It is a small thatched house, less than two steps wide and more than three steps long, which occupies most of the space, and a few simple pieces of miscellaneous wood furniture fill the rest of the place. The roof is thick thatch, and the windows are covered with paper. Repeated rays of sunlight shine through the half-opened windows, reflecting bright patches the size of bowls on the walls. The walls were only painted with lime mortar, and there were still traces of brushes on the snow-white walls. Occasionally, I see black and yellow spots in the corners, which are the true colors of the earthen walls that are missing.

Zhou Fu lay on the kang with his hands crossed behind his head and the quilt only on his chest. The quilt must have been sunburned, soft and full of the smell of the sun. Although the room was very simple, Zhou Fu felt very comfortable. The gold nest and silver nest are not as good as their own kennels. It's a good feeling to be home. Lying there, indescribably comfortable, Zhou Fu had been awake for a long time, but he was lazy and unwilling to get up.

Staring at the light spots, Zhou Fu's eyes were blurred and thoughtful.

What kind of woman will you marry?

In the early morning of this lunar month, the young man's mind was tightly grasped by this thought.

Everyone's ladies, small jasper, rich daughters, tofu Shih Tzu...... The women I have seen have come one after another, and they are like a marquee in Zhou Fu's mind, and I will appear when you sing. Thinking of the proud, Zhou Fu is full of spring breeze; When I think of loss, I can't help but look gloomy.

While he was thinking about it for a long time, suddenly a low woman's cry came from outside. The woman was obviously greatly wronged, and she was willing to suppress it, but she couldn't control it. Zhou Fu frowned, but there was no squeak. Sun Da next door heard that he died of illness two months ago, so the Sun family's sister-in-law must have encountered something unsatisfactory. However, he was not able to talk about it. After all, he is a seventeen or eighteen young man, and he still needs to pay attention to the melon field and plum.

"Sun, what's wrong? But if there is anything difficult in life, what is lacking, let me know, they are all living in the neighborhood, you are not polite......"

The voice was not high, very kind and kind, Zhou Fu couldn't help but smile, it was Zhou's mother's familiar voice.

"Aunt Zhou...... There's nothing missing, it's just ......"

Sister-in-law Sun's voice was muffled, and she gradually couldn't hear it clearly.

……

"Mother, I'll ...... it myself"

Before Zhou Fu could make a move, Zhou's mother had already put the mixed rice porridge ready, Zhou Fu took the bowl with both hands, turned around and put it on the table.

When encountering such a thing, Zhou Fu couldn't lie down. I got up and chopped some firewood, and it was time for breakfast. After not being active for a long time, Zhou Fu chopped down these two bundles of firewood, and his body was sweating. Zhou's mother took pity on her son, and quickly prepared breakfast before greeting her son.

……

"What's wrong with Sun? If you're short on money, you can give her some money, don't be stingy and make people laugh at ......"

After eating a few mouthfuls of porridge, Zhou's father asked why Sun was crying.

"......, it's nothing!"

Mother Zhou glanced at her son and replied in a low voice.

"Why, it costs a lot of money......"

Zhou's father hesitated, Zhou Fu didn't have to pay tuition fees in the Law Garden, and there was also a subsidy for room and board, so if you saved a little. None of this costs anything. However, the travel expenses that come and go, the interactions between classmates, and the clothes that come and go every year...... Miscellaneous calculations also cost a lot of money. Besides, I have to prepare a dowry for my son. If it weren't for the high or low, the son would have been married a long time ago. Now, his son is about to graduate, and he will become an official soon, so why should he tell him about his family.

However, all this money can be saved, and Zhou's father gritted his teeth:

"If it doesn't work, let's save a little bit for the New Year, and then take the Fu'er's travel expenses - I'll make it up later!"

At the beginning, the two elders of the Sun family helped us a lot, but now, in the situation of the Sun family, how can we not stand idly by......"

"It's not about money......"

Mother Zhou shook her head.

