763 Liu Bei began to reform
For this kind of extravagant trouble, Liu Bei was happy.
However, he knew that this was only temporary, because the power of the conservatives of the paleoliterary school was limited, and the target groups of liquidation were limited and not large, so they would feel extremely relaxed.
When the Dutian operation was in full swing and the landlords rebelled one after another, they knew what it meant to be exhausted.
Sometimes, the enemy is not strong, but many, the so-called ants bite more elephants, the number of this should be more, even if you can win, you will be tired and half dead.
But let them Versailles for now.
Their Versailles also fundamentally established Liu Bei's position as the newly enthroned emperor.
As we all know, the emperor is a strong soldier.
Although this truth is not recognized by everyone now, and it is not as harsh and true as it was said during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the truth is the truth and cannot be changed by external objects.
Liu Bei is the strongest person in the world, in the past, now, and in the future, he used a liquidation action to consolidate his position, and by the way, let the whole world know the fact that he ascended the throne.
For more than three months, all the surviving governors, county governors, and county magistrates of the entire Han Empire congratulated Liu Bei on his ascension to the throne, recognized his status, and pledged allegiance to him.
Those who did not admit it were all dead, or had fled, and their lives and deaths were unknown.
Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and other old brothers were overjoyed, and they wrote letters one after another to say that they wanted to go back to Luoyang to celebrate Liu Bei, but Liu Bei stopped them with important official duties and promised them to allow them to come back to report on their work during the New Year, and then everyone drank together to celebrate.
This partial liquidation operation can also be regarded as a war, a war in which Liu Bei proved his strength.
After the war, Liu Bei proved his "legitimacy" as emperor, so from the middle of September of the fifth year of Jian'an, Liu Bei began to launch political actions in Luoyang.
The calm of the first three months does not mean that nothing will happen, and no one can stop Liu Bei's upcoming political reforms, and he wants to carry out a reorganization of the Luoyang court according to his own ideas, straighten out the institutions of the entire court, and officially announce the establishment of the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty.
The central political structure of the Second Han Empire was based on the system of three princes and nine secretaries as the surface, with Shangshutai controlling the overall situation and the emperor's dictatorship as the foundation.
In the more than 190 years of history of the Eastern Han Empire, this institution constantly competed for power and profit with the Three Princes and Nine Secretaries, backed by the emperor to seize a considerable part of the power of the Three Princes and Nine Secretaries, and in fact became the administrative center of the Han Empire.
And it is also in Shangshutai, in the process of continuous political evolution, that the six-part system of the descendants of the official household, the soldiers, and the criminal work of the descendants appeared in the prototype, that is, the system of dividing Cao to do things, and in the period of Emperor Liu Hong of the Han Dynasty, the title of "ministry" also appeared for the first time.
Liu Bei set up six departments in the General's Mansion to handle government affairs, divided major national affairs into six departments to deal with them comprehensively, carried out substantive political reform and political practice, and operated this system for a period of time, achieving good results.
Therefore, in mid-to-late September of the fifth year of Jian'an, Liu Bei officially issued an edict, announcing that he would reform the central institutions of the Luoyang court.
On the premise of retaining the name of the Three Princes and Nine Secretaries, the six institutions that originally belonged to the General's Mansion were straightened and replaced by Shangshutai and became an important central institution for the imperial court to handle affairs.
In the six-ministry system, Liu Bei separately removed agricultural and land affairs from the household department, set up another agricultural department, and removed education affairs from the Ministry of Rites, and then set up a school department.
Therefore, the six ministries were changed to eight ministries, with the eight ministries of officials, the Ministry of Rites, the Ministry of Law, the Ministry of Military, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Households, the Ministry of Agriculture, and the Ministry of Education as the core, and the specific administrative departments under the jurisdiction of the eight ministries as the main body, and reconstructed the central administrative system.
In addition, the original central power organs will be abolished and integrated, and some departments that do not need to exist will be abolished, or split into eight ministries, so as to streamline personnel and organs.
Although the political structure of the Eastern Han Dynasty was based on the structure of the Three Princes and Nine Secretaries in name and had no actual power, it was not completely meaningless that the three dukes had quite a lot of functional institutions in the government.
For example, the West Cao, East Cao, Hu Cao, Song Cao, Jin Cao, etc., all have their own functions and responsibilities, and there are also relevant officials, but they are restricted by Shangshutai when doing things, and Taiwei himself does not have the actual control power over Zhu Cao.
The functions have a team and the personnel are neat, but the leader has no control power, and the subordinates are actually not under the command of the top boss, and the control power is often in the Shangshutai directly under the emperor.
