The calendar now implemented by the Purple Horde was adapted on the basis of the Yuan Dynasty's "Calendar of Time" when the Purple Horde was first established.

Moreover, this adaptation is actually to do some name localization, change January to the month of Janus or something. After all, at that time, the level of civil governance of the Purple Horde was not enough to do anything.

However, the timing calendar is actually relatively early. This legislation was still made in the early Yuan Dynasty, when the Yuan Dynasty had just destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, Kublai Khan ordered Xu Heng and others to compile the Southern Song Dynasty's calendar officials, and formulate a new calendar based on the Southern Song Dynasty's "Chengtian Calendar".

From the formulation of the Chronological Calendar to its adoption by the Purple Horde, there were sixty or seventy years; Up to now, it has been more than a hundred years, at least Guo Kang feels that it is indeed a bit long. If it were to be replaced by an ordinary Central Plains Dynasty, it should have been overhauled or even reset long ago.

The calendar itself is subject to frequent revision. For example, in the two Song and three hundred years, there were ten reformulated calendars. However, in these years, everyone's cultural level is limited, and even the Ming Dynasty itself only changed the name of the "Time Calendar" to "The Great Unification Calendar", and then it has been rotten. So, using it like this, there is not much problem for the time being.

It is estimated that this can be done because of the good foundation of the time calendar. In that year, in order to formulate this calendar, Guo Shoujing, a scholar who presided over the survey, wrote to Kublai Khan, saying that during the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, monks and others set up 13 observation points across the country to collect astronomical data for the formulation of the Great Yan calendar. Now that the territory of the Great Yuan has surpassed that of the Great Tang Dynasty, it is necessary to conduct larger-scale observations to obtain more accurate data.

At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, everyone had a strange complex, that is, they liked to compare everything with the Tang Dynasty, and Kublai Khan was the one who took the lead. When I saw this suggestion, I was very happy and immediately approved it. With the support of Kublai Khan, Guo Shoujing and others set up 27 observation posts, heading east into the Korean Peninsula and west into Hexi; The southernmost observatory went deep into the sea and was set up on an island in the South China Sea, and the northernmost observatory surpassed the North Sea and came to the heart of Siberia, which is known as the "Four Seas Test". On this basis, after three years of hard work, the compilation of the time calendar was completed.

The accuracy of this calendar is the same as that of the Gregorian calendar 300 years later, and the Gregorian calendar was the Gregorian calendar that has been followed by later generations. Historically, it was not until the end of the Ming Dynasty that the calendar began to make obvious mistakes.

Although this is still the definition of "ancient", the development of mathematics and science and technology is actually getting faster and faster. The observation tools and algorithms of the chronological period are also not as advanced as those of later generations. But Dayuan is really too big, and the large amount of data obtained from the Sihai test has the effect of flying big bricks and suppressing the overall error.

Of course, it is not enough to have a calendar, the key is how to popularize it.

Agriculture, in the eyes of later generations, is often a very earthy, very low-end job. People who engage in agricultural activities are generally conservative, backward, and ignorant. But in this day and age, agriculture is undoubtedly a highly skilled job. At best, it can only be said that its upper and lower limits are very different, and most of them obviously have nothing to do with this upper limit, and the reason for this is also due to lack of technology.

No one is born with the skills to produce, and farming is certainly not innate. Even the Slavs had to learn from their elders. And, the higher the technology, the more complex it is to learn. At a certain point, it is no longer something that can be learned by word of mouth alone, nor can it be learned by oneself alone. The knowledge of these systems must be studied by special people, sorted out by special people, and then let everyone learn in order to improve efficiency as much as possible.

On the contrary, in the absence of knowledge, the level of agriculture can lag behind to an unbelievable level. For example, the so-called agricultural revolution in Britain in modern times began when the locals learned to poke a hole in the ground with a wooden stick before putting seeds. This is actually the slash and burn in "slash and burn", but if no one teaches it, everyone just won't. As for the core of the agricultural revolution, the iron plough and seeding cart appeared in the late 18th century.

Before the popularization of this kind of agricultural tool in the Western Han Dynasty, the local people would only use their hands to scatter the seeds directly on the simply turned land. A good farmer can sow it relatively evenly, and most people will gather the seeds because of the pitted ground after sowing.