"Oh, what's that...... You're talking! ”

Zhou's father is an anxious son, and when he saw Zhou's mother like this, his voice couldn't help but get louder.

"Actually, Sun's ......"

Zhou Fu looked at his mother with blank eyes, Zhou's mother couldn't hide it, and gave her husband a blank look, and then she told the story. After listening to the reason, Father Zhou also hesitated.

Speaking of which, it's really not about money...... Well, that's not right.

It turned out that the Sun family was a big family in Xi'an County. Sun Da's branch is nothing, but Sun Da is an only son and has a solid family. Although Sun Da's illness did not cost less, the emaciated Luo Ostrich was bigger than the horse. After Sun Da died, in addition to Sun's mother and son, he also left more than five hectares of fertile land. Since Zhang Qingzhou divided the land, the land price has fallen a lot, but this is still a lot of property. There are people in the Sun family who have crooked thoughts.

First, some people said that they wanted to help the Sun family farm the land, and later, some people simply said that the Sun family was young and was afraid that she would not be able to keep it, so they wanted to help Sun Da's two sons keep the family business or something -- this was clearly to seek to seize the family property. The Sun family is a woman's family, and she can't speak at all in the clan, and there is no one in her mother's family. As soon as the old man in the clan said it, the Sun family was left to cry.

"No! That's too much of a bully! I'll go and tell my sister-in-law to go to the county to sue them! ”

Zhou Fu listened to the anger, drank the porridge in two sips, and was about to get up - this is not a matter of holding a handle in his hand yet.

"Sit down! Honest with your ......"

Father Zhou thought more, and he glared at his son fiercely. Seeing this, Zhou Fu's legs immediately weakened, and he sat down again, sat down and sat down, his face turned red, and he was very unconvinced.

"Sigh-"

Father Zhou didn't speak, slowly finished the porridge, and put the bowl down. Sitting there, he didn't speak for a long time.

The Zhou family is not a native of Xi'an County, and fled to Qingzhou in the early years, and Zhou's father still has a few savings, so he bought dozens of acres of land in Xi'an County and settled down. When I first came, the second elder of the Sun family was still there, and I didn't help a lot. Zhou's father also accepted their affection.

But

The county is an outsider, and there is no foundation. The Zhou family is not prosperous, don't worry? The county is an outsider, and there is no foundation. The Zhou family is not prosperous, don't worry? The county is an outsider, and there is no foundation. The Zhou family is not prosperous, don't worry? The county is an outsider, and there is no foundation. The Zhou family is not prosperous, don't worry? The county is an outsider, and there is no foundation. The Zhou family is not prosperous, don't worry? The county is an outsider, and there is no foundation. The Zhou family is not prosperous, don't worry? I don't have much money. The Sun family is a big surname in Xi'an County, and they have been born and raised for hundreds of years. In this kind of thing, it must have been sorted out early. I just want to help, but the Zhou family can't help.

If there is anything that the Zhou family can help, it is Zhou Fu.

Zhou Fu is very promising, and when he studied in the county school, he was always among the best. The year before last, Zhou Fu listened to Mr. Wang's words and was admitted to the Law Garden to study the laws of the Han Dynasty. After more than two years, not to mention the others, it is easy to help write a complaint and support a lawsuit.

Come to think of it, Sun also had this idea.

Zhou has been studying for almost three years, and he has the opportunity to show his skills, and he can't help but be eager to try.

However, the stakes are high. Not to mention the power of the Sun family, it is a violation of the law to take over a lawsuit. My son will graduate in two years in the Law Garden, one year of study, one year of internship, and then one or two years of scrivener or something after graduation. If someone catches the handle because of this, it's all over! This is related to the future of his son's life, and Zhou's father can't help but hesitate.

Confucianism has always believed that in the era of ancient sage kings, people were morally noble and humble to each other, and there was no lawsuit. Later, people's morals became corrupt, and this led to lawsuits. Litigation is not only dishonorable for the parties, but also for the magistrates - it seems that the lack of virtue of the officials has led to the corruption of the people. As a result, officials have always settled litigation.

