Chang Xian looked at the album on the desk with some blankness.

Album in two.

Unlike other objects, the album appears to have been stained with the color of the baggage, with large areas of pale blue on the crumpled paper.

There are also large or small sporadic spots, so that the original muddy rice paper loses a lot, thanks to the rice paper is a thick sandwich Xuan, and it is properly kept, there are no insects to eat rat bites, and the condition is quite complete.

This is the hanging word that Yuan Hanyun sold back then.

It is likely that Yuan Hanyun wrote this hanging word by hand and asked the boy around him to take it to the newspaper, and later the boy carefully preserved the original manuscript.

"Traveling south in March, detaining the late sea, the lonely place on the first floor, the bag is sluggish, has laughed at the pawn, more sorrowful and easy, the clumsy book can be stubborn, a plug Fu comes, with self-deference, talk about the will survive. Scab chasing the smell, or there are other people, twenty days, after the practice, the other person who asks, can wait immediately.

Screens, vertical banners, and banners are two yuan per foot for the whole paper, and one yuan per square foot for half paper. The folding fan is six yuan per piece, and it is not negotiable if it is too large or too small. All of the above are based on the line of books as the rate, the seal is straight, the Kai, the subordinate is added half, and the point is not negotiable. Moisten first and then book, relatives and friends halved, and the ink grinding fee is increased by one percent. ”

Not to mention how the calligraphy attainments, just reading this text, I feel that there is both the spirit of the clouds, and the spring stone embrace, the style of celebrities, although a hundred years has not been slightly reduced.

Selling calligraphy and painting, from the Han Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties, has existed in ancient times.

Zheng Banqiao's most famous calligraphy works, except for "rare and confused", are his hanging words, but in comparison, Zheng Banqiao and his ilk seem vulgar and ugly.

Looking at Yuan Hanyun's calligraphy, playing with Tian Huang Xiaoyin, often looking leisurely, remembering that the ancients had "the next pen will make a thousand autumns", he took care of this small side of the study, and also wrote a banner under the lamp in front of the bottle: "The man who is the master of heaven and earth, the reverse journey of all things; Those who have passed through time have passed by for hundreds of generations. And floating like a dream, for joy? ”

The words are similar to the penmanship of Young Master Yang's "Leek Flower Post", and the distance between the words and the lines is extremely far, but they are looking forward to the same, sparse and calm.

On the waist on the right side of the banner, another idle medal was added, adding two more points of gold and stone.

Ask the scholar in the depths of the cold clouds.

………… Divide............ World............ Line............

The literati sell words, and this story line is very long.

It has nothing to do with this book, but I would like to talk about it a little more.

In the Han Dynasty, printing had not yet been invented, and books were mainly copied, so there was a profession called "helper" for getting paid for copying books.

At that time, many later famous people had the experience of "helping".

For example, Ban Chao, who contributed to the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Western Regions, relied on this to support his family when he was young.

To make a fortune with "maid books", Wang Pu, the ancestor of the book saint Wang Xizhi, is the first to be recommended.

It is recorded in the book "Taiping Yulan": When Emperor An, Wang Pu "had no money and was not allowed to work." It is a bamboo slip, and a pen is used to help the book of Luoyang City.

He is a beautiful man with a beautiful appearance, and many words, and he who writes books, her husband gives her clothes and crowns, and her woman leaves her gold and jade.

In one day, Yi Baoying returned home. Jisu ten, nine clan relatives, all rely on its food and clothing, Luoyang is called good and rich.

Later, 'Pu lost the official with 100 million dollars and won the lieutenant of the middle base'.

This is truly an enviable story!

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it developed to make money in the name of calligraphy.

Wei Heng of the Western Jin Dynasty recorded in his "Four-Body Book" that the Eastern Han Dynasty Shi Yiguan "sometimes did not hold money to drink at home, because of the book wall, the viewer was rewarded with the value of the wine, and the money was enough to extinguish." ”

The meaning of this passage is that Shi Yiguan is good at wine, but sometimes he goes to the restaurant without money, but on the live book wall, and the viewer wants to collect money, and when the money is enough, he will destroy the handwriting.

This kind of scene is very camera-like, vivid and interesting, and this kind of book wall is a bit similar to the current bar-resident singer singing performance.

Calligraphy turned out to be a performing art in those days!

This can also be witnessed from Du Fu's poem describing Zhang Xu's cursive writing: "Zhang Xu's three cups of grass holy biography, taking off his hat and revealing his crown in front of the prince, waving the paper like a cloud of smoke. ”

Coincidentally, the "Cursive Song of the Master Huaisu" written by Dou Ji, who was also from the Tang Dynasty, is even more colorful.

"There are dozens of corridors in Tang Fanbi, and I am happy to be open-minded. The young and the old are gathered, virtuous and heroic, and the pillow is half drunk. Suddenly, there were three or five screams, and the walls were full of tens of millions of words. ”

By the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Buddhism was prevalent, and copying scriptures became a profession.

