When my fourth brother and I arrived at the cave on the cliff of the mountain, we were really shocked by the scene in front of us, this cave is very beautiful, it is a bit fantastic! With all kinds of beautiful stalactites, this stalactite cave is simply beautiful!

Although he is beautiful, our mood has fallen into the ice cave! Natural means that this is a natural cave, not artificially excavated, since it is not artificially excavated, it means that the possibility of a tomb in it is almost zero!

Relying on the mountain as the mausoleum, obviously than the flat ground to start the cave that seals the soil for the mausoleum anti-theft effect is much more ideal, because the mausoleum is built in the mountain, so ordinary tomb robbers are impossible to succeed. But this kind of burial method is not affordable by ordinary people, and it cannot be built, and it is not possible to build the tombs of emperors and princes and nobles.

Cliff tombs

This kind of tomb is excavated in the mountain cliff and does not have a mound, which is also called "cliff tomb" in the archaeological community. It is generally believed that this kind of cliff tomb that is based on the mountain as the mausoleum arose in the Tang Dynasty, and the founder was a promising monarch in Chinese history, Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and his Zhaoling Xuangong excavated the nine mountains in Liquan County, Shaanxi Province today. Later, the emperors of the Tang Dynasty mobilized the people, and the nearby mountains with good feng shui were hollowed out, and the following Qian, Ding, Qiao, Tai, Jian, Yuan, Chong, Feng, Jing, Guang, Zhang, Zhen, Jian and other Ming Tombs are also this type of "cliff tomb".

Baling

In fact, the "cliff tomb" with remarkable anti-theft effect was not the first creation of Li Shimin, but in the Tang Dynasty, this kind of burial system was more mature The tomb of Emperor Liu Heng of the Han Dynasty was "hidden because of the mountain, and the tomb was not restored", that is, the "cliff tomb". This mausoleum is located in the territory of Baqiao District, Xi'an City today, at that time Liu Heng ordered craftsmen to be in the north mountain of this place, cut the cliff for the mound, dig the hole for the Xuangong, and take the water as the mausoleum number. There is a nice local name - "Phoenix Mouth". Some people believe that the cliff tomb was created by Liu Heng, but it is not, it can only be said to be in the emperor's tomb.

First, this kind of tomb was quite popular in the Western Han Dynasty, such as the tomb of King Jing of Zhongshan in Mancheng, Hebei Province, and the tomb of King Lu of Qufulu in Shandong Province found by archaeological excavations, all of which were made by digging huge caves in the mountain cliffs.

Of course, there are different theories about what exactly is a "cliff tomb", and most people may think that the tomb excavated in the cliff face is more in line with the original meaning of the cliff tomb. This kind of tomb was commonly known as the "barbarian cave" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the later tomb of the Tang Dynasty emperor should be a variant of this kind of tomb, which is a kind of ultra-luxurious "cliff tomb", combining the elements of traditional burial methods, and of course it will not be excavated on the cliff. Cliff tombs are very common in ordinary mounds, and the so-called "cliff tombs" of the emperor's tombs are naturally not the same level, very simple, directly chiseled out the mountain, can accommodate a coffin, and some directly use the natural cave.

The "cliff tomb" is excavated in the mountain, and the natural anti-theft effect is extraordinary. However, since it is excavated, there is always a hole leading to the Xuan Palace, and the tomb robbers can easily find it. As a result, the Minister of Overseer took great pains to seal the entrance to the cave, and sealing it with molten iron was one of his tricks. For example, the tomb of King Xiang of Wei, the ancient tomb of the Warring States Period, which was excavated by Liu Quji, the king of Guangchuan of the Han Dynasty, is like this, and the "Taiping Guangji Tomb I" (volume 389) records, "The tomb of King Xiang is poured with iron, and it is opened for three days." "The most famous molten iron tomb recorded in the official history is the joint tomb of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Wu Zetian - Qianling. "Tang Hui Yao" recorded, "Qianling Yuan Palace, its door is closed with stone, and its stone seam is cast iron to fix it." ”