Zhang Han separated the judiciary from the magistrates and founded the Law Garden, which was considered by the people of the time to be an apostasy. However, it is true that the officials are not very familiar with the laws and regulations, and there are often erroneous judgments. Zhang Han cultivated officials again, so he reluctantly said it. Lawyers, on the other hand, are familiar with the law and often make irresponsible remarks about officials' judgments, which limits the power of officials and is particularly disgusting to them. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Deng Xi, China's earliest "lawyer", was killed as a despicable and hateful villain.

After thinking about it again and again, Father Zhou made up his mind:

"After dinner, let's go visit Mr. Wang! Mr. Wang treats you like a mountain, you can't forget ......"

"Yes, Father!"

Speaking of Mr. Wang, Zhou Fu didn't say anything, he must go to see him every time he comes back. However, he is still a little unwilling:

"That's where the sister-in-law ......"

"Sister-in-law Sun, don't intervene, your mother and I will find a way......"

Zhou's father interrupted Zhou Fu's words - perhaps, he should ask his son to play with Lin's classmates for a while.

……

Sun is like a man who has fallen into the water, and he finally grasps a life-saving straw and is willing to let go. That night, just before and after Zhou Fu came back, Sun stepped on Zhou Fu's footprints and entered Zhou's house. After entering the house, Sun didn't say a word, and fell to his knees with a "plop...... Zhou's father's delaying policy was declared bankrupt.

But it's not emotional, Zhou's father and Sun's three chapters of the law: Zhou Fu can only help write the form and come up with ideas, but he can't appear in public; Sun must keep it strictly confidential, and he can't tell anyone; Zhou Fu wrote the form, and Sun asked people to copy another copy and throw it to the government, which had to be taken back and destroyed.

Sun also knew how powerful it was, and he was full of promises.

……

The professionals are really different, and Zhou Fu devotes himself to it with great enthusiasm. The pleadings are written in a clear manner, with laws and decrees in every sentence, and they explain in detail to Sun the stakes, which one corresponds to which. As soon as the form was handed over, the chief official who received the money immediately sent back the gift from the Sun family - the form was written by an insider, and it was a trick behind the scenes by someone who understood.

To put it bluntly, when officials hear cases, they have to open them to the public in front of the court in the lobby, and they don't dare to cover the sky with one hand. Moreover, Xi'an County is close to Lin, which is where Zhang Han's old nest is located. The Zhang clan lived in Donglai, and from time to time high-ranking officials and dignitaries passed through Xi'an County. The Sun family doesn't have to run far, shouting grievances on the galloping road, and he may meet an adult. If things get bigger, the gains outweigh the losses, and the officials don't want to take such a big risk for a little money.

……

However, there is no such thing as an impermeable wall. The Zhou family and the Sun family live in the neighborhood, which is eye-catching. After a little verification, the Sun family determined the goal. The Sun family is a local hero, when has he ever suffered such a loss. A poor family from other places dared to break ground on Tai Sui's head. The Sun family refuses to give up,

As a result, the lawsuit was won. Sun was grateful, and generously gave Zhou Fu a gift. Within two days of Zhou Fu's pride, the Sun family sent a complaint to him, and Zhou Fu was arrested and imprisoned.

……

The Zhou family has no foundation, no wealth, and no power. But Zhou Fu is a student of the Law Garden--the Law Garden, where Zhong, Shen Pei and Cen Lan all serve as teachers to teach, and most of the students in the Law Garden are from low-income families, but when they graduate, they are 'judges'. Zhou came back to this kind of thing, and many students felt the same way, and immediately became active, contacting classmates and teachers. So, it alarmed Zhong, Xian Pei and Cen Lan.

……

As far as the judiciary is concerned, Zhong, Xianpei and Cen Lan are the three giants of the judicial system. Supposedly, such a case can be handled by any person on his own. Unfortunately, all three were found at the same time.

