Carburizing refers to the process of infiltrating carbon atoms into the surface layer of steel, that is, making low carbon steel have the surface layer of high carbon steel, and then after quenching and low temperature tempering, the surface layer of the steel plate has high hardness and wear resistance, while the central part still maintains the toughness and plasticity of low carbon steel.

Because of its appearance, the efficiency of the armor protection of the battleship was greatly enhanced.

The thickness of the case-hardened steel armor of the same protective steel plate is only half that of the steel wrought iron armor.

After the case-hardened steel armor was put into use, the battleships and armored cruisers of various countries began to "slim down", and the maximum armor thickness on the side was reduced from the original 360~457 mm to 200~300 mm, while the protection capacity increased.

The weight saved was used to increase the armor protection area, from the original narrow "belt" armor belt, to the "grass skirt" armor belt, and finally to the "armor barrel" with both decks in mind.

In addition to the military, Cheng Nuo can also use it to make cargo ships, thus breaking the situation that domestic Hainan Airlines and domestic Airlines are occupied by foreigners.

In the future, the things produced by the Academy of Sciences will be transported by his own ships, and Cheng Nuo will be more assured.

Wang Tiehammer, who knew its importance, was newly married to Yan'er a few days ago, and devoted himself to the study and research process of steel plate technology.

Because he was so addicted, he almost forgot about his new daughter-in-law.

After a long time, Cheng Nuo didn't dare to look directly at this French girl.

Fortunately, although Wang Tiehammer looks relatively simple, he has studied steel technology, which is called a leap forward, and even Cheng Nuo himself is ashamed of himself.

How long he sailed on the sea, and how long Wang Tiehammer stayed in the house.

"Hammer, there are new technologies, but you are the only one who has this talent, it's not too early, hurry up and rest." Through the porthole, Cheng Nuo saw that Wang Tiehammer was still fighting at night, and hurriedly persuaded him.

"Got it, Professor Cheng." Wang Tiehammer agreed, and quickly turned off the lights, and the information was packed up with a clang, as if he really wanted to rest.

But where can Cheng Nuo not understand him?

After speaking, he deliberately walked forward for a while, giving people the illusion of leaving.

And then tiptoe back, ready to kill the carbine.

Sure enough, as soon as Wang Tiehammer turned on the light here, Cheng Nuo's face immediately appeared outside the porthole, which really startled him.

"Cheng ...... Professor Cheng, aren't you leaving?"

"Open the door and I'll see where you've studied." Cheng Nuo knocked on the porthole and deliberately put on a very angry look: "You haven't slept so late, and you won't let me come back to see if you're gone?"

"Good...... Okay, Professor Cheng, please come in." Wang Tiehammer shrank his head, quickly opened the door, and turned half of his body to the side.

It is also strange to say that before he got on the boat, Wang Tiezhu thought that there was only one person in the world, and that was his wife.

But after meeting Cheng Nuo, the old lady had to add another person behind her.

Don't look at the other party's smile all day long, but in fact, the other party has a power that is not angry and self-threatening.

In addition, it is indeed his own loss now, and Wang Tiezhu's heart is called a worry.

Before Cheng Nuo could ask, he took the initiative to say, "Professor Cheng, is it my mother-in-law who is looking for you to complain, needless to say, I know that it is him, and I will definitely find her to settle the account when I go back......

Cheng Nuo's face turned pale: "What's the matter, are you still going to be polite to others?" Tell you, people are willing to come out of their hometown and return to China with us, it takes a lot of effort, if you dare to be polite to others, see how I clean you up."

Wang Tiehammer suddenly showed bitterness: "How dare I do this, don't look at my mother-in-law's thin and thin mother-in-law, she is actually doing the work of carrying shells, and the strength on her body is greater than mine, if you really want to move, he will beat me."

Cheng Nuo smiled: "Then what is the matter with the reckoning you just said?"

Wang Tiehammer scratched the back of his head: "Just go back and tell her, let her come over and help me, if she is busy, she won't trouble me, it's really not okay to kneel down with her, and we can't delay our big event!"

Cheng Nuo waved his hand: "Okay, okay, let me tell you the truth, your daughter-in-law not only didn't complain to me, but also covered for you, if I didn't happen to pass over here today, I would have really been brought over by you and your husband and wife."

Wang Tiezhu's face was red and white, thinking of letting his wife stay alone in the empty room as soon as he got married, the other party not only did not complain, but also took the initiative to help him do so many things, and his eyes suddenly turned red: "It's me who is sorry for him......

