Grease + Sodium Hydroxide ----- & gt; Sodium Fatty Acids + Glycerol.

Sodium hydroxide is soda ash, and soap and glycerol can be obtained after saponification reaction.

According to the record of the examination, in order to make the silk soft and white, the ancients moistened the silk with plant ash water, put in the ash made of shells (the ancients called it "mirage"), and soaked it in water. This is because plant ash water and shell ash can react to produce a strong alkali – potassium hydroxide.

The Han people already knew how to wash clothes with natural stone alkali. The Jin people also added starch and spices to the stone alkali to make ingots for sale. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Beijing opened a shop specializing in the sale of artificial soda, among which "Hexianglou" and "Huahanchong" were still selling boxed peach-shaped and gourd-shaped rose permeate until the beginning of liberation.

The local method of making soda ash can be fired with some seaweed, but it is really not possible and there is a trona lake.

In ancient China, dilute sulfuric acid was called alum oil, and in 650 to 683 A.D. (during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty), the alchemist Gu Gangzi recorded in his book "Yellow Emperor Jiuding Shendan Sutra" volume 9 that "refining stone gall to extract the essence method", and dry distillation of stone gall (alum) to obtain sulfuric acid.

The method is not very difficult, dilute sulfuric acid can be heated and purified, nitric acid can be obtained as long as saltpeter is heated and distilled, but the temperature should be high and the sealing should be good.

However, it can only be produced on a small scale, and it does not have the conditions for mass production.

Soap can also be supplied in a small range, after all, many people can't afford to eat oil, but the price has to be carefully considered, the cost is high, and it can be sold as a luxury item, which is an extra input.

Small-scale nitroglycerin is enough to treat diseases, and making gunpowder is now not on Zheng Xiong's agenda.

After clarifying his thoughts, he told everyone in the pharmacy that saltpeter ice can be used to cool down in the ward in the summer.

The warehouse in the backyard was occupied, and Zheng Xiong hurriedly ran directly to the glass factory with Ergou.

When I think of soap, I feel an itchy scalp, and this hair doesn't seem to be clean every day, no matter how you take care of it, it's a little oily, and you can't cut it, unless you go to be a monk.

When he came to the glass factory, Zheng Xiong ordered two people to come out.

"You two go buy me a pot, buy some lard, and buy some stone soda, and get some money from the glass factory, and go back quickly."

"Yes, sir."

Seeing that Zheng Xiong was more eager, the two didn't dare to slack off, so they went to pay the money and set off.

"You two build me a stove, I'm going to use it."

Zheng Xiong casually ordered two more people, and the two got the order and hurriedly got busy.

After the order, Zheng Xiong was in a hurry, Zheng Xiong went to the glass factory, led the inspection, and the employees of the glass factory followed Zheng Xiong except for those who were busy firing glass, ready to deal with Zheng Xiong's questioning.

In the corner, there is a pile of fired glass, and if you look closely, there are still some gray and white colors, which do not meet Zheng Xiong's standards.

Zheng Xiong was not interested, but there were some jars made of glass that piqued Zheng Xiong's interest.

Pick up one casually, some like a vase, the light transmittance is not high, with some purple, and a hint of off-white, if it is not for the gray-white to affect the overall beauty, this vase made of glass Zheng Xiong can be sold at least a hundred, now it is greatly discounted, and it will be up to the sky if it is sold for more than ten.

"This vase is good, how did you come up with it?"

"My lord, this vase is an excess glass solution fired out of the boiler, and we have a few old employees of the original glass factory, and when they saw that it was a bit wasteful to put it like this, they blew so many glass bottles casually."

There is no person in charge of the glass factory, and the person who stood up to speak in the glass factory is a very prestigious old man, who has been in the glass factory before, and the technology is also one of the best in this group of people.

"Yes, it's much better than those pensioners in the pharmacy, I know who took the initiative, who got these, stand up and let me see."

"My lord, a few of us got it."

There are three people out of the team, all of whom are older, thirty or forty years old, a little old, but if there is no talent in technology, the older you get, the more popular you are, for no other reason, just four words.

Only the hand is familiar.

Seeing a few people, Zheng Xiong nodded, looking at them all relatively honest and honest people, and they still have their own subjective initiative, which can still be cultivated.

"You guys pay me an extra month's salary this month, but you have to blow a few glass bottles for me every day, and take them out to sell to test the water."

Hearing that they could pay an extra month's salary, several people were very happy and hurriedly responded, and the crowd on the side also showed envy. At the same time, there were a few people with a look of chagrin, because they would also know this craft, but it was a pity that they went fishing.

After promising a salary, Zheng Xiong looked at the old man and said to him.

"What's your name, and if you let you take care of the glass factory, can you do a good job?"

"Back to my lord, my subordinate's name is Wang Zheng, if my lord trusts my subordinates, my subordinates can give it a try."

"Then you, this official will officially appoint you as the director of the glass factory, and the affairs of the glass factory will be handed over to you, except for your appointment and dismissal of personnel and the signature of the goods to be reported to me, you can decide the rest."

"In addition, if you get double your salary in the future, you don't have to be happy, whether you can continue to do it depends on your ability, if you don't manage this glass factory well, I will change people."

Touch the fish, who wouldn't, anyway, it's not their own industry, just toss. As long as you can develop in the direction you want, everyone is the same, and it feels quite comfortable to be a hands-off shopkeeper.

"In the past two days, you go to the inner city to rent a shop, and the blown glass here can be taken out and sold, although there are some flaws, but this glass bottle is much better than those small objects polished out of the crystal, and each one will be priced at ten times and put it into the store to test the water."

"By the way, it's better to buy more raw materials, get more glass every day, and blow it into a round cup, I'm useful."

"My lord, my subordinates remember."

Zheng Xiong is a little unsatisfied, this kind of feeling that the stars are holding the moon and scolding Fang Xuan is really good, no wonder so many people like power.

However, the things that Zheng Xiong ordered to be picked and sold were all in place at this time, and the stove had been built, and a layer of mud was wrapped.

Let everyone go to work, Zheng Xiong came to the stove, and a few errand runners stayed behind to be helpers.

The stove is lit, the pot is brushed, the lard is inside, the alkaline water made of stone alkali is inside, stirring with a wooden stick, the pungent smell scratches it up, fortunately the stove is set up outside, otherwise there may be problems.

As the temperature increased, Zheng Xiong slowly added alkaline water, about a ratio of one to three.

I didn't prepare a large amount of firing, but I just experimented to see the effect, after adding the alkaline water, I slowly stirred and added some water to it, and boiled for several hours, from noon to night, the upper layer began to gradually solidify, and separated from the glycerin of the lower layer.

Scoop it out and put it in a water cup, wait for it to solidify, and the soap is ready.

I found a jar for the rest of the glycerin and sealed it with wax.

After dismissing several people who had been busy all day, Zheng Xiong, who was holding soap, ran home.