When the crops grow, they are not in people's impression of rows, ridges, neat and tidy, but disorganized, not only uneven density, but also interference between different plants, resulting in poor ventilation, uneven lighting, and low watering efficiency.

As a result, the crops in a field can be a few days off by a few days. When it was time to harvest, they didn't care about it, so they had to harvest some crops that had not yet matured. Moreover, this method of cultivation also makes it almost impossible for the sower to remove weeds - of course, if the land is planted like this, the crops will be in the same state as weeds. Anyway, the English, like the Slavs, are literally herbivores, and nibbling on weeds is also food.

Under such conditions, the level of local agriculture is naturally outrageously low, and the grain harvest ratio remains at the level of 1:2 to 1:4 all year round. Written as a Tang poem, it is "planting one grain of millet in spring and harvesting two seeds in autumn", and it may be normal to starve to death......

Not to mention the commoners, even the nobles did not want to stay on the island as much as possible, because the material conditions there have always been too poor. In those years, when the Grand Duke of Kiev "the Wise" Yaroslav was in power, he arranged for the princess to marry England. However, the eldest duke has always been concerned about his daughter's condition, and later wrote to her, saying that the food in England seemed to be terrible, and asked her if she could get used to it. It can make the Ross people feel that the food is too bad, which shows what the hell was going on there at that time.

Therefore, in order to raise the level of agriculture, the first thing is to disseminate knowledge. The calendar is also part of this knowledge.

In a village like today, the most important places are the church and the school. It is not only a place for holding festivals and educating children, but also for spreading important knowledge.

Since ancient times, one of the first tasks of local officials has been to "persuade farmers". The so-called persuasion of agriculture is not only to reward and supervise farming, but also to proclaim the policy of the imperial court and promote more efficient agricultural technology. Because even if there is advanced technology, it is useless if it cannot be popularized. However, if it is only spread spontaneously by the people, the speed of promotion will be very slow. Therefore, the government must take the initiative to intervene to carry out propaganda and teaching.

Even in the Yuan Dynasty, where the system was lax, there were official documents such as the "General System and Regulations", which stipulated various agricultural policies and norms such as farmland, water conservancy, arboriculture, fishery and livestock, education, etc., and wrote down how to plant various crops, how much should be planted, and so on. Even if there is a lack of management ability at the grassroots level, these things cannot be left undone, because in the traditional consciousness, this is what the imperial court should do. If you don't do it, someone else may do it......

Of course, in order to truly implement these and improve the efficiency of agriculture, a strong implementation system is indeed needed. To put it more bluntly, the imperial court needs to be able to manage the local government stably, and the more influence penetrates into the grassroots level, the more these techniques can be implemented, and the more efficient it can be.

In classical times, when extreme mobilization was needed, these regulations were even more detailed. In Qin's decree, even when sowing a field, the government has clear data on how many seeds are needed for different crops, and the people are required to comply with them as much as possible.

Of course, this method also has high requirements for the ability of the court and officials, and if it is placed on the Mediterranean side, don't even think about it.

The English even came to the curious conclusion that annexation should be actively promoted, so that the big landowners, rich and landed, could centralize management, and could afford to adopt better apparatus and carry out technological innovations.

In reality, however, it was the government's job to promote technological innovation and manage local agriculture. Livestock and farm tools that peasant households cannot afford to purchase are also leased or even directly distributed by the government. This is all a policy that existed in the Warring States period, and I don't know why I just can't learn it. And the perennial loss of the work of the government to the nobles and gentry, the result can be imagined.

In the 21st century, the English people were finally able to achieve a wheat harvest ratio of 1:30, reaching the level of the model fields of the Han Dynasty......

Even if you can mix it up with this kind of thing considering the geographical problem, it can only be said that these people are really outrageous. In the final analysis, there is still a big problem with the government system, and there has been no experience in establishing a Qin-Han style regime. This very unsuccessful result was also caused by the lack of the Qin system.

Because a system or policy, no matter how nice it sounds, it must have the ability to implement it. In this regard, the Qin and Han dynasties themselves were flawed, and their actual performance was much worse than the theoretical design, not to mention those places where there was no theory.

For example, after the calendar is formulated, the emperor will generally order the world to promulgate it. But in those years, there was no radio and no Internet, and how to promulgate it, let everyone know, is the most basic question.