"That's right, you have to take care of your family and career." Cheng Nuo patted Wang Tiehammer's shoulder and comforted.

Wang Tiezhu nodded solemnly: "Professor Cheng's words, I must remember them carefully."

"It's not enough to remember, you have to do it." Cheng Nuo raised his eyebrows, glanced at the documents that had just been spread out on the table, and became interested: "Tell me about the progress you have made in working overtime for so long in private?"

Speaking of what he was good at, Wang Tiezhu's face showed a long-lost confidence: "Professor Cheng, the steel plate technology you provided is really amazing, don't look at it is all carburizing method, it is much stronger than Harvey Gang, who I took over in France."

Cheng Nuo was curious: "What kind of powerful method?"

Bringing a few pieces of straw paper to hand, Wang Tiehammer drew directly on the paper: "Here Krupp Steel uses the "gas cementing" process, not to mention the use of only a small amount of chromium and manganese, gas carburizing and high-pressure water spray hardening steel plates.

In fact, it outperforms the best Harvey steel armor, and the 5.75-inch-thick Kpiebo armor is as strong as the 7.75-inch-thick Harvey armor."

Cheng Nuo knew that Krupp steel was more powerful, and the battleships built in the early years of French and Italian research and development used Krupp armor, and now Harvey steel armor only has a market in the United States, and it can be seen that each other's advantages and disadvantages are superior.

Even so, he did not expect that Krupp's advantage would be so great.

"The performance is so superior?" Cheng Nuo was surprised.

"Its potential doesn't stop there, if it's done with good workmanship, it's not even weaker than a 12-inch thick all-steel plate, a 12-inch thick steel mixed armor, or a 15-inch wrought iron plate." Wang Tiehammer blurted out, but thinking that these data were too shocking, he added: "The data is all written on the file, but in my experience, the probability of the data being true is very high."

The earliest period of the development of naval armor can be traced back to the era of cold weapons, when the Eastern turtle ship and the Western ramming ship became the pioneers of warship armor protection.

However, due to the lack of protection in the early days, early ships were still designed with spikes or covered skin to resist foreign guns.

Moreover, the materials of early ships were generally made of wood, which was easily broken through by the enemy's cold weapons or gunpowder.

With the development of technology, the first all-steel battleship appeared, the "Royal Monarch", which later became a model for the design of battleships in various countries, and since then, battleships have generally adopted steel hulls.

The United States then used Harvey steel on ships, and the use of this new type of steel greatly increased the battleship's resistance to strikes.

It is in this context that Germany will also discover a better protective material than Harvey steel in the near future - Krupp steel, which is the steel technology obtained by Chengnuo.

To be on the safe side, Cheng Nuo asked again: "Because of the movement of ships on the surface of the sea, we have to consider the power of naval guns, armor protection, speed and displacement in the design, these elements are the four major elements recognized by various countries in the construction of battleships, can Krupp Steel meet the requirements?"

After thinking about it, Wang Tiehammer replied: "I think this armor material can replace the original homogeneous steel target plate in China, which can not only reduce the weight of the ship's armor, but also reduce the displacement of the battleship, and also improve the speed and endurance of the ship."

Cheng Nuo nodded: "The design ideas at home and abroad on improving the protection capability of ships are all about continuously improving and improving the armor protection of ships, whether it is to change the traditional steel armor materials through composite materials, or to improve the anti-invasion ability of armor by changing the structure of the ship's armor.

It takes a lot of technical accumulation, and mastering Krupp steel is the beginning of our change."

Wang Tiehammer nodded seriously: "Okay, when I finish mastering it,

I will definitely pass on my experience to everyone."

"Come on, but the body still comes first." Cheng Nuo patted Wang Tiezhu's shoulder again as an encouragement.

However, while looking through the drawings, Cheng Nuo suddenly found that the materials were halfway through the calculation of some key data and gave up, which made Cheng Nuo puzzled, pointing to one of them and asking, "Iron Hammer, why didn't this formula continue to be calculated?"

Originally, it was just a very common question, but Wang Tiehammer's performance was very strange, and he hesitated for a long time before he was embarrassed to say, "I will only count that step, and the rest will not be."

"No, I'll look behind...... Also, it is not easy for you to master so much material knowledge in such a short period of time, and it is indeed a bit difficult for you to learn mathematics." Cheng Nuo was halfway through his words, and suddenly realized that the other party was just a peasant who couldn't read a single word before he came to France.