The three disagreed on the handling of the case. At first, the three were just different in their judicial philosophies. Gradually, it developed into a battle of wills.

Trial and Cen Lan single-handedly created the entire judicial system and belong to the powerful faction. Originally, the two were competitors to each other. And Zhong came to the top and became the supreme judicial officer-Tingwei. Coupled with other reasons, the relationship between the three of them is certainly not good.

――――――――――――――――――――――――――

On that day, Zhang Han suddenly talked about "rewarding reports and strengthening supervision".

to the unanimous opposition. Although Zhang Han has a good attitude, but the three of them are inevitable? Cen Lan talked about the leniency of "New Han Law", but he didn't feel absent-minded, and after talking for a while, several people felt bored. Zhong turned to the case of Zhou Fu Litigator.

Zhong briefly explained the facts of the case, Zhang Han asked for opinions, and the three of them had their own opinions, and soon argued.

The trial means that Zhou Fu's crime of violating the law is unforgivable and should be punished severely and expelled from school. Zhong categorically objected, he believed: Zhou Fu did make a mistake, but his original intention was good, and the starting point was to act bravely and bravely, and he had no intention of profiting from it (Trial: "That's not necessarily!"). It should be punished before and after, and the disease should be cured and saved people. Cen Lan's view is inclined to Zhong, he thinks: In any case, Zhou Fu is a student of the Law Garden - he is his own student, and the principles of heaven are nothing more than human affection, so he should be given another chance. Of course, Cen Lan will not understand this. He has a vague tacit understanding with the judge, and he will not oppose it directly.

All three of them are well-educated people, quoting scriptures and classics, and talking endlessly. Obviously, this is not the first time that the three of them have argued, and their words are-for-tat and extremely familiar. Zhang Hangang was hit head-on by the three of them, and the supervision was forced to be postponed, but he felt impatient in his heart. After listening patiently for a while, the three of them suddenly unanimously condemned Sun, blaming her for not filing a lawsuit, disgraced the family, and implicated Zhou Fu.

When Zhang Han heard this, he couldn't bear it:

"Wait! Shouldn't Sun be sued in court? ”

"Yes! What's wrong? ”

The trial was very surprised.

What's wrong? It's a lot wrong!

Zhang Han frowned and thought about it. I don't know what to say. When the early law appeared, there were still people who lamented moral corruption! In the "Historical Records", he praised the moral nobility of King Wen of Zhou. This is basically the consensus of the whole society. Zhang Han has never been in a lawsuit in his life, and he ignored it unconsciously, but he didn't know it.

"Well, if the Sun family doesn't sue in court, won't the land be occupied by the clansmen?"

"This. It's all a family......

This is not easy to say, Zhong muttered a few words, as if to say, the fertilizer and water do not fall into the fields of outsiders, and if you occupy it, you will occupy it! The cousins of the same clan in this era and the brothers of later generations are slightly inferior. Not much worse. Therefore, Zhong is quite justified when he says it.

"How does the Sun family live and how does he raise his second son......"

"Spinning and weaving, going to the workshop to work, helping people to wash their clothes...... There's always a way! ”

"......" Zhang Han was speechless, "Why?" ”

"The Sun family is like this, and it has ruined the reputation of the Sun family......"

From being looked down upon when going out, to having difficulty in marrying a wife for a son, from endangering the feelings of the clan. to undermine social harmony, and judge the facts to make sense. Numerous hazards were enumerated to prove Sun's unwisdom.

“……”

Zhang Han was dizzy, and finally speechless. After being stunned for a long time, Zhang Han reacted and interrupted the interrogation:

"Wait, due south! How could I have heard this so awkwardly! ”

"How so?"

The three of them spoke in unison. The trial began to talk about the various harms of litigation, how it was in ancient times, and how it was in the later days. Extremely seriously. Zhong and Cen Lan nodded again and again in hearing - litigation refers to civil litigation, which falls within the scope of civil law; And the criminal law of the Zhong family. It is a criminal offense and falls within the scope of criminal law.