Qianling

According to Chen Anli's "Eighteen Tombs of the Tang Dynasty", archaeologists' archaeological survey of the Qianling Tombs in 1958 confirmed the reliability of the documentary record. The tomb road is open on the slope of the south of the north peak, the tomb road is 63.1 meters long, 3.9 meters wide, and it is a slope. The tomb road and the tomb door are filled with stone strips, as many as 39 layers, with nearly 4,000 stones. The stone strips are tied and pulled with iron bolt plates, and every three layers are threaded with iron rods, and then the joints are melted and filled with tin iron. The project is so vast that it is rare for the Eighteen Tombs of the Tang Dynasty in Guanzhong. The stone strip is engraved with words (including the name of the stonemason), and a total of 363 characters such as "Jiao Cai" and "Oneness" were found. The results of archaeological exploration showed that no traces of the theft of the Qianling Tomb were found. It can be seen that Wu Zetian's anti-theft method is quite successful.

In the folk, this method of using iron juice to fix the tomb and fight against theft can also be seen. The Tang Dynasty Duan Chengshi's "Youyang Miscellaneous Tales and Corpses" (Volume 13) recounts a story: Liu Yan's judge Li Miao, Zhuang was in Gaoling, and Zhuang Ke was in arrears for five or six years. Miao returned to Zhuang because of the official dismissal, and he wanted to investigate the responsibility, but he saw that the warehouse was envious, and the loss was not finished. Miao Wei asked, and said: "A certain Duangong Zhuang has been a guest for two or three years, and he has been a thief for a long time." Nearly open an ancient mound, mound west to Zhuang ten miles, extremely tall, into the pine forest 200 steps to the tomb. There is a stele on the side of the tomb, broken in the grass, and the words are worn out and cannot be read. At the beginning, digging dozens of zhang on the side, encountering a stone door, solid with iron juice, tired of foreign dung fertile square. This text is very interesting, the tomb robber's method of digging the grave is very different, the impregnable tomb is broken in a very simple way: every day with very acidic manure water to water the rusty iron juice, after a few days, this iron juice tomb has also been opened - by the mountain for the mausoleum, obviously than the flat ground to seal the soil for the mausoleum anti-theft effect is much more ideal, because the mausoleum is built in the mountain, so ordinary tomb robbers are impossible to succeed. But this kind of burial method is not affordable by ordinary people, and it cannot be built, and it is not possible to build the tombs of emperors and princes and nobles.

Cliff tombs

This kind of tomb is excavated in the mountain cliff and does not have a mound, which is also called "cliff tomb" in the archaeological community. It is generally believed that this kind of cliff tomb that is based on the mountain as the mausoleum arose in the Tang Dynasty, and the founder was a promising monarch in Chinese history, Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and his Zhaoling Xuangong excavated the nine mountains in Liquan County, Shaanxi Province today. Later, the emperors of the Tang Dynasty mobilized the people, and the nearby mountains with good feng shui were hollowed out, and the following Qian, Ding, Qiao, Tai, Jian, Yuan, Chong, Feng, Jing, Guang, Zhang, Zhen, Jian and other Ming Tombs are also this type of "cliff tomb".

Baling

In fact, the "cliff tomb" with remarkable anti-theft effect was not the first creation of Li Shimin, but in the Tang Dynasty, this kind of burial system was more mature The tomb of Emperor Liu Heng of the Han Dynasty was "hidden because of the mountain, and the tomb was not restored", that is, the "cliff tomb". This mausoleum is located in the territory of Baqiao District, Xi'an City today, at that time Liu Heng ordered craftsmen to be in the north mountain of this place, cut the cliff for the mound, dig the hole for the Xuangong, and take the water as the mausoleum number. There is a nice local name - "Phoenix Mouth". Some people believe that the cliff tomb was created by Liu Heng, but it is not, it can only be said to be in the emperor's tomb.

First, this kind of tomb was quite popular in the Western Han Dynasty, such as the tomb of King Jing of Zhongshan in Mancheng, Hebei Province, and the tomb of King Lu of Qufulu in Shandong Province found by archaeological excavations, all of which were made by digging huge caves in the mountain cliffs.