At that time, there was a person named Liu Fang who often copied the scriptures, and his "handwriting was good, and the volume was straight to a thread, and more than 100 horses could be entered in the middle of the year." ”

As for Wang Xizhi's copy of "Huang Tingjing" for a goose, the story of exchanging money for the old woman's book fan cannot be completely regarded as a legend.

Emperor Song and Ming Dynasty collected 127 volumes of Wang Xi's book, most of which are letters, but there are two volumes of "fan books", which can also prove that Wang Xi's book fan exists.

Then there is Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy loved by the world, many people collect, so his student Yang Xin, that is, the author of "Cai Gu Lai Neng Shu Name", he often imitates Wang Xianzhi's works to sell, so there is such a saying at that time: "Buy the king and get the sheep, do not lose hope."

It seems that at that time there was already a precedent for students to fake their teachers' work!

By the Tang Dynasty, the market for calligraphy had developed even more, and the two richest men in the calligraphy world at that time were Li Yong and Liu Gongquan, who made their fortunes by writing inscriptions for high-ranking officials and wealthy people.

Li Yong's calligraphy, people "ask for its words with a lot of gold silk"; Liu Gongquan's calligraphy income is calculated based on "huge thousands of years old"!

By the Song Dynasty, the trade in calligraphy works had become a regular commercial activity.

For example, there are written records that show that the works of Shen Chuanshi in the Tang Dynasty were "sold for tens of thousands of dollars in complete copies" in the Song Dynasty, and Su Dongpo's calligraphy was "worth 10,000 yuan on a piece of paper" shortly after his death.

This price was completely beyond his own estimates, and he once wrote very confidently on the back of one of his proud works: "The next five hundred years are worth a hundred gold."

The most active calligraphy market in the Song Dynasty is not Su Dongpo, but Mi Fu Mi Xiangyang!

Many of his letters, which are now regarded as canonical texts, reveal his experience of buying and selling calligraphy works at a glance: some are calculating, some are ingenious, some are bankrupt, some are overjoyed, and some are stunned...... There are too many stories, and I will cite two as examples:

Wang Xizhi's true handiwork "Wang Luo Post" that is, "Broken Qiang Post", Mi Fu took a fancy to it, and found out that this post was in Su Zhichun's hands, but the official is big, not short of money, Mi Fu does not give up, soft grinding hard soaked for several years failed to do so.

I don't want Su Zhichun to die in a blink of an eye, the opportunity has come.

But fate once again made a big joke on Mi Fu, at this juncture, Mi Fu was sent by the imperial court to the western capital on a business trip.

During this period, the clan Zhao Zhongzhan bought the "Wang Luo Ti" from Su Zhichun's wife, it is said that when one hand paid the money and one hand delivered, Su Zhichun's wife still felt sorry for Mi Fu, saying that this work was originally intended to be transferred to Mi Fu when Su was alive.

Unexpectedly, Zhao Zhongzhan was a person from a big family after all, so he immediately replied: "Rice is also married, that is, if you take it for 150,000 yuan, you will return it to rice." ”

Mi Fu came back from a business trip, heard this letter, immediately raised 150,000, and finally this heart of Wang Xizhi's "Wang Luo" please go home.

Mi Fu's "suitable post" clearly describes this process: "One hundred and fifty thousand, and Zongzheng for Su's "Wang Luo Ti", obtained. The records of Liang and Tang Imperial Palaces are complete. Huang Mige knows it, and he can ask it. Life is expensive and suitable, my friends look at a jade grid, fifteen years do not start, once the light of the universe, towering to the front, go to a hundred pieces of paper, know his authenticity, and each is enough, fortunately! If Mi Jun is the first to dew, I will be stingy, and Wanjin will not come out. Fu Dun head. ”

In July of the second year of Yuanyou (1087), Mi Fu and Dr. Taixue Wang Lianzhi visited Renzong Li Wei together, and saw the "Jin Xian Fourteen Posts" for the first time in Mi Fu's house.

Among the 14 Jin people's legal posts, there are "Jin Wu Emperor Post" and "Wang Rong Post", etc., and there are Tang Xuanzong Imperial Mansion collected "Xie An Post", which is even more amazing to Mi Fu.

15 years later, Li Wei passed away, "Xie Anti" fell into the hands of Prime Minister Cai Jing, and then purchased by Mi Fu, Mi Fu's ruler "Li Taishi Ti", the account of this matter.

Mi Fu in his later years, because of the receipt of Wang Xizhi's "Wang Luo", Xie An's "August 5th Post", Wang Xianzhi's "December Post", as well as Gu Kaizhi's "Net Name Heavenly Maiden", Dai Kui's "Guanyin" and several extremely precious Jin calligraphy and paintings, he named his study after "Bao Jin Zhai".

