According to Zeng Hua's restructuring draft, he came up with the principle of separation of powers in another world. It's just that people at that time didn't realize this, but just thought that this was just Zeng Hua's imperial technique of dividing power and checking and balancing. Delegate power to different departments, and then check and balance each other, so as to help him deal with state affairs to the greatest extent and avoid a monopoly on power.

Zeng Hua gave the administrative power to Shangshu Province, and the legislative supervision power to Zhongshu Province and Menxia Province respectively. And the third power of the separation of powers, the judicial power, Zeng Hua handed it over to Dali Temple. Dali Temple is equivalent to the Supreme Court of Beifu, one is in charge of judicial proceedings, trial of criminal judgments, and the world decides cases. All cases adjudicated in various places, convicted to the point of death and death, are examined and approved by the Dali Temple, and the Dali Temple also has the right to review any case that it feels is problematic or appealed by the General Procuratorate Office, the Ministry of Justice, and the Metropolitan Procuratorate, and its trial rulings have the highest legal effect.

The second is to have the supreme ruling power of the law. The local government at all levels has divisions, and once there are other divisions or nobles and ordinary people who complain that their actions are illegal, they will first go to the local judicial department to hear the judgment. Once the local judicial department believes that the act of the competent department is illegal, not only will the act be invalid, but the chief official and the corresponding official will be prosecuted and held accountable by the prosecutor's office at that level. The Shangshu Province, the Zhongshu Province, the Menxia Province and their subordinate institutions have divisions, which are directly tried by the Dali Temple, and once the law is ruled to be illegal, the end is similar to that of the local division, and even the state affairs of Pingzhang and the governor's affairs cannot escape the results of being investigated.

Dali Temple is composed of seven Dali Temple Zhengqing and 18 Dali Temple Shaoqing, and 18 Shaoqing are divided into criminal Shaoqing and judgement Shaoqing. He is in charge of criminal and civil matters. Zhengqing and Shaoqing were nominated by Pingzhang State Affairs, passed by the Zhongshu Province, and the Menxia Province did not have the right to veto it, and was finally appointed by Zeng Hua for a lifetime term.

Pingzhang State Affairs cannot arbitrarily appoint and dismiss the Zhengqing and Shaoqing of Dali Temple, and all he has is the right to nominate him. Pingzhang State Affairs only has the opportunity to nominate when Zhengqing and Shaoqing are vacant, otherwise all the Zhengqing and Shaoqing of Dali Temple can only stare dryly if they disagree with him.

Due to the high authority of the Zhengqing and Shaoqing of Dali Temple, in addition to the complicated appointment. Dismissals and vacancies are also very complex. Because Zeng Hua hopes that these judges can avoid outside interference. Ensuring maximum independence of the judiciary. There are only two ways for Zhengqing and Shaoqing to leave their posts in Dali Temple. First, Zhengqing and Shaoqing are at least 60 years old. or have served for 30 years and must resign.

Zhengqing and Shaoqing, who resigned this kind of resignation, will be retained in their original positions and enjoy extremely high courtesy. Of course, Zhengqing and Shaoqing are not exempted from resigning halfway, but this type of resignation, whether due to physical reasons or other "pressure", will not enjoy the treatment of the former type of resignation.

The second is that Zhengqing and Shaoqing's trial and judgment are unfair. If there is a suspicion of illegal dereliction of duty, or mediocrity and uselessness, dereliction of duty and inaction, the Provincial Legal Department of Shangshu Xing and the Provincial Procuratorate of Zhongshu Xing have the right of impeachment, and once the impeachment case is filed in Zhongshu Xing Province, it must be approved by more than two-thirds of the court councils. And the province did not exercise the veto power of refusal, so Zeng Hua would have removed the impeached Dali Temple Zhengqing and Shaoqing according to the impeachment resolution.

Dali Temple has branches in various places. There are three levels of adjudication offices at the state, county, and county levels. It is for the legal department, and the power of law adjudication. There are 16 state judges in the state magistrate's office and 14 or more county magistrates in the county magistrate's office. The county magistrate office has more than 12 county judges, the state judges and county judges are appointed by the Dali Temple Zhengqing and Shaoqing peace council, and the county judges are appointed by the state judges. All judges, like prosecutors, must be graduates of law school and be proficient in the law.