Therefore, although Shang Shutai has a lot of power, these functional departments still exist, and the dignity of the three princes still exists.
In Liu Bei's reform plan, the three princes of Situ Sikong and Taiwei are only themselves, and there are no other functional departments.
They are just a bare-bones commander, a high-ranking official, and enjoy very rich financial support, and that's it.
Liu Bei has no intention of paying any expenses for the face project of the Three Princes, and all their subordinates and functional institutions will be abolished and merged into the Eight Ministries according to different attributes, so as to enrich the institutional personnel of the Eight Ministries.
Taichang, Guangluxun, Weiwei, Taifu, Tingwei, Dahonglu, Zongzheng, Dasi Nong, Shaofu and other Jiuqing, Liu Bei also planned to make adjustments to them.
The responsibilities of Taichang mainly belong to the Ministry of Rites and the School Division, so all the subordinate officials and all functions of the position of Taichang will be merged into the Ministry of Rites and the School Department.
Guangluxun and Weiwei are mainly responsible for palace guards, which is the duty to protect the safety of the emperor himself, and by the way, Guangluqing also has a little bit of the meaning of cultivating reserve officials and making friends with the children of nobles, this authority is more sensitive, so Liu Bei also decided to split their powers.
In terms of palace guards, all the guard functions will be uniformly set up to be in charge, and the Praetorian Guard will be expanded with the Tiger Guard as the core to protect the emperor and the palace in peacetime.
During special periods, such as when the emperor drove the expedition in person, he also needed to go on the expedition with the emperor, and when he needed to boost morale, the Praetorian Guard could also go on behalf of the emperor.
And Guangluxun's own function of cultivating reserve officials will be included in the Ministry of Officials, and Guangluxun will no longer be in charge.
All the subordinate officers of Guangluxun and Wei Wei were abolished, and only these two positions were left, and nothing was left except glory and official duties.
The servant is a bit of the general manager of the Ministry of Works, and was once responsible for raising horses, but later the powers became more and more blurred, Liu Bei decided to take all the powers of the servant into the Ministry of Industry, and the servant was left with only himself.
Naturally, the powers held by Tingwei were also merged into the Ministry of Justice by Liu Bei, and all subordinate officials were abolished, leaving only himself.
As for the position of Da Honglu, Liu Bei decided to keep it.
The Ministry of Rites has a part of the authority of the Great Honglu, but the Great Honglu is also specifically responsible for external affairs, especially at present, this Great Honglu is assumed by Dong Zhuo, specializing in the development of the Western Regions, which is an important national policy of the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty in the future.
Therefore, Liu Bei planned to use Dahonglu as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, transfer its internal functions and powers to the Ministry of Rites, and reserve its external powers to Dahonglu.
Needless to say, Zongzheng is also retained, this is a management position specifically for the royal family, the royal family, and the Han clan, Liu Bei is ready to carry out a wave of operations on the Han clan group after this, Zongzheng's position is very important, and the authority is retained.
Dasi Nong is simpler, all functions and powers are merged into the Ministry of Household and the Ministry of Agriculture, and all subordinate officials are abolished, and only he is left.
There is also Shaofu, because it controls the emperor's private money bag, which plays a major role in the special period, so Liu Bei decided to keep Shaofu and manage his own money bag.
Moreover, in the new period, Liu Bei decided to hand over the management authority of eunuchs, palace maids, and central kitchens to Shaofu, making Shaofu a serious royal butler and managing all daily life affairs within the palace.
It's just that when it comes to the specific operation of the inner palace, the Shaofu needs to ask the queen for instructions and get the queen's permission before it can operate.
As a result, the three princes and nine ministers of the Third Han Empire, only Da Honglu, Zongzheng and Shaofu retained their powers and still exercised some or all of their powers, and the remaining nine positions were left only by themselves, without any subordinate officials and powers, purely glory and mascots.
Of course, the payment of money and welfare is a glorious position that only takes money and does not do anything, and is specially used to provide for the old officials, which is very meaningful for some people who have no ambition and just want to eat and wait for death.
In addition, during Liu Bei's reign as a general, there were also some other departmental positions that played a major role.
For example, Zhi Jinwu, who once held a glorious position and later became the captain of the firefighting brigade, was given the authority of a military court judge by Liu Bei to manage the army's military law enforcement and interpretation of military law, and Liu Bei decided to retain this position.
The military discipline of the military not only needs to be controlled within the army, but it is also very necessary to set up a military tribunal to deter it externally, and more deeply, the establishment of military tribunals can effectively prevent the civilian government from interfering in the internal affairs of the army.