Of course, there are different theories about what exactly is a "cliff tomb", and most people may think that the tomb excavated in the cliff face is more in line with the original meaning of the cliff tomb. This kind of tomb was commonly known as the "barbarian cave" in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the later tomb of the Tang Dynasty emperor should be a variant of this kind of tomb, which is a kind of ultra-luxurious "cliff tomb", combining the elements of traditional burial methods, and of course it will not be excavated on the cliff. Cliff tombs are very common in ordinary mounds, and the so-called "cliff tombs" of the emperor's tombs are naturally not the same level, very simple, directly chiseled out the mountain, can accommodate a coffin, and some directly use the natural cave.

The "cliff tomb" is excavated in the mountain, and the natural anti-theft effect is extraordinary. However, since it is excavated, there is always a hole leading to the Xuan Palace, and the tomb robbers can easily find it. As a result, the Minister of Overseer took great pains to seal the entrance to the cave, and sealing it with molten iron was one of his tricks. For example, the tomb of King Xiang of Wei, the ancient tomb of the Warring States Period, which was excavated by Liu Quji, the king of Guangchuan of the Han Dynasty, is like this, and the "Taiping Guangji Tomb I" (volume 389) records, "The tomb of King Xiang is poured with iron, and it is opened for three days." "The most famous molten iron tomb recorded in the official history is the joint tomb of Tang Gaozong Li Zhi and Wu Zetian - Qianling. "Tang Hui Yao" recorded, "Qianling Yuan Palace, its door is closed with stone, and its stone seam is cast iron to fix it." ”

Qianling

According to Chen Anli's "Eighteen Tombs of the Tang Dynasty", archaeologists' archaeological survey of the Qianling Tombs in 1958 confirmed the reliability of the documentary record. The tomb road is open on the slope of the south of the north peak, the tomb road is 63.1 meters long, 3.9 meters wide, and it is a slope. The tomb road and the tomb door are filled with stone strips, as many as 39 layers, with nearly 4,000 stones. The stone strips are tied and pulled with iron bolt plates, and every three layers are threaded with iron rods, and then the joints are melted and filled with tin iron. The project is so vast that it is rare for the Eighteen Tombs of the Tang Dynasty in Guanzhong. The stone strip is engraved with words (including the name of the stonemason), and a total of 363 characters such as "Jiao Cai" and "Oneness" were found. The results of archaeological exploration showed that no traces of the theft of the Qianling Tomb were found. It can be seen that Wu Zetian's anti-theft method is quite successful.

In the folk, this method of using iron juice to fix the tomb and fight against theft can also be seen. The Tang Dynasty Duan Chengshi's "Youyang Miscellaneous Tales and Corpses" (Volume 13) recounts a story: Liu Yan's judge Li Miao, Zhuang was in Gaoling, and Zhuang Ke was in arrears for five or six years. Miao returned to Zhuang because of the official dismissal, and he wanted to investigate the responsibility, but he saw that the warehouse was envious, and the loss was not finished. Miao Wei asked, and said: "A certain Duangong Zhuang has been a guest for two or three years, and he has been a thief for a long time." Nearly open an ancient mound, mound west to Zhuang ten miles, extremely tall, into the pine forest 200 steps to the tomb. There is a stele on the side of the tomb, broken in the grass, and the words are worn out and cannot be read. At the beginning, digging dozens of zhang on the side, encountering a stone door, solid with iron juice, tired of foreign dung fertile square. This text is very interesting, the tomb robbers dug the grave in a very unusual way, the impregnable tomb was broken in a very simple way: every day with very acidic manure water to water the rusty iron juice, after a few days, this iron juice tomb was also opened - this strange trick can be called the first thaumaturgy of ancient Chinese tomb robbery! Cliff tombs

This kind of tomb is excavated in the mountain cliff and does not have a mound, which is also called "cliff tomb" in the archaeological community. It is generally believed that this kind of cliff tomb that is based on the mountain as the mausoleum arose in the Tang Dynasty, and the founder was a promising monarch in Chinese history, Li Shimin, Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and his Zhaoling Xuangong excavated the nine mountains in Liquan County, Shaanxi Province today. Later, the emperors of the Tang Dynasty mobilized the people, and the nearby mountains with good feng shui were hollowed out, and the following Qian, Ding, Qiao, Tai, Jian, Yuan, Chong, Feng, Jing, Guang, Zhang, Zhen, Jian and other Ming Tombs are also this type of "cliff tomb".