tiancong four years (1630) June, Huang Taiji used the two Bayle Amin to abandon Luanzhou, Yongping, Qian'an, Zunhua four cities defeated as a truth, convened the Council of Ministers of Zhubeile, convicted Amin of 16 crimes, sent Amin to the high wall to be imprisoned, never to be used, soon Amin died of illness. In August of the fifth year of Tiancong (1631), in the battle of the Great Ling River, Huang Taiji and Sanbeile Mang Gurtai had a quarrel, Mang Gurtai drew his sword and faced each other, Huang Taiji used this as a reason to punish Mang Huiertai, remove the name of Da Beile, demote him to an ordinary Baylor, take his subordinates of Wuniulu, and fine him 10,000 taels of silver and a number of horses. Mang Gurtai later died of anger. At this point, only the big Baylor is left in the three Baylors. In December of the same year, when Zhu Beile proposed that Mang Gurtai "should not sit with Shang", Dai Shan immediately said: "We are waiting for the high position and sitting side by side with the Shang, and it is not at ease with this heart. From now on, I will sit in the center on the south side, and I will sit on the side with Mang Gurtai." He took the initiative to ask to quit and sit together, and was allowed by Huang Taiji. [In the New Year's Day on the first day of the first month of the sixth year of Tiancong (the fifth year of Ming Chongzhen, 1632), Huang Taiji accepted the suggestion of Li Bolong, who participated in the politics of the Ministry of Rites, and abolished the old system of "sitting in the south with the three major Baylors" and managing the government together, and changed it to "sit alone in the south" to highlight the exclusive status of the Khan. In September of the ninth year of Tiancong (1633), Huang Taiji convened a meeting of ministers of Zhubeile, accusing Daishan of being disrespectful to himself, and the public counciled that Daishan was "at odds with the emperor", and listed four crimes, proposing to remove the name of Dabeile, remove Heshuo Beile, deprive the population of Shiniulu, and fine ten carved saddle horses, ten pairs of armor, and ten taels of silver. But Huang Taiji knew in his heart that this was just a pretext to play and improve the power of sweat, so he only fined the silver vest. Since then, the three major Baylor forces that threaten the Khan's power have been eliminated, Huang Taiji's strength has increased greatly, and the rest of the Baylor are unable to compete with him, so that the Khan's power can be strengthened and consolidated.

In order to unite and win over the Han and Mongolian peoples, strengthen the ruling base, and at the same time, in order to strengthen the military strength to meet the needs of the war against the Ming Dynasty, and also in order to balance the military power of the Manchu Eight Banners and Zhubeile, the Eight Banners organization was expanded to the Han and Mongolian peoples. On the second day of the sixth month of the seventh year of Tiancong (the sixth year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, 1633), Huang Taiji ordered the soldiers in a speech to "do not disturb everything" to the newly attached people. Under the influence of Huang Taiji, the Ming generals Kong Youde, Geng Zhongming, Shang Kexi and others surrendered to Houjin. Huang Taiji led Zhubeile to welcome him to the Hunhe River, and greeted him with a hug to show Youlong. Kong and Geng not only brought more than 12,000 elite officers and soldiers and Hongyi cannons, but also accelerated the collapse of the Ming Dynasty's Liaodong coastal defense. Less than four months later, Shang Kexi, the deputy general of Ming Zhen guarding Guangludao, followed in the footsteps of Kong and Geng, and Huang Taiji praised him for "knowing the turn of the times and turning his back" and "breaking the coastal defense, which is really my merit".

。。。。。。。

。。。。。。。

At this moment, Huang Taiji put his hands behind his back and stared at a huge sand table in front of him, on which was the map of the Central Plains land.

Stand in front of this sand table.

It seems that the whole world is under Huang Taiji.

Look at the sand table.

The territory of the Qing Dynasty is all over the banners of the Qing Dynasty, and outside the Qing Dynasty, the territories of the Ming Dynasty, Mongolian Chahar, and Junggar are all under the gaze of Huang Taiji.

The hall was silent.

But there seems to be a sound on this sand table.

"The Central Plains is the world."

"That day won't be too far away."

"Waiting for Ben Han, Ben Khan will annihilate you one by one, let me have the banner of the Qing Dynasty all over the world, the whole world, all of them should be my Qing territory, the world is big, only the Qing Dynasty." Huang Taiji stared at the sand table, and a monstrous ambition appeared in his eyes.

Then.

From outside the main hall walked in a hunched figure, not daring to stand upright.

"What?"

Huang Taiji didn't reply, and asked majesticly