"Your Majesty, Dongchang Admiral Cao Huachun asks to see !!."

On the second day, on the third day of the day, Chongzhen finally woke up, and just after eating a little breakfast, Wang Chengen whispered a report outside the Palace of Nourishing Hearts.

"Cao Huachun, the commander of Dongchang, this is my confidant, let him wait in the Heart Cultivation Palace." Emperor Chongzhen said lazily.

Looking at Chen Yuanyuan sleeping next to him, the beauty is like jade, the body fragrance is like an orchid, the breath is weak, the lips are slightly open, and the breath is weak, it is estimated that he was tossed enough last night.

The more Emperor Chongzhen looked at it, the more satisfied he became, and he couldn't help but pick up Chen Yuanyuan and beat and kill again, and rampaged on the beauty with a gun.

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Speaking of Dongchang, let's first talk about the four major spy (privileged) agencies of the Ming Dynasty.

I believe that through the spread of film and television dramas, many people have a certain understanding of the factory guards of the Ming Dynasty. So what are the factory guards of the Ming Dynasty? And what are they responsible for? Today, the author will take you to take a good look at the factory and health organization of the Ming Dynasty.

People who don't know much about it may think that when they talk about the Ming Dynasty factory guard, they may think that it refers to the East Factory and Jinyi Guard. But in fact, the Ming Dynasty factory guard mainly includes four institutions: the east factory, the west factory, the inner factory and the Jinyi guard. These four institutions directly served the emperor, were privileged, and were independent of the three legal divisions (the Criminal Department, Dali Temple, and the Metropolitan Procuratorate), and had the right to independently try and punish prisoners, which also constituted the main reason for the excessive power of the factory guards, which was therefore daunting.

Next, the author will introduce the four major institutions one by one.

This first is naturally Jinyiwei:

After Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he set up the "Gongwei Division", which was later renamed the "Pro-Army Governor's Mansion", which was mainly responsible for the emperor's reliance and guard work, which was the predecessor of "Jinyi Guard".

In the fifteenth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang, in order to consolidate the country he had beaten down, began to weave various charges and attack the heroes. To liquidate the minister, there must be someone who can be useful. As a result, Zhu Yuanzhang removed the pro-army Governor's Mansion and the Yiluan Division, and officially established the "Jinyi Guard".

The chief of the Jinyi Guard is the commander, for the three products, under which there are the commander of the same knowledge (from the third product), the commander of the affairs (from the fourth product), the pacification of the envoy (from the fourth product), the thousand households (from the fifth product), the deputy thousand households (from the fifth product), the hundred households (from the sixth product), the trial of the hundred households (from the sixth product), the general flag (from the seventh product), the small flag (from the seventh product) and so on.

After the establishment of the Jinyi Guard, he was mainly responsible for matters such as "driving the guards directly, patrolling and arresting", and directly served the emperor. In just a few years, under the auspices of the emperor, Jinyiwei has developed very rapidly. Not only is the execution of the court staff in charge of the Jinyiwei, but if the emperor wants to liquidate a certain minister, he will also hand it over to the Jinyiwei to solve it by "special" means.

Although it is easy to use, the ministers of the DPRK and China are afraid of it. In addition, Jinyiwei is mostly beaten into tricks, and he relies on his power to commit many lawlessness, which makes Zhu Yuanzhang, who is very suspicious, start to feel uneasy. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the removal of Jinyiwei and handed over all the cases at hand to the Three Law Divisions for handling.

After Zhu Di ascended the throne, he thought that Jinyiwei was very useful, so he restored it. At this time, Jinyiwei had more privileges, not only to arrest the emperor's relatives privately, but also to participate in military intelligence. There are 16 institutes under Jinyiwei, with as many as 60,000 people in the staff, all over the country. In addition, Jinyiwei also directly governs the three departments of the Experience Division, the South and North Town Fu Division.

Each of these three parts has its own role to play. The experience department is in charge of sending and receiving official documents; Nanzhen Fusi is in charge of the criminal law affairs of Benwei, mainly to manage internal personnel; The Beizhen Fusi is responsible for investigation, arrest, interrogation, etc., and is also in charge of the notorious "edict", so the Beizhen Fusi is also the most formidable department.

This second spy (privileged) agency is the East Factory

The establishment of the East Factory is later than Jinyiwei, but the reason for its establishment is related to Jinyiwei.

After Zhu Di restored Jinyiwei, he gradually felt that there were too many rights given to them, and it was not very convenient to summon Jinyiwei when he encountered some urgent matters. So, Zhu Di established the East Factory and began to train some eunuchs with high loyalty.