Nowadays, it is already very powerful to talk about new materials, and it is a bit unreasonable to ask for something else.

However, it is a bit unreasonable to think that as a professor of mathematics and a cadre who studies steel materials, he is actually a layman.

After thinking about it, Cheng Nuo said neatly: "In this way, in the future, you will spare two hours of time every day to study mathematics with me and lay a good foundation for you."

Thinking about the pain caused by studying mathematics at the beginning, Wang Tiezhu's face showed a hint of fear: "Professor Cheng, I still have a daughter-in-law at home waiting for me to warm the bed......

"At this time, I remembered that I had a daughter-in-law, why did I go earlier?" Cheng Nuole said: "After learning mathematics in the future, I will personally escort you back to rest, and everything is in vain if your body collapses."

"Okay, Professor Cheng, what you said is that I will do whatever I want...... Seeing that things cannot be violated, Wang Tiehammer has no choice but to accept it.

To Cheng Nuo's surprise, although Wang Tiezhu complained bitterly, he actually studied harder than anyone else.

Although what Cheng Nuo talked about is relatively basic, it does not mean that there is no threshold.

But when I got to Wang Tiezhu, it seemed that I could learn it as soon as I learned it, and I could use it skillfully the next day, and I could draw inferences from the third one, and the progress was very fast.

Cheng Nuo also had to sigh that what these Chinese workers lacked was not hard work and talent, but opportunities.

But the closer he got to home, the more timid Wang Tiehammer became.

Seeing that Wang Tiehammer really had no intention of taking math class, Cheng Nuo simply stopped the class and said with concern, "What's the matter, are you homesick and timid?"

"It's a bit of that meaning, I'm afraid that my father won't recognize me, and I'm afraid that I'll be away from home for so long, I don't know what happened to my father and mother......" After hesitating, Wang Tiehammer said.

Cheng Nuo comforted: "This truth was said by the ancestors many years ago, parents are not far away, there must be a way to travel, and after returning to China, take good care of the second elder."

Wang Tiehammer nodded: "Actually, I am still worried about a problem, that is, the steel technology we are studying is too advanced, and there is no foundation in China, if we build a factory independently, the cycle is too long, the cost is too high, I am afraid that we will not be able to eat."

Cheng Nuo smiled: "I have already thought about what you said, and I have thought of a solution? You don't even have to look for a partner, they just send it to your door."

Wang Tiehammer was surprised: "Is there still a deal that is sent to the door on its own initiative?"

Cheng Nuonunu mouthed: "This is natural, you can study with peace of mind, there is definitely a place for you in the back, and when the time comes, you will have a good fight with our Academy of Sciences."

Although I was very curious about what Cheng Nuo was planning, seeing that he was reluctant to say it, it must have been time before he should say it, so he couldn't ask why he took the initiative to ask.

With his heart in his stomach, Wang Tiehammer said, "Okay, let's not steam steamed buns to fight for breath, Professor Cheng, you can see it."

In fact, on the whole, there are only a few "Qin Erye" who dare to develop machinery and heavy industry in front.

China was an agrarian country at the beginning of the 20th century, and its comparative advantage in early industrialization lay in traditional industries such as silk and tea, as well as mass consumption-oriented light industries such as cotton textiles, which made it difficult for heavy industries such as machinery to develop in a "natural order".

The support given by the Beiyang government for the machinery industry is also quite weak.

It has never realized the strategic importance of the machinery industry, and the industries it focuses on supporting are mainly light industry and handicraft industry.

The same situation also happened in our neighbor Japan, during the First World War, the development of Japan's machinery industry also encountered the dilemma of the embargo of raw materials from Europe and the United States, similar to China's Qiuxin, Yangzi and other factories, and the Mitsubishi Nagasaki Shipyard also expanded to the steel industry.

But by the time Mitsubishi's Nagasaki Steel Works was built, the First World War had already ended, which undoubtedly put a lot of pressure on Mitsubishi.

However, the expansion plan of the "88th Fleet" of the Japanese Navy has made Mitsubishi's income rebound, and the overall machinery industry has made great strides forward.

Similar, vastly disparate endpoints.

I have to say it's a pity.

"The development of an industry is inseparable from the support of national policies.

Especially some shipyards with special backgrounds, it is estimated that because of the problem of steel plate materials, they are already anxious like ants on a hot pot - turn around."

Looking at the looming horizon, Cheng Nuo muttered to himself.