When Zhu Yuanzhang called King Wu, Liu Bowen and others offered - or copied a copy of the "Calendar of Granting Time" to him, which was the earliest "Great Unification Calendar". At the beginning, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered people to print, only collect the cost of work, and sell it to the people. Later, during the Northern Expedition, Zhu Yuanzhang felt that even this was too expensive, so he simply announced that he didn't want the money and gave it away directly.

In this way, the "Great Unification Calendar" quickly penetrated into the people with the Northern Expedition army. Although the calendar of the Yuan Dynasty is actually the same thing, but the calendar of the Yuan Dynasty could not be sent, but he was able to send it down, and the result was that the new calendar was immediately welcomed by the common people and grassroots literati in the north, and directly seized the advantage on the "Zhengshuo" issue related to the calendar. Behind this struggle for legitimacy is actually the difference between the two regimes of the Yuan and Ming dynasties and their ability to execute.

Even diplomatically. The surrounding small countries were unable to make calendars, and as a result, all agricultural countries had to obtain almanacs from the central dynasty, and this kind of "calendar" and "calendar" also became a sign of legitimacy and diplomatic relations. The promulgation of almanacs for vassal states was also an important task of the imperial court, such as the Fujian Provincial Government Secretary of the Ming Dynasty, which printed a batch of new calendars every year and sent them to the Ryukyus. Otherwise, people won't be of use.

And once the Central Plains side is not updated, everyone will also suffer together. At the time of Tang Muzong, a "Xuanming Calendar" was promulgated. After that, the Tang Dynasty fell into increasingly serious chaos and was unable to implement a new calendar, and the subsequent separatist regimes did not have the strength and influence to promulgate a calendar that would prevail in all countries. As a result, the Xuanming calendar was used for nearly 500 years on the Korean Peninsula and more than 800 years in Japan, and even if it accumulated a large error, there was no way to ......

On the side of the Purple Horde, of course, the situation was even more outrageous, and the introduction of the calendar was even accompanied by the introduction of language.

Due to the long-term Confucian education, there were a large number of grassroots intellectuals among the people of Seris, and even in the Yuan Dynasty, there were a large number of social studies. But here, that's really not.

Guo Kang estimated that there was also a reason why the Purple Horde was able to firmly implement the policy of expelling the local nobles and dividing the land to ordinary villagers. If it were in the Central Plains, it would be very difficult to do so, because it would have to recruit some local tyrants to help manage it, otherwise, the cost of establishing political power would be too high, and in the process of establishment, it would be easy for these powerful people in all sides to collectively oppose it, and thus it would fail.

But in Eastern Europe, the local aristocracy was basically illiterate, and even the basic requirements of the Purple Horde for grassroots administrators could not be fulfilled. Moreover, there has been a long time of chaos in the local area, and the lords have formed gangs with each other, like a plate of scattered sand, and there is not much power. Such a powerful aristocrat can be described as useless, and there is no need for even Zhao'an. It's all up to you to build a new administrative system that can be effectively managed – because there was no such thing before.

There are many different languages in this place, and the locals often don't understand each other. The cultural level of the Purple Horde is actually just like that, let them sort out the strange dialects in various places, and then write them down, they don't have the ability to do this. Therefore, how to write it down so that the locals can understand it, the Khan court has no way at all.

In the end, they simply changed their thinking: I will just leave the calendar written in Chinese characters here and leave it unchanged, and then teach everyone Chinese characters, whoever learns it well will be able to use it first......

In practice, the Purple Horde simply did not have the energy to consciously ban certain languages, but with the unification of the regions, many rural languages were increasingly assimilated and became more and more like the larger branches. The big language is also mixed with a large number of Chinese words, and more and more people use Chinese directly.

Because people who don't know Chinese at all can't get in touch with these more complete knowledge, can't understand the explanations of agricultural officials, and can't read relevant books and announcements. Even if they do not consider the future of the military, they will naturally be at a disadvantage in the competition.

In a village like theirs, even the original Bulgarian name has been forgotten. Because the village was officially formed, it was actually after Guo Gai was buried here and Guo set up a temple here. The villagers who originally lived here were only part of the settlers, because when the Khan organized the legion farm here, he also arranged for some skilled and literate veterans to come and reclaim it together with the locals, forming this new village.

Now, its name is called "Xianggong Temple" village. Even locals who are not very proficient in Chinese are called by this pronunciation. Such a phenomenon can be said to be everywhere in Romania, and the management system of the Khan's court is also interdependent with these.

(End of chapter)