In the eighteenth year of Yongle, the East Factory was formally established, and its full name was "East Detective Factory". Dongchang was also directly under the jurisdiction of the emperor, and the chiefs were generally appointed by the emperor himself, and they were the emperor's most trusted eunuchs. The full name of the head of the East Factory is "Governor of Qincha and the Eunuch of the East Factory Official School", but everyone is more familiar with his abbreviation as "Factory Gong" or "Governor".

When the East Factory was first established, there were few people, so Zhu Di sent masters from Jinyiwei and asked them to train a group of eunuchs. After these eunuchs are qualified, they can train the next generation of eunuchs by themselves. The affairs and privileges that Dongchang is responsible for are similar to those of Jinyiwei, but Dongchang does not have its own prison, and if a prisoner is caught, it must be handed over to Jinyiwei Beizhen Fusi for disposal.

Although the East Factory was established later than Jinyiwei, the fundamental reason for the establishment was that Zhu Di wanted him to supervise Jinyiwei, so the East Factory has always been above Jinyiwei. When the commander of the Jinyi guard saw the Dongchang factory, he even had to kneel and bow.

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, especially when Liu Jin, Wei Zhongxian and other eunuchs were in power, the appointment of Jinyi Wei commanders and envoys even had to be approved by them. Therefore, the later Jinyiwei also had to attach himself to the East Factory and became his minions.

It is worth mentioning that it is ironic that such an organization as Dongchang has done all the bad things, and its headquarters lobby is actually hanging a portrait of Yue Fei.

This third spy (privileged) agency is the West Factory

The establishment of the West Factory was even later, and after Zhu Jianshen of the Ming Xianzong ascended the throne, he gradually felt very dissatisfied with the work of the East Factory. Once, the Taoist priest Li Zilong sneaked into the palace and almost injured Ming Xianzong, so Ming Xianzong thought that it was not enough to have Dongchang to protect himself.

So, Ming Xianzong asked his cronie eunuch Wang Zhi to select masters from the brocade guards and be responsible for protecting himself. In addition, they were also asked to go to the people to spy on the movements. In order to distinguish it from the East Factory, Ming Xianzong named this team led by Wang Zhi as "West Factory".

Because Wang Zhi is a confidant of Ming Xianzong, and he also works hard to show himself and has made a lot of "contributions", the number of people in the West Factory has gradually surpassed that of the East Factory. In this way, Wang Zhi will be more motivated, as long as there is any disturbance among the people, he will make a big move. Sometimes there are no cases, and he has to try to create a series of cases.

Seeing that Wang Zhi was so capable, Ming Xianzong gave him a greater privilege, that is, he could directly arrest people and interrogate them without reporting. Historical records record that Wang Zhi was at that time:

"The arrogance is scorching, Fan Xichang arrested the courtiers, and he didn't ask for it at first."

As time passed, there were more and more unjust, false and wrongful cases, and the opposition of the ministers to Xichang became louder and louder. Wang Zhi became everyone's public enemy for a while, and in this way, he slowly withdrew from the stage of political struggle.

After Zhu Houzhao ascended the throne of Ming Wuzong, because of his favor to the eunuch Liu Jin, the West Factory was able to reopen. However, with the fall of Liu Jin, the West Factory was officially closed, and it has not been restarted since.

This fourth secret service (privileged) agency is the inner factory

The inner factory is also called the big inner factory, the inner office factory, it is the Ming Dynasty factory guard, the most powerful institution, the east factory, the west factory, the Jinyi Wei combined, are no match for it. Why is this so?

After Zhu Houzhao ascended the throne, he favored Liu Jin, and Liu Jin was the "Eight Tigers" who were deeply trusted by the emperor. At that time, Ma Yongcheng, one of the Eight Tigers, was in charge of the East Factory, Gu Dayong was in charge of the West Factory, and Liu Jin was in charge of the ceremonial supervisor. At first, these people were embarrassed and worked together to bewitch the emperor and consolidate their position. But after a long time, they all wanted to stand above others, so they gradually formed antagonisms.

Among the three, Zhu Houzhao's most trusted is undoubtedly Liu Jin, so at his instigation, Zhu Houzhao established an internal factory. The privileges of the inner factory are greater than those of the East Factory, the West Factory, and the Jinyi Guard, and at the same time, they also have the privilege of monitoring these three institutions, so they are above the three.

Although the inner factory did not exist for a long time, only five years, with the fall of Liu Jin, the inner factory was withdrawn along with the west factory. But in the past five years, Liu Jin has continued to expand his power with the help of the inner factory, done all kinds of bad things, and made the court into a miasma. The abolition of the inner factory and the western factory is undoubtedly a matter of good fortune.