"Hahaha-"

Listening to the bad words of the lawsuit, Zhang Han looked strange, took a few deep breaths, endured and endured, and finally couldn't bear it, and laughed loudly. The trial stopped, and his face was very ugly. Zhang Han hurriedly stopped laughing, and in a hurry, he couldn't help coughing loudly.

After a while, Zhang Han's breathing was settled, and then he got up and apologized to the judge:

"Jeongnam, I'm not laughing at you...... Could it be that when Cao Ci tried the lawsuit, he also focused on settling the lawsuit? ”

As soon as Zhang Han looked at the faces of the three of them, he knew that he had asked a stupid question. As expected, Zhong replied:

"Of course!"

Zhang Han patted his head and recalled his comments to the officials, "rule by virtue", "If the people have a dispute, they must first close their ...... of self-blame", "The twenty-four counties in the county should not resign their lawsuits and talk about themselves".

This is all of a sudden, and that's true. He mainly tried criminal offenses, and when he encountered a civil lawsuit, he would persuade people to settle the lawsuit.

"Wait a minute, my head is all messed up, let me think about it, think about it......"

This is a big oversight. Zhang Han reformed the judiciary to make it independent, promoted the professionalization of judges, accelerated the trial of cases, and reduced unjust, false and wrongly decided cases. Everyone said yes, and no one told him that there was such a thing. Hearing about this suddenly, Zhang Han couldn't help but be surprised.

"Let me ask you: If this case is not prosecuted by the Sun family, then who will get the property?"

"This ......" - naturally cheapened the greedy people.

"I ask you: If the Sun family settles the lawsuit, then who will get the property?"

"This ......" - the Sun family has to take out a part of the land to satisfy the people.

"Let me ask you again, in that case, will the other people learn from the Sun clan or from that clan?"

Zhang Han sneered:

"This is the so-called 'Dehua'?! I don't know what to do! ”

“……”

The three of them looked at each other, not knowing how to answer. The answer is yes, definitely not; The answer is no, and it doesn't seem to be true. It goes without saying that teaching by example is better than words. All three of them knew it. For a while, Sun's lawsuit seemed to make some sense, and it was very problematic to settle the lawsuit. Looking back, the three of them felt that something was wrong......

Taking advantage of the confusion of the three people's thoughts, Zhang Han stood up and said sharply:

"Yuan Chief, I said you write!

First, I've heard

When the lawsuit is heard, it is specifically to settle the lawsuit and stop the lawsuit, claiming that 'yes, this sincerity is not what it is!'

The world is bustling, all for profit; The world is crowded, all for profit. Since there are interests in the world, there are naturally disputes, and this is a natural truth, which cannot be solved by education. Blindly appeasement and nurturing adultery will benefit the adulterer in vain. So, how will people in the world learn from whom, does this need to be explained?

……

When officials hear lawsuits, they judge the merits of the lawsuits. The reasonable wins, the unreasonable loses, and the traitors have no way to profit from it. Mortals think that the judgment is fair and reasonable, and they will not learn from the adulterer.

This is naturally edification!

……

Now, I declare that the performance of an official is not based on whether there is a lawsuit under his rule, but on how he hears the lawsuit and whether he can reach a judgment promptly. Is the verdict fair and reasonable?

Second, I have heard that lawyers are despicable and hateful villains who take advantage of the law and instigate others to sue for personal gain......

From this point of view, I am a little puzzled.

If I can't read, then I have been bullied and insulted by others, and I can't go to a lawyer to write a complaint, so I can only swallow my anger and let the wicked get away with it?

If......

……

Come to think of it, this is not the intention of the saints.

Dayu controls the water, and it is better to be sparse than blocked. If there is a gap in the law, it is because the person who made the law did not think it through, and it was changed by changing it. The fence of the house is broken, so that the sheep are lost. If you don't blame yourself, but you blame the person who picks up the sheep, where is there such a truth in the world?

