However, it is said that one day in the early dynasty, Huang Sheng and Yuan Gusheng discussed the story of the "Tangwu Revolution" in the court. Among them, Huang Sheng is the opponent debater, and Yuan Gusheng is the positive debater. In the end, it seemed that Yuan Gusheng won, but in fact, neither of them won.

According to the "Historical Records", Huang Sheng believed that Tang Wu was not ordered, but usurped, and he said: "Tang and Wu were not ordered, but killed." ”

To this, Yuan Gusheng retorted: "No. Fu Ji, the chaos of the world, the heart of the world are all to the soup, Wu, Tang and Wu because of the heart of the world and the punishment of the people, the people, the people of the Tang and Wu have to stand. Why not?" That is to say, Tang Fangji and King Wu are obedient to heaven and people, and they are out-and-out "revolutions", not usurpers.

But Huang Sheng was very stubborn, he said that no matter how mediocre the monarch is, he is still a monarch, and no matter how virtuous a courtier is, he is also a courtier, and he cannot overthrow the monarch, just like a hat cannot be worn on his feet no matter how torn he is, and no matter how new his shoes are, he cannot wear them on his head.

At this time, Yuan Gusheng commanded his army: "According to what you say, it shouldn't be for Gaozu to replace the Qin Dynasty?" Is it also a usurpation?"

This is a very serious question.

According to Yuan Gusheng's view, his subordinates can overthrow the monarch, so Han Gaozu's overthrow of Qin II was in accordance with the mandate of heaven, a legitimate "revolutionary" act, and had the legitimacy of the regime. But at the same time, there is also a problem, that is, since the courtiers can overthrow the monarch, the relationship between the monarch and the minister is not absolute, the courtiers can be the emperor, and the emperor may also become a courtier or even a prisoner.

According to Huang Sheng's point of view, a courtier can never overthrow the monarch, even if the emperor is mediocre, he should abide by the duty of a courtier, rather than overthrow him. He believes that the relationship between the monarch and the minister is absolute, just like the hat and the shoe, each has its own place, and it is absolutely incomprecatable. Although Huang Sheng's view is conducive to the stability of the regime, it cannot solve the problem of the legitimacy of the source of the regime.

We know that although Liu Bang became the emperor, he was a courtier of the Qin Dynasty before he became emperor. According to Huang Sheng's logic, that is, Qin II is a hat, and Liu Bang is a shoe. Although Qin II was very mediocre, Liu Bang could never overthrow the Qin Dynasty, so does it not mean that the Han Dynasty regime did not have legitimacy. Huang Sheng's view is similar to that of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, but he did not consider that this is actually a dilemma of the imperial power itself, and he alone cannot solve it.

As Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, he was both the ruler and the heir of the Han regime. Therefore, he has always shouldered a dual mission:

On the one hand, I hope that the stability of the regime will last for a long time;

On the other hand, it is hoped that the legitimacy of the regime can be consolidated.

But this is not both, so when Yuan Gusheng and Huang Sheng threw out this question, they hurriedly played a round and said: "Eating meat does not eat horse liver, and it is not because you don't know the taste; Scholars of speech do not say that Tang and Wu are ordered, and they are not foolish. Since then, the Tangwu Revolution has become a political taboo, and scholars are not allowed to discuss the matter.

But the problem was not solved. If this issue is not resolved, the legitimacy of the dynasty and the stability of imperial power will always be a problem.

However, it was said that Chao Cuo had been the prince's family order for a long time when Emperor Wen was in charge, and he was deeply trusted by Emperor Jing. Emperor Wen once personally planned virtuous and virtuous, and there were more than 100 countermeasures for a while, but Chao was wrong to take a high level, and Emperor Wen was promoted to a middle doctor. Chao Wrong and repeatedly wrote to weaken the princes to change the decree, although Emperor Wen did not obey it, Emperor Dujing thought so. After ascending the throne, he used Chao to mistake it for the left internal history. Chao Cuo knew that he was trusted by Emperor Jing, so he met Chen Shishi alone, and Emperor Jing obeyed everything he said, so there were many changes in the law. Prime Minister Shen Tujia saw that Emperor Jing believed in Chao Wrong and changed at will, and he was very opposed in his heart, and repeatedly tried to persuade Emperor Jing not to listen. Shen Tujia thought to himself that as the prime minister, his power was not as good as an internal history, and he became more and more resentful about it.

