(The last time I sent the macro background situation, I originally sent a battle of Changjin Lake before, but someone said that Changjin Lake is not a battle at all, just a part of the second battle, I am dizzy, then send this for reference, I don't care about it.) ）

The second campaign of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea refers to the battle in which the Chinese People's Volunteers, with the cooperation of the Korean People's Army, lured the US-led "United Nations Army" and the South Korean (ROK) Army under its command to the predetermined battlefield on November 7 ~ December 24, 1950, and suddenly launched a counterattack against them, which was a battle that turned the tide of the Korean War.

First of all, after the Chinese Volunteers entered the Korean War and won the first battle, the US government still insisted on the plan of quickly occupying all of Korea by military attack. D. MacArthur, commander-in-chief of the "United Nations Forces", decided to launch a "general offensive" in the Korean theater, planning to first conduct a tentative offensive with ground forces, and then launch a general offensive to the north with the US 10th Army on the Eastern Front and the 8th Army on the Western Front to end the Korean War by Christmas (December 25).

In order to realize this plan, the "United Nations Army" transferred the 25th Division, the Turkish Brigade, and the 29th Brigade of the British Army, which were located on the second line, to the Western Front, and transferred the 3rd Division of the US Army to the Eastern Front, so that the ground combat troops on the front line increased to a total of 13 divisions, three brigades, and one airborne regiment in five armies, totaling more than 220,000 troops. Towards the end of the first campaign, Peng Dehuai, commander and political commissar of the Chinese People's Volunteers, judged that the "United Nations Army" might reorganize its offensive and put forward the policy of consolidating victory, overcoming current difficulties, and preparing for another battle.

On November 5, the chairman of the People's Revolutionary Military Committee agreed with Peng Dehuai's operational policy, and pointed out that the Tokugawa side was very important, and the volunteer army must strive to create a battlefield in the area north of the Wonsan and Sunchon railway lines, consume the enemy's forces in this area, and push the battle line from Pyongyang to Wonsan, and take the areas north and west of Tokucheon, Stadium, and Yongbyon as the rear, which would be beneficial to the long-term fighting side.

On the 9th, the Volunteer Army once again pointed out that the Volunteer Army should strive to fight one or two battles on each of the eastern and western fronts within a month, annihilate seven or eight regiments of the enemy, and advance the front to the front line of Pyongyang and Wonsan, so as to facilitate long-term operations.

Based on this, the party committee of the Chinese People's Volunteers decided to adopt the principle of fighting on the inner front, luring the enemy into depth, and breaking through in each direction, and planned to lure the "United Nations Army" to the front line of Taeguandong, Onjeong, Myohyangsan, and Pyeongnam on the western front, and to lure them to the line of Jiujin-ri and Jangjin on the eastern front, and then concentrate their forces to annihilate them individually. In order to strengthen the combat strength of the Volunteer Army, the 9th Corps (under the jurisdiction of the 20th, 26th, and 27th armies with 12 divisions) was ordered to enter the DPRK and take up combat missions in the direction of the eastern front and Changjin.

The total strength of the Volunteer Army has reached more than 380,000 people in 30 divisions of 9 armies, forming an advantage on both the eastern and western fronts.

On 6 November, the "United Nations Army" began a tentative offensive. According to the predetermined plan, the Volunteer Army resisted with part of its forces, lured the enemy into depth, and the main force moved back. Under the bewilderment of the volunteers, the "United Nations Army" marched north on all fronts.

On the 21st, the troops of the Western Front advanced to the line of Jiashan and Yongsandong to Tokugawa and Ningyuan, and the 1st Marine Division, the main force of the Eastern Front, advanced to the Changjin Lake area, and was lured into the predetermined battlefield by the Volunteers.

On November 24, the "United Nations Army" launched a "general offensive" to end the Korean War by Christmas. On the evening of the 25th, the Volunteer Army first launched a campaign counterattack on the Western Front.

The 38th and 42nd armies launched an attack on the 7th and 8th divisions of the 2nd Army Corps of the South Korean Army in the Tokugawa and Nyongwon areas; The 40th Army attacked the 2nd Division of the U.S. Army in the Sinsing-dong and Somin-dong areas north of the stadium;

The 50th, 66th, and 39th armies attacked the 24th and 25th divisions of the US army, the 27th Brigade of the British Army, and the 1st Division of the South Korean Army in the Jeongju, Taecheon, and Unsan areas, respectively.

On the 26th, the 38th and 42nd armies annihilated most of the 7th and 8th divisions of the South Korean Army, opening a gap in the battle. In order to develop the victory of the campaign, the leaders of the Chinese People's Volunteers decided to adopt the tactics of flanking and detouring combined with frontal attack, and strive to divide and annihilate the "United Nations Army" troops on the western front in the areas north and south of the Qingchuan River.