When he was farming, he consulted Song Li and Sun Wen (famous farmers); When forging swords, he consulted Li Shengzhong and Wang Guanquan (famous blacksmiths); During the war, he went to consult Zhang Huan and Wu Zifang (famous generals); When he was governing the country, he consulted Zheng Xuan and Lu Zhi (the famous Confucian); When formulating the law, I went to consult Zhong, Jupai and Cen Lan......

When doing something, it is natural to ask someone who is proficient in it.

So, shouldn't I go to someone who is proficient in the law when I encounter a lawsuit?

……

However, just as a dam should be built on both sides of a river, the adversary cannot let it run freely. The composition of a lawyer is extremely complex, and most of them are not familiar with the law, but collude with unscrupulous officials to manipulate litigation and profit from it. Often, the plaintiff eats the defendant, and the behavior is extremely bad, which greatly disrupts the normal litigation.

……

I declare that a lawyer must pass the examination of the Law Park and obtain a formal professional qualification before he can avoid practising. Those who do not have the qualifications will be banned according to the law.

Yuanchang, if you formulate a standard, the qualification examination will be based on the graduation examination, and the fee standard and specific specifications must be clear and clear. ）

Third, in the early days, the officials in the government had no salary, and they toiled all day long, but they had no income, and they could not even make a living. In order to support themselves and their families, they had to embezzle, take bribes, and extort money......

I knew that they had no choice, and I took pity on them, did not blame them, and gave them enough money to support their families. Originally, I wanted to ......

However, it did not occur to me that their greed knows no bounds. He didn't change his life because of this, and he still did all the evil things he did as before......

Heaven is evil, especially lived; You will not live!

……

I declare: Anyone who embezzles, accepts, extorts, and extorts money will be punished with a heavy penalty at all times. All illegal gains are confiscated and a double fine is imposed. Those who have accumulated more than 1,000 yuan shall be sentenced to hard labor for not less than three years. Those who are the first to report may have their penalties reduced as appropriate. Moreover, if the whistleblower can provide detailed evidence, he will receive a reward equivalent to 10%~50% of the illegal gains......"

When the bell wrote this, he couldn't help but shout:

"General!"

Zhang Han glared at him sternly, and kept talking:

"The law does not investigate the mistakes before it was enacted, so I am not to blame for all the previous things. But if someone makes a similar mistake in the future, they will have to follow this order!

In addition, the chief wrote a simple and concise manual of laws and regulations, which all schools were to study, so that the Li Shu knew their own rights and duties, and the powers of the servants with whom they dealed, and what they could do and which were forbidden......

In addition, before the decree, the essence of the decree shall be clarified, and if there is any omission in the decree, the judgment shall be made in accordance with the essence of the decree......"

Zhang Han's eyes were like vultures, staring at the clock tightly. Zhong Qi snatched it, bowed his head unconsciously, and continued to write Zhang Han's orders. Immediately, he came to his senses, raised his head suddenly, but saw Zhang Han's bright eyes, and involuntarily lowered his head again, and promised in a low voice:

"Yes!"

――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

In mid-March of the second year of Jian'an (197), Zhang Han issued several orders requiring local officials not to blindly settle lawsuits, and announced the legalization of lawyers. Soon after, Zhou Fu was acquitted.

Later, Cen Lan was appointed as the prime minister's resignation Cao Peng, in charge of legal affairs and litigation, alongside the east and west Cao, and was one of the three major Cao Peng in the prime minister's mansion; He was appointed as the Imperial Historian and was in charge of supervising civil and military officials; And the judicial system is in charge of Zhong.

As soon as Zhang Han's orders were announced, they immediately caused an uproar and caused widespread controversy in both the government and the opposition.

PS: Would love to count this into two chapters, Khan! Two and a half chapters are still owed......

I am not used to reversing day and night, I always feel that I don't have enough sleep, and when I sit there, I get sleepy, and if I am not careful, I will fall asleep.

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