It can be seen that Dali Temple and its subordinate departments at all levels have extremely heavy functions and powers, and can effectively supervise local governments at all levels. Therefore, in addition to the fear of being haunted and not "micro-suiting" to visit the imperial history of the local procuratorate, the rest are the judges of the judicial departments at all levels. Many people in Beifu who like to read newspapers and periodicals and have "knowledge" like to go to the judicial office when they encounter the government's failure or injustice, and they can sue the government with a piece of litigation paper. The judge is very different from the administrative officials of the local government, and it is not a "system" from entering the school to becoming an official, and there is no friendship. Moreover, judges can only serve for three to five years in each place, after which they will be transferred to other places. In addition, the expenses and other appropriations of the legal department are directly allocated by the household department, and then distributed at the internal level, which is not too related to the local government. Therefore, the judges of the judicial department do not have such a good relationship to talk about when they decide the case, and once they are judged to have violated the law, not only will the previous administrative handling be invalid, but they will also have to be punished, which is not easier than being impeached by the imperial history.

Next is the very critical military establishment.

According to the draft, Zeng Hua led the leadership of the supreme army in Beifu with the rank of general, and set up a privy council below, which can be regarded as the highest body of military affairs for the prime minister of Beifu. The chief officer is the "Tongzhi Military" on the third grade, and Xie Ai is the one who serves as the officer.

One thing that needs to be mentioned here is that after Xie Ai returned to Beifu, in addition to governing the army, he was very keen on learning the "Zeng Art of War". He was originally a "knowing soldier", but in Chang'an, he regarded himself as a student, not only went to Chang'an Military Academy to audit, but also humbly asked Zeng Hua and the generals who had followed him for many years. In the past few years, Xie Ai actually wrote the "Zeng's Art of War" very systematically into several books, and on this basis, gave full play, improved and supplemented, and actually wrote 300 articles of "Military Strategy", which became one of the classic textbooks of the Chang'an Military Academy. Originally, Xie Ai was very willing to be a local teacher at the Chang'an Army Military Academy after stepping down from Liangzhou, but how could Zeng Hua let him go and directly appointed him as the Privy Council.

The deputy military position of Tongzhi is the Privy Council of Tongzhi, and there are two of them, namely Gan and Liu Gu. As in the Shangshu Province, the orders of the Tongzhi Military are invalid without the countersignature of a Tongzhi Yuan.

The powers of the Privy Council are very large. First of all, its greatest power is that it is the only one that has the right to transfer troops and command. In the event of war, only the Privy Council could accept the authorization of General Zeng Hua to dispatch the army and navy from all over Beifu, form a wartime army system, issue operational objectives, issue combat orders, and notify the army and naval headquarters of Shangshuhang Province to immediately carry out the mobilization order, etc. Judging from many functions, Zeng Hua set it up according to the "otherworldly" General Staff.

The Privy Council consists of two departments and five divisions. It is equivalent to the provincial and local departments of Shangshuxing.

The Military Aircraft Staff Office is responsible for collating military intelligence in peacetime, analyzing and deducing it on the basis of it, and giving reports on the current situation. And organize each on a regular basis

Conduct joint exercises with government soldiers and test officers and generals at all levels. It has a special function and authority, that is, it is responsible for the management of the army and navy military academies in Beifu and the organization of the annual officer graduation examination, and has the power to give priority to the selection of outstanding graduates. In wartime, the Military Aircraft Staff Office automatically becomes the operational command center. Responsible for the overall operational command. Issuance of strategic orders. The chief officer is a military aircraft capital. It is led by Xie Ai, and there are more than 10 military aircraft directors, who are divided into various sections, each section corresponds to a different region, and there are dozens of staff officers.

The Military Judge Advocate General's Office is the internal judicial and judicial body of the Beifu Army, which is responsible for adjudicating violations of law and discipline within the Beifu Army, and sentencing and punishment. The Judge Advocate General's Office has established military courts in the various military departments on a battalion basis. Resident military judges. There are 10 judges in charge of the affairs of the office.

The Department of Military Administration, which is an "old body", is responsible for appointing and managing the clerks of the army and navy of the northern province. The clerk is mainly responsible for the "ideological work" of the officers and men of the army, and follows the "military honor standard" unique to the Beifu army.

