At the right time, His Majesty the Emperor's triumphant fleet anchored in Yangzhou began to set sail. Diaphragm

On this return trip, Lao Zhu brought back 50,000 troops, as well as 20,000 people who were responsible for handling the boats, as well as thousands of Yuan court prisoners, including Emperor Zhizheng, and more than 30,000 craftsmen who were specially selected and brought back from Dadu at Zhu Yuan's suggestion.

Among them, the craftsmen are only the first batch.

According to the household registration data of the Yuan court, there are more than 67,000 artisan households in the capital alone, totaling more than 330,000 people.

According to the plan, more will be moved to the south in the future.

In addition to the population, there are also silver coins, treasures, classics, and so on that are suitable for moving back in the treasury of the capital and the surrounding cities.

All of these have created a total of more than 1,600 ships of all sizes to form a huge fleet that stretches for more than ten miles, which also means that the fleet cannot return to Jinling more than 100 miles a day like the messenger clipper, and today's destination is Zhenzhou between Yangzhou and Jinling.

It will take another day to reach Jinling. Diaphragm

In the cold season of late autumn and early winter, on the misty open river, even if the fleet is generally small inland river flat-bottomed boats, it seems to be mighty under such a number.

In the flotilla, which was moving smoothly at certain intervals, a fast oared light boat suddenly approached the shore.

There were still two miles away, and they had been stopped by the sentinel ship guarding near His Majesty the Emperor's boat, and the two sides exchanged ideas, and the small flag officer on the sentinel boat led one person to his own boat, and the nearby sentinel patrol who was also vigilant could only see that the person who was being led seemed to be holding some straw in his hand, probably bean straw or something.

The sentinel boat then started, and after several checkpoints and passes, the handful of bean straw finally arrived on the building boat on which His Majesty the Emperor was riding.

Standing outside the cabin on the second floor of the ship, Qin Yubo, who was waiting for Hanlin to be controlled, took the handful of soybean straw from the guard's hand, turned his head and glanced at an inner attendant next to him, and then looked at the other inner attendants who had a few buckets of water at his feet next to him, before turning to the cabin door.

Qin Yubo knew that in the cabin of the ship, which was temporarily hung with a curtain, a fire was being set on fire.

So Zhu Yuan, how can this be? Diaphragm

Strange and skillful skills are simply the beginning of trouble, the beginning of trouble!

Outside the dimly lit cabin, at the round table where they had dinner together last night, Zhu Yuan was demonstrating an experiment to Lao Zhu.

Flame color reaction.

Zhu Yuan didn't want to toss around on the boat, but after talking about it last night, Lao Zhu must be in a hurry to see it.

Six small white porcelain bowls were placed on the round table, and Zhu Yuan carefully poured the alcohol he had personally purified with glassware when he was in Dinghai, and then added five solutions of sodium chloride, potassium carbonate, potassium nitrate, copper acetate and iron acetate to five of the bowls.

These are also all things that Zhu Yuan tried when he was in Dinghai.

Sodium chloride is table salt. Diaphragm

Potassium carbonate is an extract of plant ash, potassium nitrate...... It is the fire that is used to make gunpowder at the moment. As for copper acetate and ferric acetate, the main thing is that Zhu Yuan can only find acetic acid for a while.

Doing this, Zhu Yuan explained to Lao Zhu, who was full of expectations beside him: "The official name of alcohol is 'ethanol', and its chemical composition is similar to that of sugar, which is carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. My ancestors had read the book "Chemistry" and should have known that it was called organic matter, so it could be burned. Using alcohol as fuel, the main reason is that alcohol is almost transparent when burned, which can highlight the flame color of other elements. Six bowls of alcohol, one of which is left at all, is for comparison, which is also a standard procedure for chemical experiments. Well, in fact, all kinds of experiments, whether it is physics, chemistry or biology, are the same. Without references, it is impossible to prove that the subject is special. ”

Saying this, Zhu Yuan was also ready.

Signaling Lao Zhu to step back a little, Zhu Yuan used a cotton head silver skewer dipped in alcohol to light the candle on the side first, and then lit the alcohol in the six porcelain bowls one by one.

In the dim light, flames rise.

Above the six porcelain bowls, different colors soon appeared.

Two of them are nearly colorless, two are distinctly purple flames, and one has a green flame. Diaphragm

In the past, the flame reaction experiment in the textbook was to dip platinum wire into a compound.

The platinum wire couldn't be found, Zhu Yuan tried it with silver wire in Dinghai before, and felt that the reaction was not obvious, so he directly started the fire, just like in front of him.

Very eye-catching.

Even though he already understood the truth, looking at the current scene, Lao Zhu was still surprised.

It felt like the door to a new world had opened.