At this time, Yuan Ang had relieved himself of Wu Xiang's appointment and returned to Chang'an after illness. Yuan Ang has never liked Chao Wrong, and wherever Chao Wrong goes, Yuan Ang immediately avoided it. If Yuan Ang was there first, Chao Cuo would have walked away when he heard about it, and the two didn't know what grievances they had, and they never spoke to each other. Shen Tujia didn't like Chao Wrong, so he invited Yuan Ang as a guest, bent on finding Chao Wrong's sins, and wanted to get rid of him. It just so happens that the house where Chao Cuo lives is the temple of the Emperor Taishang, and there is a short wall outside the temple to open the door to the east, and it is very inconvenient to take a detour to enter and exit. Chao mistakenly relied on his favor and the Son of Heaven did not hear about it, so he chiseled the short wall into a gate and went in and out of the south.

When Shen Tujia heard this, he immediately ordered the officials to compose a recital, saying that he despised the emperor and should be punished for the crime of great disrespect. Who knows that the opportunity is not secret, and it is a mistake. Chao Cuo was greatly discolored, and entered the palace at night to see Emperor Jing. Emperor Jing had allowed him to do things at any time, but when he heard that he came in at night, he thought something had changed, and immediately passed it in. When Chao Wrong played the Ming Open Door incident, Emperor Jing smiled and said: "What's the matter, you can do it." Chao mistakenly heard this, and immediately kowtowed and retired.

In the early morning of the next day, Prime Minister Shen Tujia came out of the class and said that Nei Shi Chao had chiseled the wall of the Taishang Emperor's temple as a door, and he should be sent to the court to inform the law.

Emperor Jing had already heard about it, and after reading the recital, he said lightly: "What Chao is wearing is only the outer wall of the Taishang Emperor Temple, which is not damaged by the temple, and it is what I asked him to do, and he is not guilty." ”

Shen Tujia retreated without saying a word, returned to the Prime Minister's Mansion and said angrily to Changshi: "I should behead Chao Cuo first and then listen to it." The more Shen Tujia thought about it, the more angry he became, and soon vomited several liters of blood and died. Emperor Jing then took Tao Qing, the imperial historian, as the prime minister, and the internal historian Chao mistakenly became the imperial historian.

Chao was so angry that the prime minister was over-elevated, and the more he felt high-spirited, he discussed with Emperor Jing to ask for the land of the princes and kings, and the first thing should be to start from the state of Wu. The motion is as follows:

The former Gao Emperor initially set the world, the Kundi were few, the sons were weak, the big seal had the same surname, more than 70 cities of Qi, more than 40 cities of Chu, more than 50 cities of Wu, and half of the three kings had the world.

There is a gap between the prince in front of the king of Wu, the fraud is not punished by the law, Emperor Wen can't bear it, because he gives a few rods, the virtue is thick, when he reforms himself, he is arrogant, that is, the mountain casts money, boils seawater for salt, and lures the dead people in the world to plot to make trouble. I hope Your Majesty will check it.

Emperor Jing also had this idea in mind on weekdays, and he agreed very much after listening to Chao Cuo's words, but because of the importance of the matter, he asked the secretary and others to reconsider, and the public did not dare to refute it. Duzhan Dou Ying said that he couldn't do it, and Emperor Jing temporarily stopped the matter because some people disagreed.

Dou Yingzi Wang Sun, the nephew of the Empress Dowager Dou, the official is not Zhan Shi, not listed Jiuqing, but a relative of the Queen Mother, so he is not afraid of Chao Mistake and boldly fights. Of course, Chao Cuo hated Dou Ying, but because Dou Ying had internal aid, it was not easy to argue, so he had to temporarily keep Han Ren as a later picture.