By the 28th, the 40th and 39th armies of the frontal assault approached the stadium and Yongbyon respectively; The 66th Army advanced to Guchengdong and Yongsandong.

The 50th Army advanced to the Five Dragons' Cave. The 42nd Army, which was tasked with the outer roundabout, captured Beichangli and continued to advance in the direction of False Cangli and Xincangli.

The main force of the 38th Army, which was responsible for the inner roundabout task, broke through the resistance of the Turkish brigade in the area of Gariling and Yukou Station, and advanced to the area of Peide Station and Wayuan.

The 113th Division of the army advanced more than 70 kilometers in 14 hours and arrived at Sansho-ri at 8 o'clock on the 28th, cutting off the retreat route of the US 9th Army from Gunyu-ri to Suncheon via Sansho-ri. On the 28th, the Volunteer Army adjusted its deployment and continued its offensive.

The 113th Division repelled more than 10 attacks by the U.S. Army in Sansho-ri, and then seized Yongwon-ri, cutting off another retreat route of the U.S. 9th Army from Gunyu-ri to Suncheon. The 42nd Army annihilated the South Korean Army and the U.S. Army at Wolpo-ri and Okchang-ri and advanced to Sinchang-ri.

The main force of the 38th Army annihilated most of the Turkish Brigade and the first part of the American Army, and advanced to Fengmingli.

The 39th and 66th armies advanced to the area south of Yongbyon, the 40th army to the area of Wonri, and the 50th army to the area west of Bocheon. The U.S. 9th Army was surrounded on three sides by the Volunteers.

On the 29th, the US 8th Army began to retreat on all fronts. The U.S. 1st Army withdrew to the Anju area and prepared to retreat in the direction of Pyongyang via Sucheon; The 9th Army contracted to the area of Yuanchuan and Gunyu-ri, and attempted to break through to Sunchon through Yongwon-ri and Sansho-ri.

The volunteer troops of the Western Front attacked with all their might, with the US 9th Army as the main target, and launched a large-scale encirclement and annihilation battle against the US 8th Army in the area north and south of the Qingchuan River. The 113th Division stubbornly resisted in Sansholi and Longyuanli, held its position, and smashed the US army's attempt to break through and aid from the north.

The main force of the 38th Army quickly moved closer to the 113th Division, broke through the ranks of the American troops retreating south from the flank, and engaged in a fierce battle; The 40th Army captured Junyu-ri and fought with the 38th Army with a force, and the main force continued to assault in the direction of Anju.

The 39th and 66th armies successively crossed the Qingchuan River and advanced to the south, cooperating with the 38th Army to annihilate the besieged American troops; The 42nd Army continued to attack the main force of the 1st U.S. Cavalry Division at Xincangli; The 50th Army approached Anju from southeast of Bocheon.

On December 1, the U.S. 9th Army was forced to abandon a large amount of baggage equipment, transferred to Anju to join the U.S. 1st Army, and retreated to the Pyongyang line through Sucheon. The Volunteer Army of the Western Front then stopped the pursuit on December 2 and moved to rest. After the Volunteers launched a counterattack on the Western Front, the 10th Army of the US Army (under the jurisdiction of the 3rd and 7th Divisions and the 1st Marine Division) and the 1st Army Corps of the South Korean Army (under the jurisdiction of the Capital Division and the 3rd Division) on the Eastern Front continued to advance northward.

On November 27, the main force of the 1st Marine Division and 1 reinforced regiment of the 7th Division of the US Army entered the Changjin Lake area. On the evening of the 27th, the 9th Corps of the Volunteer Army (commander and political commissar Song Shilun) concentrated the 20th and 27th armies in the Changjin Lake area to launch a counterattack against the US army, and fought fiercely all night, cutting off and encircling the 7th Division of the US Army and part of the 1st Marine Division in the Xiajieyuli, Liutanli, Xinxingli and Gutuli areas.

In order to open the way, the besieged troops of the US army continued to storm the positions of the volunteers. The volunteer troops attacked the besieged US troops on the one hand, and resolutely resisted the counterattack of the US troops on the other.

On the 29th, the 1st Marine Division of the U.S. Army stormed the positions of Death Eagle Ridge and Fushengli. The commander of the 3rd Company of the 172nd Regiment of the 58th Division of the Volunteer Army led 1 platoon to hold the 1071.1 heights of Dead Eagle Ridge, repelled 8 attacks by the US army in a row, and finally picked up the explosive bag, rushed into the enemy group, and died with the enemy, keeping the position.