This is the mysterious factory guard organization of the Ming Dynasty, in fact, after understanding, it is not very mysterious. The reason why these four institutions were able to be active was because of the emperor's neglect and excessive indulgence.

Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di, the Jinyi Guards during their reign, because under the control of the two male lords, had no chance to expand their power, so they were not troubled. Masters of Zhongxing like Ming Renzong, Ming Xuanzong, and Ming Xiaozong have excellent governing ability and hard work, so the factory guards during this period did not dare to act arbitrarily.

And emperors like Ming Xianzong, Ming Wuzong, and Ming Xizong, because they were lazy and unwilling to deal with political affairs, let eunuchs like Wang Zhi, Liu Jin, and Wei Zhongxian take advantage of the loopholes.

In the Chongzhen period, Wei Zhongxian's power leaned towards the opposition, and Jinyiwei could only be attached to him. With the fall of Wei Zhongxian, Dongchang gradually withdrew from the stage of history. In addition, Emperor Chongzhen's confidant eunuch Wang Chengen was a loyal and upright person, and he finally followed Emperor Chongzhen and died by hanging. The factory guard, which occupied an important position in the Ming Dynasty, was annihilated in the long river of history with the demise of this dynasty.

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said that Cao Huachun, the commander of the East Factory, was also an extremely powerful eunuch in history.

Cao Huachun's family was humble when he was young, and he was influenced by the atmosphere of "close to the monarch and raising relatives", and entered the palace at the age of twelve or thirteen. Because of his talent, diligence and studiousness, he received a good education in the palace, and was proficient in poetry, calligraphy and painting, and was deeply appreciated by the eunuch Wang An, who relied on him as a cronie. Later, the king of Xinxin accompanied and served the five emperors, Sun Zhu Youzhen. In the early years of the Apocalypse, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian was favored and killed, Wang An was killed, and Cao Huachun was implicated and expelled from Beijing, and sent to stay in Nanjing, the capital of the country. In 1627, Zhu Youzhen succeeded to the throne of the emperor, and the following year changed to Yuan Chongzhen, Cao Huachun was immediately recalled and entrusted with the important task of redressing the unjust case. Because of his ability to do things, he won the trust and reliance of Emperor Chongzhen. In the fourth year of Chongzhen, Cao Huachun's status in the palace has been quite prominent. In the summer of that year, Cao Huachun presided over the construction of the Xuandi Palace and the Guanyin Pavilion in his hometown Wang Qingtuo, and wrote the inscription himself.

In the eleventh year of Chongzhen, Cao Huachun, who served as the eunuch of Sili Bingbi, the governor of Dongchang, and the governor of Jingying Rongzheng, begged for leave due to illness, and connected three times to Emperor Chongzhen.

In February of the twelfth year of Chongzhen, Cao Huachun was allowed to take leave and return to his hometown.

Cao Huachun has five siblings, the third brother Huafu, the fourth brother Huaqin died early, and Cao Huachun has the closest relationship with the second brother Houjun Dudu Huayu, who was an official in the same dynasty. On June 6, the sixteenth year of Chongzhen, Cao Huayu died of illness, due to the old age of his eldest brother Huachun, the funeral and the erection of the monument and the building of the pavilion in the spring of the next year were all attended by Cao Huachun in person.

In March, Cao Huachun was not in Beijing, and he had been living in the countryside for six years.

In May, the Qing army entered Beijing, mourned for three days after Emperor Chongzhen, and posthumously presented the temple name Huaizong. In October, Shunzhi moved to Beijing, and Cao Huachun went to the capital to go to Shu, please properly handle the mausoleum of Emperor Huaizong. With En's permission, the internal official of the commission, the superintendent of Prime Minister Ran Zhao, was involved.

At this time, Yang Bo of Shuntianfu, Yang Shimao of Wanping and others respectively went up to Cao Huachun to tell Cao Huachun "Open the door to welcome the thief, the thief enters the city, stands up to serve, and now the Qing Dynasty enters the capital, and the servant is restored. ”

Cao Huachun argued falsely and argued very strongly. "Cao Huachun is unprovoked, his heart is clear, there is no need to dissect Chen, the ministry knows." ” [

Cao Huachun was friendly with Donglin and loyal, and had no other evil deeds, but he was also slandered by the literati and was wronged by the "Kaicheng arsonist". "Six years of the family, they were slandered, and they believed that the past was not true." He finally realized the shamelessness of the literati and the helplessness of Wei Zhongxian, who was rejected by him.

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