Based on the three laws of "courage, responsibility and honor", the Beifu military honor code is perfected and subdivided into the professional ethics code of Beifu soldiers, and strictly implemented in daily work and life, so as to cultivate the unique temperament of Beifu soldiers. The clerk is responsible for instilling this idea in the officers and men of the Beifu Army. It is the implementation of this code of honor, the clerk system, and the great importance that Beifu attaches to military merits that will make the officers and men of the Beifu Army full of a sense of honor. Become a person who was sighed by Huan Wen as "only about morale." He is already the world's leading teacher.

In addition to this duty, the clerk is also responsible for supervising the discipline of the military law, and the picketer (former military judge) is his deputy. It is under the command of the Military and Political Division. Picketers are responsible for maintaining discipline in their units. In normal times, it has the right to deal with disciplinary violations and prosecute illegal incidents. In wartime, together with the clerk, they exercised the temporary right to deal with violations of discipline and law, and after the war, the military court made a formal ruling.

The Military Orders Division is responsible for the transmission of all orders of the Privy Council, while the Commanding Officers of the garrisons it sends are responsible for ensuring the correct and smooth execution of military orders. That is, he is responsible for conveying orders to the military commander of his unit up and down, and supervising the correctness of the order. According to Zeng Hua's correction of the Beifu military system, the military commander has the right to dismiss orders that he believes are incorrect, but the consequences are extremely serious, and once they are later found to be erroneous by the military court or the higher level, they must bear the responsibility of military law. However, if the military commander insists that his order is correct, he may consult with the clerk, flag officer, and other officers to suspend the military commander from his official and local duties, and the flag officer will temporarily take over the position.

The Department of Military Affairs is responsible for the procurement, quality inspection and supervision of equipment for all units and arms. The production of all ordnance and weapons in the army and navy of Beifu is in the hands of the War Department and the Navy Department, but the division of military affairs is responsible for the preparation and decision of the military affairs department on what weapons to use and how to deploy them for each sub-unit and branch of the army. Together with the military chiefs and military affairs officers of the sub-units, it will conduct bidding and procurement of equipment in the ordnance and ordnance factories under the two military departments, and will carry out "quality supervision" such as installation and maintenance in the future.

The Military Training Department is responsible for the daily training of each unit and the examination of the training results of each unit.

The Military Intelligence Division, which was responsible for the collection of military intelligence, took over the former powers of the Horse Scouting Division, while the Reconnaissance Division was placed under the management of the War Department. The Military Intelligence Department is also responsible for surveying and mapping the terrain of various places, drawing maps and providing them for combat use by all units. As well as conducting surveys on astronomy, water conservancy, folk customs and other folk customs in various places, collecting and sorting them out and providing them to all units for use.

The chief officer of each military department is one chief officer, and the deputy post is two deputy capital officers.

According to the draft, the departments under the Privy Council are not allowed to have branches other than the Judge Advocate General's Office, especially the Military Aircraft Staff Office, which is the operational command center. The Judge Advocate General's Office, on the other hand, is divided into separate bodies in the form of military tribunals at all levels, but this kind of organization is not the official establishment of the troops, but only handles affairs in the form of itinerant temporary stationing.

The remaining five divisions exercise their functions and powers only in the form of sending officers from each division to all levels of troops. The officers stationed in each division must be formally appointed by the War Department and the Navy Department to become subordinate officers to the military chief officer of the unit, and their examinations are carried out by the military chief officer at the next higher level and the subordinate officer of the department, and are transferred to the military departments of the Privy Council, and then the military departments are transferred and promoted through the army and navy.

The "central" organs of the northern prefecture were basically determined, and then the local military and political organs were configured.

In accordance with the draft. The local government is divided into three levels: prefecture, county, and county.

In terms of administration, the state has a history of assassination, according to the size of the state and the number of people under its jurisdiction, who is equal to the military division and the local servant and the undertaker. According to the model of the provincial branch of Shangshuxing, the Prefecture Assassin Shifu is divided into Cao Zhishi, with a total of nine Cao, namely, officials, households, rites, industry, commerce, agriculture, governance, civil affairs, and law, among which the first eight Cao and Shangshu Xing Province correspond to the functions and powers of each department, while Fa Cao is much smaller, in addition to managing patrol police and prison prisoners, it is also mainly responsible for carrying out "legal propaganda" to the people. The chief officials of Cao are long histories. and the deputy of the assassin - two other drivers together to form the adjutant of the state assassin history.

