In this case, the theory of revenge is in an awkward position.

As a theory, the wider and simpler the applicability, the easier it is to propagandize. And if you add a whole bunch of "exceptions" or even "exceptions of exceptions", it will definitely affect the persuasiveness.

When encountering topics that cannot be said explicitly, you can cover up the past with the "horse liver theory". But everything is a horse liver, and obviously it is not an option.

In the final analysis, the Confucians just didn't dare to be like the Greeks, and directly said that "revenge on one's own mother should also be the same". So it can only be covered up and create such a loophole.

Guo Kang felt that this was the side effect of multiple "Gangchang" as mentioned before.

The Greek scholars were right. Unlike the Greco-Roman culture, where there was only one "patriarchy", there were multiple basic rules on the Sellis side. The good thing is that the social structure over there can be more complex and perfect. The downside is that there are too many things to be afraid of, and fights are inevitable.

Not to mention the narratives of other schools, even the basic texts of Confucianism are contradictory to each other. The Confucian scholars boasted all day long that the Celestial Empire was a society of etiquette and righteousness with a regular and orderly manner, but Zhou Li had been engaged in three thousand years and had not solved the power represented by the role of the mother.

Everyone knows that in the Spring and Autumn Period, the "three subordinates of women" and "filial piety" began to fight, and the "respect" of the monarch and father and the "relatives" of the biological mother were also fighting. In fact, these problems are more serious than the "revolutionary" issues discussed at the Horse Liver Conference, and they involve the basic ethical issues of Confucianism, and even the basic ethics behind Confucianism and in the classical Ceris civilization.

Most Han Confucians did not dare to judge this, and the reason is very simple: if they said that revenge should not be taken, they would be blamed, because it would be tantamount to opening a loophole in the universal axiom of revenge and destroying the foundation of the doctrine.

But if you say that you should take revenge, you will also be blamed by others, because there is a general belief in society that killing mothers is unacceptable under any circumstances. Not to mention putting forward this conclusion, even if it is a "reasonable" analysis of the two-sided revenge of the mother's murder, so as to evaluate its degree of justice, it will be questioned.

For more than 2,000 years, no one has been able to explain this question clearly. In the end, the topic itself has become a forbidden area that cannot be touched. No wonder the Greeks laughed at them.

It was not until the Eastern Han Dynasty that He Xiu, the master of ram science, clearly put forward his own views. He believes that revenge is still revenge, but killing is too much, and the correct solution is exile. Similarly, coercing the temple is just a way to deal with changes, the purpose is to maintain the balance of yin and yang, not to say that for the sake of the Heavenly Father, the earth mother god is really smashed.

His reason is that "punishment is not added", that is, the mother is still superior to the son. Therefore, as a son, he cannot ethically kill his mother. Mortals and Earth Mother Gods should be the same.

He Xiu was a very prestigious person at that time, and it may be because of this that he dared to openly touch this kind of topic to explain and teach. But even so, it is not surprising that he has been criticized by many people, who feel that his ram theory is too cruel and not suitable for society.

And it is not right to add this reason. You don't need to find the great masters to argue, as long as you have read the books of Mencius and Xunzi, you know that Confucianism, the two important giants, both support the killing of "single husbands".

The relationship between the monarch and the minister is also an important foundation. Single-husband tyrants like Ji and Su are still "on top" compared to their subjects. But because of their bad performance, the subjects have the power to kill them - when Shang Tang overthrew Xia Wei, it played the banner of revenge for the common people. It can be seen that the "down" can obviously kill the "up".

In the same way, in the mother-child relationship, the mother who has a grudge is indeed ethically superior to the son. It's also the same as the throne of the Emperor.,It's a relationship that is determined by nature.。 Then if the mother behaves badly, why can't the son kill her?

Confucianism often makes analogies about the relationship between various outlines and norms, but this one-of-a-kind comparison reveals a problem.

- No matter what Xia Wei says, he is also a descendant of Dayu, and he is the monarch with the highest innate legitimacy. As a result, how can the priority of his "superiority" not be as good as that of a woman? Could it be that the shade of Dayu's water control is better than having a child?

If he knew this comparison, Xia Wei would have to exhale and tremble, when will our one-man tyrant stand up......

Therefore, the results of this theory can be imagined. Nor did He Xiu's argument put an end to the controversy. On the contrary, as Han Confucianism declined, the concept of great revenge gradually faded.

Greek scholars have accurately captured this, questioning that the Seris civilization was not a patriarchal society at all. Because this kind of "topic that can't be touched" has obviously touched on the core ethics of the program. Only this level of basic setting is the "axiom" that cannot be discussed.

- In Greece, for example, philosophers could casually analyze and discuss the topic, make judgments and give advice to others. In this way, the difference between the two sides is clearer.

And after the Han Dynasty, the situation on Seris's side did not change much. On the contrary, as the fierce Han doctrine gradually fell silent, the forces supporting revenge became weaker and weaker – and of course, there was no way to do it. After all, you mentioned "revenge" and "reunification" in the Wei and Jin eras, which is ...... It's a little embarrassing, isn't it......

During this period, as the imperial court vigorously promoted "filial piety", the status and power of mothers in the family were improved. The first is the change of "stepmother as mother".

For well-known reasons, the imperial court not only encouraged filial piety, but also tried to broaden its scope of application. Originally, during the Han Dynasty, there was a difference between the treatment of stepmothers and biological mothers, but now they are really exactly the same. On the whole, those who were filial in the past should now be filial; I didn't need to be so filial before, but now I have to be filial. The whole world is in this state of filial piety......

In the process, even the traditional principle of "father respects mother" has been shaken and even subverted, and even new views have emerged openly that mothers are more important to children.

Because Confucianism also emphasizes the relationship of "kinship", believing that the whole society is organized according to the hierarchy of kinship and intimacy, starting from everyone individually. Therefore, the level of importance must also refer to the positioning for the individual. For example, in Confucianism, the very important part of mourning clothes is based on this.

And if you think about it in this way, you will find that for children, the mother is closer than the father - because it is believed that the father-son relationship is acquired, and the mother-child relationship is innate; The relationship between mother and child is a type that both primitive humans and animals understand, and it is obviously more primitive and basic. As a result, the rules of etiquette for children should be declared to be superior to the father......

The scholars of the Wei and Jin dynasties were puzzled by this, and the related debates even took place in the court......

Engaging in a patriarchal system like this can make the Greeks laugh off their big teeth.

(End of chapter)