In the winter and October of the third year of Emperor Jing, Liu Wu, the king of Liang, came to the dynasty. Liu Wu is the younger brother of Emperor Jing, the young son of the Empress Dowager Dou, the first king of Huaiyang, and the later king of Liang, who is most favored by the queen mother. Entering the court year after year, every time she came, the queen mother would stay in Beijing for several months before returning to China. This time King Liang came to the dynasty, Emperor Jing sent an envoy to hold the festival, and used a car and horse to go out to the suburbs to greet him. When he arrived, Liu Wu got out of the car to pay respects, and Emperor Jing immediately sat down and descended to the palace to help him up, and entered the palace hand in hand. Empress Dowager Dou loves young sons, and Emperor Jing only has this mother and brother, and his natural body is particularly preferential. The Queen Mother took her seat, Emperor Jing and Liu Wu sat left and right, and a mother and two children gathered in the same hall, and the family was happy and happy. Emperor Jing forgot his feelings after drinking, and said to his younger brother happily: "Long live Qianqiu, I am willing to pass on the throne to the king." Liu Wu was overjoyed and surprised when he heard this. Although he is humble on the surface, he is secretly happy in his heart. Empress Dowager Dou was even more relieved, and was about to say a few words to make Emperor Jing make a secret agreement, but after Dou Ying heard about it, he held a wine glass and said: "The world is the world of Emperor Gao, the law of the Han Dynasty is passed down from father to son, how can Your Majesty pass on to King Liang?" Your Majesty is speechless, please drink this wine. Emperor Jing looked at it, and also felt that he was presumptuous and should be punished, so he drank all the glass of wine. Liu Wu, the king of Liang, was angry and his face was gloomy, and the Empress Dowager Dou was even more anxious, a good good thing was interrupted by her nephew, and she was really full of depression and anger and had nowhere to go. Then he quit the table and entered unhappily. Emperor Jing also led his younger brother out of the palace. Dou Ying was very cool, took his official position very lightly, and resigned the next day. The Empress Dowager Dou was still angry, so she removed Dou Ying's family registration and refused to enter the palace to see him. Liu Wu, the king of Liang, stayed for a few days and resigned to return to China.

Dou Ying is a person who doesn't know how to use power. In fact, Emperor Jing said that it was rumored to be located in King Liang, which was a joke, and Dou Ying mistakenly thought it was a gaffe. Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty spoke nicely in front of his wife in order to make his mother happy, but he had his own set of things. Say one thing, do another, what to do, what to do, Emperor Jing is such a person. And Dou Ying is a person who doesn't know how to use power, he is stupid and takes Emperor Jing's jokes seriously.

Chao mistakenly saw that Dou Ying offended the queen mother and dismissed the official, and no one in the court dared to resist him, so he discussed it again. First find the king of Zhao Liu Sui negligently played Emperor Wen Jing and cut his Changshan County. It was also discovered that Liu Qiong, the king of Jiaoxi, was cheating on his six counties. When the king of Chu came to the court, Chao Cuo took the opportunity to say that Liu Wu, the king of Chu, secretly committed adultery when he was mourning the Empress Dowager Bo, and asked to kill him. Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty issued an edict pardoning capital crimes and reducing Donghai County as punishment instead.

Chao mistakenly saw that the land of several countries was cut, and the princes and kings did not move, thinking that they would do things smoothly, so they agreed with the ministers to cut the land of Wu.

On this day, a gray-haired old man came to Chao Cuo's house, and as soon as he entered the door, he asked Chao Cuo: "Do you want to seek death?" Chao Cuo saw that it was his father, and hurriedly ordered him to take a seat, and asked him why he came. Chao Cuo's father said: "I am in Yingchuan's home, but I also feel comfortable, I heard that you are for political purposes, and you insist on invading the princes and princes, and there are already complaints outside, what is it?" So I'm here to ask you! Chao Cuo responded: "Complaints are inevitable, but if this is not for this now, I am afraid that the Son of Heaven will not respect the temple and will not be solid." The wrong father sighed and said: "Liu's Gu'an, Chao's is in danger!" I don't want you to go. Chao Chu wanted to stay, but his father shook his head again and again. After returning to Yingchuan, the wrong father took poison and died, and said to people when he died: "I can't bear to see the disaster behind me, so it's better to find a death as soon as possible." ”

Chao Cuo didn't know that his father was dead, and when he hesitated for a long time, he always felt that he had to send an arrow, so he had to do it against his father's instructions.