Everyone has expressed their attention to this issue.

In this era, a shortage of manpower is a common phenomenon, otherwise there would be no need for countries to linger under the feudal system for so many years. The situation was especially acute in Eastern Europe, where the Purple Horde was located.

At the beginning, Zhu Wenkui once asked Guo Kang why he didn't organize a unified examination when the purple tent selected management personnel. Guo Kang told him at the time that now, with the situation here, there is no need to open the imperial examination.

Guo Kang believes that one of the prerequisites of the imperial examination is that there are enough scholars, so it needs to be selected in a relatively fair way. And here, there is no such condition at all.

Education in the Central Plains was, in the eyes of other ancient civilizations, quite a scary system. In the era of bamboo slips, the boundaries of the nobility were continuously expanded to the lower classes through education, which led to the spread of "scholars".

In the days when paper was used, the situation was even more pronounced. The popularization of education has become obviously an unstoppable thing - not only is the aristocratic era gone, but the noble clan has not lasted long.

In fact, later generations have believed that gate politics only existed in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In other eras and regimes, the great families were only able to retain a certain amount of influence. Later, many families simply relied on military exploits to maintain their support. And when the printing press also appeared, even this fragile state could not exist.

The emergence and perfection of the imperial examination is the result of this development, not the cause. As for why it started from the Song Dynasty and developed rapidly and perfectly, the story of Huang Chao can be called one of the most typical examples: because he has not been able to pass the exam, Huang Chao was resentful of the gate valve controlling the examination room, and finally led the people to rebel, defeated Chang'an, and wantonly slaughtered the gate valve clan there. The people of the time sighed that "the inner library was burned to splendid ashes, and the heavenly street stepped on the bones of the ministers", and this group has been in a slump since then.

Therefore, the goal of the imperial examination is not exactly to select the best talents - this method can indeed screen out qualified people, but it is obviously not very good at screening out wizards.

On the other hand, the imperial examination is more concerned with fairness, or at least to make the vast majority of scholars feel fair. In this way, the emergence of "yellow nests" can be suppressed to the greatest extent. This is done at the expense of flexibility and efficiency. Because the government doesn't actually need so many wizards. For the imperial court, a stable structure composed of a large number of qualified personnel is the best choice, which is far stronger than taking risks.

As for the top management talents, because of the extreme surplus of talents unique to the Central Plains and the improvement of the mature bureaucratic system, it can basically be guaranteed that those who can climb to the top will not be mediocre qualifications. This task does not need to be achieved by the imperial examination.

Therefore, the imperial examination can be said to be a very targeted system in a special civilization and special environment. Even with this era, the entire talent training and selection system of the Central Plains is also the same. For other places, you can only look at it, it's really hard to learn.

As in the Purple Horde, the clan itself was one of the centers of education. The status of each family is largely due to their continuous cultivation of talents and the delivery of officials to the military and administrative system. In fact, there is no way, because the education here is so backward that even the most literate Greeks of the year have been crippled by continuous invasions and civil wars.

At present, there is also an internal assessment and selection mechanism, such as regular examinations within the corps to screen military officers with qualified clerical ability as a reference standard for promotion and reward. But these are not imperial examinations, and they are especially far from the imperial examination system in the "post-Huangchao era".

And the other center of education is the church.

As the most effective education system in Europe, the Church covers almost all aspects of education. From village priests teaching children literacy and arithmetic, to various local seminaries, to most of the church universities, it can be said that from enlightenment to higher education, there is a presence of the church. As for the rest of Europe, the share of ecclesiastical education will only be greater.

It can be said that this system is the most suitable for Europe today. That's why churches are so concerned about the shortage of talent—because they also have a share of responsibility to provide qualified personnel.

The Rus' region was even more backward, and these dioceses had to take on not only religious tasks, but also some administrative responsibilities. Guo Kang estimates that for a long time, these places will be dominated by the church. Because secular education is really a luxury, I am afraid that there is no hope in the short term.

Of course, according to the concept of the Purple Horde, it didn't really matter whether it was secular or not.

There is actually a conceptual understanding problem here.

At Guo Kang's time, the "secularization" in people's impression was a concept put forward by the French. And the French meaning of this word is "laity".

The Church divided the believers of the time into three types: the laity, that is, the ordinary believers; Monks, i.e. monks and nuns; The clergy, that is, priests, bishops, etc., who have official positions. Therefore, the meaning of secularization is actually "laity", that is, competing for power with the church, so as to take back the education, ideology and other fields controlled by the church to the control of the secular government composed of laity.

This concept is not "to Christianity", but only "to church". Because the Europeans at that time could not think of a society that would leave Christianity......

In the era of the most radical Revolution, the French also made some attempts. Some people try to stop worshipping the Father and instead worship abstract concepts such as "reason" called "reason worship."

Cults of Reason remodeled churches in various places, including Notre-Dame Cathedral, and renamed them "Sanctuaries of Reason". Crosses were smashed everywhere and cemeteries were destroyed to show a break with Christianity. Festivals and gatherings are also held to promote and celebrate. At its peak, it almost became the new state religion.

Although it may seem like replacing the Father with an abstract "Tao," the promoters of rational worship insist that it is not an ordinary religion. Momoro, one of the leading ones, admonished his followers that reason was only an abstract concept, not a god, but a part of man himself. Another leader, Cruz, said bluntly: there is only one god, and that is the people.

And this level of change still causes great confusion. Many people found it too radical to accept, and others accused the change of triggering debauchery and depravity.

In the process of attacking the church, some people also took the opportunity to enrich their own pockets and embezzle church property. The wealthy people in the city rushed to buy the church property at a low price, but they refused to take on the public welfare duties that the church was once responsible for, which caused discontent in the countryside.

Even clashes broke out between cities. Lyon, the second largest city, accused the policy of the first city, Paris, and refused to obey, while Paris threatened to send troops directly to massacre opponents...... Everyone made a pot of porridge, causing even more chaos.

Eventually, these excesses drew the ire of the moderates. Under the leadership of Robespierre, a representative of the moderates, the radicals were purged, and Momoro and others were guillotined. The cult of reason then lost ground, and the attempt largely failed.

This is a very valuable reference. If France after the Enlightenment could not withstand such changes, then it would be better to be honest in Eastern Europe this year.

Wei Zhuang's poem "Qin Women's Yin" has been lost for a long time in history. Although this poem was very famous at that time, and Wei Zhuang was also called "Qin Women's Yin Xiucai" by the people of the time, it was lost in the fifth dynasty. According to the records of five generations, the ministers especially did not like the sentences "Heaven Street stepped on the bones of the ministers", and in order to avoid trouble, Wei Zhuang himself asked not to continue to circulate.

The whole poem known to modern people comes from Dunhuang and was only discovered in modern times. There is a copy of this poem in the stolen scrolls of the Englishman Stein and the Frenchman Birch, which was later re-known after being proofread by Luo Zhenyu and Wang Guowei.

(End of chapter)