Liu Bei didn't want a group of civilian officials with no war experience to stick their hands in the army and mess around, that would only make the army's combat effectiveness drop rapidly.
In addition, the highest supervision official in the Sili area, in Liu Bei's view, no longer has much significance in the new era.
Originally, Tingwei, Sili Xiaowei and Yushi Dafu became the three important judicial governors of the Han Dynasty, and the significance of Sili Xiaowei's existence was also related to the tendency of local county-state separation in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the special status of the Sanhe and Sanfu regions.
In the Third Han Empire, led by Liu Bei, he had decided to settle the Sili region as a formal administrative region, and he wanted to promote a policy of regional equality throughout the country, focusing on eliminating official discrimination between regions.
Therefore, the special existence of Si Li's school captain in this special period is meaningless in the blueprint planned by Liu Bei.
The Sili area will officially become a local administrative region, and the Sili area will also have a special chief executive, so the Sili school lieutenant can be abolished, but the authority of the Sili school captain and the 1,500 skilled Zhongdu officials and apprentices cannot disappear.
They will all be merged into the Goshidai and become part of the Goshidai.
In the Third Han Empire, the Ministry of Law, the Imperial Historical Observatory, and the newly established Zhongshutai of the Eight Ministries became the new and three legal divisions of the Han Dynasty – the Ministry of Justice was responsible for justice, the Imperial Historical Observatory was responsible for supervision, and the Zhongshutai was responsible for law enforcement.
The power of the most important legislation is carried out by the joint meeting of the emperor and the three legal divisions, in which the emperor cannot be absent.
In addition, Liu Bei abolished the General's Mansion and the Hussar General's Mansion.
He didn't like the unspoken rule of the double monarch, so in the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty, he mainly wanted to fight against this unspoken rule, so the first thing to do was the palace of the three princes and the general mansion of the two generals.
In this way, the five central government offices, the Three Princes' Mansion, the Great General's Mansion, and the Hussar General's Mansion, which could legally recruit national officials and build their own political networks, were all abolished, and all their meanings were merged into the eight-ministry system.
Now is not the time, after the situation is completely settled, Liu Bei will announce that the matter of high-ranking officials opening the mansion will no longer be possible.
He would even restrict the power of the state assassin and the county taishou to open the government, and make a certain degree of adjustment, so that the unspoken rule of the dual monarch did not have any market in the Third Empire of the Han Dynasty, and gradually disappeared.
Finally, because Liu Bei inherited the fine tradition of the Second Han Empire - not to be the prime minister, but to directly take charge of the eight ministries as the emperor, this will make the pressure on the emperor very huge.
Therefore, Liu Bei decided to reorganize Shangshutai, absorb some of the officials who entered the general's palace, and change Shangshutai into the cabinet, making it the emperor's private secretary department, assisting the emperor in handling daily government affairs, and becoming an important place for the emperor to cultivate young and close ministers.
As a result, the reform of the central power structure of the Third Han Empire was completed in Liu Bei's blueprint.
Although the system of three princes and nine secretaries still exists, it has actually become history, and the central government respects the emperor, and under the emperor, it is directly subordinate to the eight departments of military law, industry and agriculture.
The Ministry of Officials is responsible for the assessment, selection, promotion and demotion of officials.
The Ministry of Household Affairs is responsible for the country's population and financial affairs.
The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for land and agricultural affairs throughout the country.
The Ministry of Rites is responsible for the national ceremonial planning and ritual affairs.
The Faculty is responsible for national education affairs.
The military department is responsible for the logistics management of the army.
The Ministry of Justice is responsible for the implementation of the Han Law and the administration of justice.
The Ministry of Industry is responsible for the affairs of construction projects nationwide.
In addition to the eight ministries, there are other permanent central departments.
The Imperial Historical Observatory, which is responsible for supervising officials.
Zhongshutai is responsible for the management of national soldiers and daily law enforcement affairs in counties across the country.
Da Honglu, in charge of foreign affairs.
Zhijingo, in charge of the military court, is in charge of military justice.
Zongzheng is responsible for the management of the affairs of the royal family, the royal family, and the Han family.
Shaofu was responsible for the management of the emperor's personal money bag, palace servants, and central kitchen.
The Cabinet, the Emperor's personal secretarial department, assists the Emperor in handling government affairs.
At this point, the construction of the administrative and judicial aspects was completed by Liu Bei, and the work of the Luoyang Imperial Court for the next period of time was to rebuild the central system according to Liu Bei's requirements.
(End of chapter)