The mainstream of the real transaction of the works of calligraphers of this dynasty was not completed until the Ming Dynasty, and the sale of calligraphy works before was mainly the works of calligraphers of the previous dynasty or earlier, such as the Wei and Jin dynasties.

In the Ming Dynasty, the society took "'no Tibetan characters at home, not an old family'" as the fashion, a famous family of authentic works hung on the wall, and the value of the owner of the family doubled.

After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the first people in the market were Shen Zhou, Wen Zhengming, Tang Yin, Qiu Ying, Zhu Yunming and others.

Tang Yin and Tang Bohu, who has the first talent in the south of the Yangtze River, have long made a living by selling calligraphy and paintings, and even when he wrote an epitaph for his childhood friend Liu Jia, he still had to get a considerable amount of pen polishing fees.

Yuan Hongdao tried to make fun of him: "Zi Weiyuan doesn't know the text, Zhiming is especially not the director, and there is no shortage of seekers, I want Bai Xue has no power, and gold has a life, smile and smile." ”

Zhu Yunming is "the book of the inner request, the door of the coin, and the resignation"; As the boss of Wumen, Shen Zhou has long been "noisy in the world, soliciting too much and not having time to give." ”

In the era of Wen Zhengming, Suzhou's economic life was extremely prosperous. ”

The transaction price of Wen Zhengming's calligraphy works is much higher than that of Shen Zhou's lifetime, especially in his later years, "virtue is respected, Haiyu admires, and he is suspicious of Su Mountain, and he is noisy". There has been a phenomenon of counterfeiting of "inch drawings are out, thousands of copies are made, family collections are sold on the market, and the authenticity is vertical and horizontal".

During this period, the forgery of calligraphy and painting was extremely prominent, and the forgers who copied the works of contemporary masters could obtain a lot of income. ”

In the antique shop, there is a term called "Suzhou film", which started here.

When the Ming and Qing dynasties changed, Fu Shan and Fu Qing, the national heroes who opposed the Qing Dynasty and restored the Ming Dynasty, were poor and the economy was in an embarrassment.

And Fu Shan has been famous all over the world during the Ming Dynasty, especially in his hometown of Shanxi, if you can hang a piece of Fu Shan's calligraphy at home, it will be honored.

So the merchants of Shanxi, or some local squires who could afford to buy Fu Shan's characters but whose cultural attainment was not so high, came to buy Fu Shan's characters.

But these people often asked Fu Shan to write in person to ensure that the works they bought were not ghostwriters.

This made Fu Shan very uncomfortable, Fu Shan said that he was often "forced by vulgar things" and waved on the spot.

He also said: "Because of the difficulty of not having a loan, I ordered the old man to serve." Mortals come, and there are many who are disloyal."

He also once laughed at himself: "There are useless old people living in the West Village, and people come in a flock, not for prescriptions, but for writers." The old man doesn't know how many people he has killed and how many silk fans he has dirty, and this generation can be said to be not life-loving, money-sparing, and stupid. ”

It can be seen that Fu Shan's inner contradiction and helplessness about selling words, but for the sake of "rice and grain", he had to write about taking people's money.

In the third generation of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, the active center of the economy shifted to Yangzhou, so the famous calligraphers and painters of the whole country gathered here to seek a living, which is represented by the Yangzhou Eight Monsters.

After Zheng Banqiao was dismissed, he sold calligraphy and paintings in Yangzhou for a living.

He once wrote a "proclamation for selling paintings": "Six taels for a large format, four taels for a medium format, two taels for a small one, one tael for banners and couplets, and five dollars for fans and buckets." It is better to give gifts and food than silver. What is given by the public may not be what the younger brother likes. Giving cash is a joy in the heart. Calligraphy and painting are good, gifts are entangled, and credit is especially relevant. Old and tired, can not accompany the gentleman to make useless language, painting bamboo more than buying bamboo money, the paper is six feet high and costs three thousand. Ren Qu talks about the handover of the old theory, only when the autumn breeze passes through his ears. ”

Then to the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, Qi Baishi, Zhang Daqian, Wu Changshuo, Kang Youwei, Huang Binhong, Wu Hufan, Shen Yinmo, Bai Jiao, Liang Qichao ......, there were many scholars and calligraphers who sold words, such as the carp that crossed the river.

Even Lu Xun, who was not famous for his calligraphy at that time, was not exempt from vulgarity.

Reading the manuscript of Lu Xun's letter, he wrote a letter to Masuda on January 25, 1935, saying: "If the writing is not too clumsy, it will not be troublesome" and agreed to write for the people of Masuda's generation.

On April 30 of the same year, he wrote to the same people: "My words are worth five yuan, which is really funny. ”

Selling calligraphy and painting was the last means of livelihood for the literati, and now, there is no more soil for making a living.

Of course, it is also because there are no more literati.