The county has a county keeper. The official ranks are divided into five grades, upper and lower. It is comparable to the history of the governor of Cao. There are also nine cao corresponding to the administration, but their authority is much smaller. The chief officer of the county is a canonical history, and the two adjutants who are also county guards in the matter, and the left and right are the deputy positions of the county guard.

The county has a county order, and the official rank is divided into seven grades, which is equivalent to the county Cao's affairs. The deputy position is a county officer, and the governor Cao is also divided into nine Cao. The chief officer is the chief officer.

There is also the post of township chief under the county, but he is only an official sent by the county government, one level lower than the lord Bo, who is responsible for passing down the official documents and decrees of the county government to collect public sentiment and convey public opinion.

Below the township is the chief or the chief of the first place, which is equivalent to the head of the village in the "other world", and is elected by the people. Responsible for cooperating with the implementation of government decrees, collecting taxes, counting household registration, allocating land, recruiting soldiers, etc. There is no real power, but the position is important. Generally, they are appointed by retired sergeants of the government soldiers or the box army.

At the local level, the governors, county guards, and county commanders were responsible for the general administrative affairs of each locality, and in addition, there were also teachers, school inspectors, and school officials at all levels who were responsible for the education of the Beifu locality.

In terms of the defense of the local army. The draft has undergone significant changes.

The Beifu Army is still a sub-army, a government soldier and a militia. The Xiang Army is defined as a strategic mobile army, and in Zeng Hua's heart, it is the main force of the field in the "other world", and it adopts a recruitment system, with a service time of 20 years, which is selected from the government soldiers after two years of service, and the elimination system is adopted every year, which can be regarded as the most elite and professional at that time

Person.

The government soldiers are roughly equivalent to the "otherworldly" local troops, and they are subject to a compulsory military system and serve for twenty years.

The militia is well understood, and it is the foundation of national defense for the integration of soldiers and the people.

According to the school system, boys in Beifu must learn archery and horseback riding according to the six arts from the age of five to enter junior high school. Moreover, the industry of Beifu is developed, and the Beifu longbow has become a necessary weapon for every man, of course, five-year-old boys can only use a special soft bow, and only after reaching the age of teens, can they use a standard longbow with long arms and a certain strength.

On the other hand, because Beifu had mastered a large number of horse-producing areas, and because Zeng Huadi used economic means to connect and control local ideas, Beifu had developed commerce and trade, and the horses that could be bought in various parts of the Central Plains were cheaper and more than cattle. In addition, the invention and improvement of harness tools such as pull and wall tillage in Beifu Factory promoted the development of horse farming, so that most of the rice farming areas in Beifu except for Yizhou and other rice farming areas used horse farming technology.

With these two foundations, the foundation of men's riding and archery in Beifu is very solid, so its military resources are also very good and sufficient. From the age of sixteen, normal men in Beifu must bring their own simple armor, swords, and bows to join the county militia and receive formal military training until they reach the age of fifty.

Two years later, the militia was recruited on a merit-based basis. The government soldiers must also prepare their own armor, swords and bows, and they should be more high-end, but when they buy weapons as government soldiers, not only can the quality be guaranteed, but also get great price concessions.

In the case of military service, the soldiers in peacetime were not paid, but the consumable weapons such as grain, grass, and arrows were supplied by the government. At this time, the government soldiers generally participated in the military cantonment, and in addition to handing over the grain obtained from the tuntian as military rations, a considerable part of it was converted into money and distributed to the government soldiers as subsidies. Moreover, the land allocated by each government soldier is not withdrawn or exempted from taxes, and can be transferred to relatives for farming, while Yongye Tian is exempt from taxes, so the preferential treatment of being a government soldier is very generous.

And once the war starts, in addition to the previous discounts, the soldiers participating in the war can also get war subsidies, and have a certain amount of money and food every month. The most important thing is that after the victory, there is not only the distribution of war profits, but also the military merits, that is, according to the military merits, more permanent land, and even awards to become a nobleman.

The treatment of the Xiang army is more generous, Futian and Yongyetian are treated like government soldiers, there is a monthly salary, all the armor and bows are provided by the government, and each sergeant is also assigned to two auxiliary sergeants and two war horses recruited from the government soldiers and militia. After they have completed their service, they do not have to worry about any military merits, and they can directly participate in local political discussions or become local military officials.

To put it bluntly, Beifu is raising such a group of professional soldiers, who are entertained with good food and drink, in order to let them concentrate on the glorious and great cause of war.