Zhu Yuan glanced at Lao Zhu, who was almost amazed, and then explained: "The essence of the flame color reaction is that the electrons inside the metal are heated and the energy is released, and the external manifestation is different light colors. This method is simple but primitive, and it can only verify a small fraction of the metal. However, using a similar principle, spectrometers were invented hundreds of years later, which could be used to detect the elemental composition of various substances, and as a means of mineral surveying, etc. ”

Lao Zhu nodded slightly, his mind had already quickly figured out the purpose of this flame reaction, and pointed to one of them: "This iron ...... Why doesn't it seem to have color? "Ahh

"This, Yuan'er can't remember clearly," Zhu Yuan didn't hide it: "When I was studying back then, I remembered that there was no iron in sodium, yellow potassium, purple copper, and green." I've tried a few times before, but no. I think again, maybe there is, but the light it emits is no longer within the range of our human eye. This is also what I just said, that the flame reaction can only verify a very small part of the metallic elements. ”

Lao Zhu grabbed a point: "Our eyes ...... Scope of identification? ”

Zhu Yuan thought for a while, raised his hand and gestured: "Ancestor, imagine that when you throw a stone, or when you are blown up by the wind, the water waves that swing outward on the water surface ......"

Old Zhu paused and hummed softly.

Zhu Yuan continued: "Light can also be regarded as a kind of wave, just like the ripples on the water surface are large and small, the fluctuation frequency of light waves is also long and short, the specific length, I can't remember clearly, in short, what our human eyes can recognize is actually only a small number of light waves within a period of frequency, and most of them, we can't see them." ”

Lao Zhu felt a little understood, but he didn't understand, and asked, "Why can't we see it?" ”

This...... Diaphragm

Zhu Yuan was still stumped for a while, pondered for a moment, and then said: "Our human eyes ...... Millions of years of evolution have allowed us to recognize only a small fraction of light. It is said that man is the primate of all things, and the ancestors are not. At night, many animals can see things, because there is also light at night, but our human eyes can't recognize it. That's the limitation. ”

Speaking of this, after thinking about it, Zhu Yuan continued to add: "Similar, there are voices. Sound waves are also a kind of waves, and we can only identify sounds in a certain band. If it exceeds the frequency we recognize, it is called ultrasound, and if it is lower than the corresponding frequency, it is called infrasound. For example, earthquakes, many animals can predict earthquakes in advance because they can feel the infrasound waves from an impending earthquake that we can't hear. And then there are bats, which are actually invisible to their eyes, and by constantly emitting a kind of ultrasound, and then returning to their ears, they can detect everything around them, heh, this is very useful, and I will talk about it in the future. ”

Lao Zhu felt that he had gained knowledge again, and wanted to ask questions, but he was not in a hurry to think about it, but sighed softly: "This ...... It's amazing. ”

Zhu Yuan saw that the alcohol on the table was almost burning, and motioned to Lao Zhu, and got permission, so he stepped forward and covered the white bowl one by one with the porcelain plate prepared in advance, while explaining: "Alcohol burning cannot be blown out, if it splashes out, it will be burned wherever it goes, so it is necessary to use the method of isolating oxygen to extinguish the fire, that's it, cover it, and the oxygen inside will be burned out." ”

After doing this, Zhu Yuan turned around and opened the door, asking the chamberlain to remove the blackout curtains from the surrounding windows recently, and took the handful of soybean straw from Qin Yubo's hand by the way.

When the attendants left, there were only two ancestors and distant grandsons left in the house, and Zhu Yuan had already found the target and showed Lao Zhu: "Ancestor, this is the root nodule, you look at it first, and I will try to slice it." However, the stalk has long since dried up, and I don't know if the rhizobia can still be seen in it. If not, after returning to Jinling, find other legumes that are still alive, maybe there are also. ”

"You let it go." Diaphragm

Lao Zhu said, took a piece of bean straw rhizome, walked to the round table and sat down, while looking, while watching Zhu Yuan take out the microscope and various tools from the box he brought this morning and start operating.

All of this at the moment, whether it's the flame reaction or the bean straw nodules, is because of last night.

At dinner, at the request of Lao Zhu, Zhu Yuan talked about the importance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the growth of crops from the duck industry chain, as well as related things, such as how to identify potassium, and where does phosphorus come from, and then nitrogen.

Lao Zhu didn't quite understand, according to Zhu Yuan's statement, any amount of nitrogen in the air accounted for seventy percent, why would crops still be lacking?

Then we talked about the nitrogen fixation capacity of legume crops.

Whether it is a former farmer or the current emperor, Lao Zhu understands that this is definitely a big thing, and if he understands these truths, he also understands the many problems encountered by the people in this land in the process of farming for thousands of years.

Then, the corresponding problems are solved, and the world, the country, can be renewed. Diaphragm

Zhu Yuan selected a nodule with tweezers, and then used a side-by-side steel blade to slice and stain, while chatting with Lao Zhu casually, and quickly completed a sample slide.