The 60th Division repelled many attacks by British and American troops on the frontline positions of Fushengli and Xiaomintaili, and took advantage of the victory to carry out a counterattack in the direction of Gutuli, killing and wounding nearly 1,000 enemies. According to the situation on the battlefield, the 9th Corps decided to concentrate its forces to annihilate the besieged American troops one by one. On the evening of the 30th, the 27th Army concentrated the main forces of the 80th Division and the 81st Division to launch an attack on the 31st Regimental Combat Team (Reinforced Regiment) of the 7th Division of the US Army in Xinxingli, and fought fiercely for two days to annihilate it.

After this battle, the "United Nations Army" on the Eastern Front was shaken on all fronts, and the US troops in the Changjin Lake area began to break through to the south. The Volunteers entered the battle with the 26th Army as a reserve, overcoming difficulties such as freezing weather, lack of food and ammunition, and serious frostbite attrition, and launched an encirclement, pursuit, and interception of the 1st Marine Division of the US Marine Army.

On December 12, the remainder of the 1st Marine Division of the U.S. Army withdrew to Wulaoli with the support of the 3rd U.S. Division. After the "United Nations Army" suffered a heavy blow on the eastern and western fronts, MacArthur ordered his troops to carry out a general retreat to the "38th Parallel" on 3 December.

The volunteers took advantage of the victory to launch a campaign in pursuit. On the Western Front, the Chinese People's Volunteers and the People's Army recaptured Pyongyang, the provisional capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, on the 6th and continued to advance towards the "38th Parallel".

On the 23rd, the armies of the Western Front of the Volunteer Army advanced to Jinchuan, Jiuhuali, Shuoning, Lianchuan, Cheorwon, Hwacheon and other areas, the 1st Army Corps of the People's Army crossed the "38th Parallel" and liberated the Yan'an Peninsula and the Wengjin Peninsula, and the 2nd and 5th Army Corps each entered Chunchuan and Gapyeong. On the Eastern Front, KPA units recaptured Wonsan on the 9th, cutting off the land retreat of the U.S. and South Korean armies. U.S. troops and South Korean troops then withdrew to the Hamhung and Hungnam areas.

The 26th and 27th armies of the Volunteer Army continued the pursuit with the 3rd Army Corps of the People's Army, occupying Hamhung on the 17th, Lianpu Airport on the 19th, and Fuxingnan on the 24th. The 10th Army of the U.S. Army and other units retreated from the sea with more than 300 ships. The second campaign ended.

In the second campaign, the Chinese People's Volunteers and the Korean People's Army completely smashed the "United Nations Army's" attempt to occupy all of Korea, liberated all areas except Xiangyang in the northern half of Korea, pushed the front to the "38th Parallel," and occupied the Wengjin Peninsula and the Yan'an Peninsula south of the "38th Parallel," forcing the "United Nations Army" to switch from offensive to defense, thus fundamentally turning the tide of the Korean War.

During the operation, the Volunteers basically annihilated the 7th and 8th Divisions of the South Korean Army, annihilated most of the Turkish Brigade and 1 reinforced regiment of the 7th Division of the US Army, dealt annihilating blows to the 2nd Division and the 1st Marine Division of the US Army, and severely damaged the 25th Division and the 1st Cavalry Division of the US Army, killing and wounding more than 36,000 enemies, including more than 24,000 US troops, and W.H. Walker, commander of the US 8th Army, was also killed in the retreat. In addition, more than 1,000 artillery pieces, more than 3,000 automobiles, more than 200 tanks and armored vehicles, and 6 aircraft were captured and destroyed. The Volunteers suffered more than 30,000 casualties in this battle.

The second battle, which lasted 29 days, was the most strategically significant victory in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea. This victory greatly exceeded the expectations of the Volunteer Army when it entered the DPRK and before the second battle. As the Volunteer Army regained Pyongyang and Wonsan, the US army began to retreat in a big way, all the way to the area south of the 38th parallel. The Volunteers not only completely smashed the "Christmas Offensive" launched by the "United Nations Army," but also pushed the battle line from the Qingchuan River to the 38th Parallel, recovered all the territory north of the 38th Parallel (except Xiangyang), liberated the Wengjin Peninsula and the Yan'an Peninsula south of the 38th Parallel, and completely reversed the tide of the Korean War.

The victory of the volunteers shocked the world and displayed the national and military prestige of New China in the world. As the New York Herald Tribune called it, it was "the greatest defeat in the history of the US Army." It shattered the myth of the invincibility of the US military and completely changed the image of the Chinese nation in modern times, which has always been backward and beaten, and the writer Wei Wei also wrote the second battle of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the battle of Songgufeng, into that famous battlefield newsletter: "Who is the cutest person?"

At this point, no one will think that China's "peasant army" army is a force that can be easily insulted.