Any soldier of Beifu also knows very well that as long as Beifu fights, financial resources will roll in, and they will all participate in the war enthusiastically, but the burden on the government will be heavy.

There are a total of 37 chambers and more than 120,000 troops in Beifu, and nearly 250,000 auxiliary sergeants, who are stationed in various dangerous and important towns in Beifu. According to the draft, there were 15 prefectures in Pyongyang, Jicheng, Shuofang, Jinyang, Langshan, Cheng, Guanggu, Xuchang, Nanzheng, Chengdu, Jiuquan, Xining, Pibo, Shule, and Yining, which respectively commanded the more than 300,000 troops.

The full name of the Governor's Mansion is the Governor's Mansion of a certain place, such as the Governor's Mansion of Pyongyang, with one Governor, two deputy positions are Records Sima, and some of the Records are considered subordinate officials. The garrison governor was only responsible for the daily training and management of the troops under his command, and led them to participate in military exercises, but he did not have the right to dispatch them. Moreover, the number of troops under its jurisdiction varies, because the Privy Council may at any time transfer out or in the box according to the military situation or the local situation. Moreover, according to the military system of the Northern Prefecture, the garrison army will be rotated in batches, and the garrison governor will also be transferred to another place after a five-year term.

The government soldiers are also stationed in various places and military cantonments, and they are directly under the jurisdiction of the governor of the state, the highest military governor of the state.

The full name of the governor of the state is the chief officer of the governor's state capital and militia battalions, and there are two reporters under him, and several of them have joined the army. The governor is not only responsible for the day-to-day management and training of the state's soldiers, but also for the day-to-day training and management of the militia of the counties and counties under his jurisdiction.

The county has a county garrison, and there are several subordinate servants who join the army, but they are only responsible for the militia training and daily management of the counties under their jurisdiction, and they no longer have the power to manage the government soldiers.

The county has a county lieutenant and a number of subordinates who have joined the army, but they are only responsible for the management and training of the county's militia.

Because Yongzhou is the hinterland of the foundation of Beifu, although there are tens of thousands of Xiang troops stationed in this state, there is no garrison governor, but only the governor of the guard army is divided into these Xiang troops, and these tens of thousands of Xiang troops are on duty in phases, as long as they are transferred to Yongzhou, they will be called the escort army. The left and right governors of the guards were in charge of the defense of Chang'an and Jingzhao. The guard army was still the same as before, with only 15,000 people, but it was selected from hundreds of thousands of troops.

However, it was the Su Guards who were responsible for the security of the cardinal places such as Chang'an Zengfu and Santai, and they only had an establishment of 3,000 people, all of whom were selected from the children of nobles, civil and military officials, and families.

The commanders below the garrison governor and the admiral were all directly appointed and transferred by the Ministry of War, but except for the three governors of the Guards, the Guards, and the Suwei Army, and the Admiral of Yongzhou, they were all directly appointed by Zeng Hua. Later, the governor of Sizhou with Luoyang as the center was added, and the scope of the escort army was also expanded to Sizhou.

The Beifu Navy is divided into three coastal escort fleets in the East China Sea: the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd fleets, the 11th, 12th, and 13th coastal transport fleets in the East China Sea, as well as the First Fleet in the far seas and the Yellow River Patrol Fleet, which are currently under construction. The commander of the fleet is the admiral, and the subordinate detachment is the commander, and then the captain. All naval officers are appointed by the Admiralty on transfer.

Moreover, according to the draft, the military rank system was officially implemented in the Beifu Army, which was divided into the general of the town army, the general of the Fu army, the left general of the protection army, the right general of the protection army, the general Guo Yi Zhonglang, the deputy general, and the staff general; Colonel Zhaowu, Zhaowu Left Captain, Zhaowu Right Captain, Zhaowu Deputy Captain, Zhaowu Ping Captain; Captain Xuanwu, Captain Xuanwu Left, Captain Xuanwu Right, Deputy Captain Xuanwu, Captain Xuanwu Ping; The first-class Snap Warrior Officer, the second-class Snap Warrior Officer, the third-class Snap Warrior Officer, the fourth-class Snap Warrior Officer, and the fifth-class Snap Warrior Officer are twenty-two ranks, and the following generals are awarded by the War Department and the Navy Department respectively. The above generals were awarded by Zeng Hua himself.

After several days of deliberation, the draft restructuring was finally deliberated and passed, and finally announced by Zeng Hua that it would come into force immediately.