Then operate the microscope.

After a few moments, the results appeared.

Zhu Yuan observed for a while, and when he saw that Lao Zhu couldn't wait to come over, he let go of his figure: "There are still some, ancestors, please take a look...... The cells of plants and animals are different, the outer ones are soybean cells, the cell wall is obvious, and the inside, those that are rounded and have no cell wall, should be rhizobia. However, it should also be dead. ”

Lao Zhu stared at the eyepiece for a moment, nodded, his eyes did not leave the microscope, but he said, "Just ...... These, rhizobia, can produce that nitrogen fertilizer? ”

"Yuan'er has never farmed, but that's what the textbooks teach. Moreover, it is recorded in agricultural books such as "Qi Min Yaoshu" that the land planted with beans will be more vigorous when other crops are planted. The writer doesn't know the principle, in fact, that's it. This rhizobia converts nitrogen from the air into nitrogen compounds that can be absorbed by plants, supplying the beans themselves directly, and some of them remaining in the soil for use by other crops later. ”

Lao Zhu listened carefully, observed for a while, and finally straightened up, and sighed again: "It's really ...... Oh, when I return to Jinling, I will make a special decree to let the people plant beans to fertilize the fields. "Ahh

Zhu Yuan nodded: "Under the current conditions, this is very necessary. Because traditional manure still comes from the same land, several cycles, various nutrients will continue to be consumed, and eventually a piece of land will completely lose its ability to support crops, and then barren. This bean is one of the few crops that can be used to make fertilizer naturally. Well, though, it's limited to nitrogen fertilizers. ”

Lao Zhu pointed to the inside, and the two came to the study next door again, sat down with Eucalyptus, and continued: "This phosphate fertilizer, according to what you say, can be used as a strategy for guano island, and then it is potassium fertilizer, this potassium ...... What is the use? ”

Nitrogen and phosphorus, we talked about it at dinner last night, but I forgot to ask the last one.

Zhu Yuan was no longer restrained and put his arms on the book in front of him, and suddenly heard this question, thought for a while, and then said, "Perhaps, similar to the salt we eat." ”

Lao Zhu was puzzled.

Zhu Yuan pondered for a moment and said, "Does the ancestor still remember the periodic table?" ”

Lao Zhu nodded: "You ...... That's a lot of things to forget. "Ahh

A table that can accommodate more than 100 elements, Zhu Yuan filled in twenty or thirty.

All kinds of documents sent by Zhu Yuan are in this study, and Lao Zhu didn't get up to look for them, they were almost already in his mind.

Zhu Yuan just smiled, did not argue, but said: "Potassium and sodium......" said that the void drew vertically: "...... Elements that belong to the same family and are very active elements that do not exist in nature. We must eat salt because we need sodium ions, which are widely present in body fluids, to help the body move nutrients. Similarly, this potassium, for plants, is equivalent to sodium in the human body, which is used to help transport various nutrients throughout the body. Heh, these are all speculations based on common sense, and I don't know if it's accurate, but there is a high probability that this is the case. ”

Speaking of which, Zhu Yuan still remembered one.

Why sodium for humans, or animals?

This starts with the evolution of organisms, and also talks about the evolution of organisms from the sea to the land...... Well, the billion-year-old yellow calendar will not be turned over for the time being.

Lao Zhu also understood this time, pondered for a moment, and looked over: "Your ...... The glass or something, it's still less burning, the ash just now, didn't just take away all the potash in the grass ash. "Ahh

This......

Why did you suddenly turn here?

However, Zhu Yuan nodded: "Lord, when Yuan'er finds a natural sodium carbonate alkali ore, there will be no need for potassium carbonate, and the grass ash can be returned directly to the field in the future." ”

Lao Zhu stretched out his hand to rummage in some folds next to him, and asked, "How to solve the potash fertilizer?" ”

Zhu Yuan said: "You can only look for potash ore, right...... Fire, I mean, saltpeter mine, in fact, is a natural compound fertilizer, containing both potassium and nitrogen, but whether it is saltpeter ore or other potash mines, there are not many in the Central Plains. I remember that later our largest potash mine in China ...... In Xinjiang, well, it's the Western Regions. ”

"According to what you said, the land of the Western Regions may also be brought down quickly," Lao Zhu muttered a sentence that was actually very domineering very usually, and advised: "Since you proposed it, this fertilizer matter, when you return to Jinling, it will also be handed over to you to manage, and then set up a yamen." ”

Zhu Yuan: "......" 阑

Can I say no?

The original burden on his body has not been unloaded, and he has come again.

The donkeys of the production team don't dare to use it like this!

On the other side, Lao Zhu had already found a few copies and handed them over: "Take a look, I just sent it this morning, and it's all about impeaching you." ”