"Today, the minister will give His Majesty a lecture on 'Nourishing the heart, don't be good at having few desires'."

As soon as Yang Tinghe spoke, many people were stunned.

Of course, these people all remembered the Heart Cultivation Hall that was being prepared in the palace.

Before the emperor said that he would rebuild a convenient hall, set up the imperial study as a place to approve the recital, hold the Yan Dynasty, and summon the courtiers, and the name Yangxin Hall came from Mencius's words.

Although Wang Shouren didn't talk much about the views of the mind just now, many of the insights in the mind are derived from the views of Mencius.

Now, Wang Shouren has just started from the point of view of Ercheng and Zhu Xi, the ancestors of science, and Yang Tinghe has started from Mencius's remarks, and the meaning of-for-tat is obvious.

Naturally, this is also because Yang Tinghe was able to know what Wang Shouren said first.

This is unfair, but Yang Tinghe obviously doesn't care: he has to go to the scripture feast to debate the scriptures, so why pretend?

At the same time, isn't that what the prayer feast is all about? Yang Tinghe was arguing with Wang Shouren while still advising the emperor.

"Desire, like the desire of the mouth, nose, ears, eyes, and limbs, although it is indispensable, but there is no one who is not his original heart, scholars should take it as a warning. If there is too much and no moderation, it will be as Mencius said: for the rich is not benevolent. Cover the heavens and people's desires, and do not allow them to stand together. Yang Hu's words are this, I am afraid that benevolence will harm the rich. Mencius cited it, fearing that the harm of wealth would also be harmful. Gentleman villain, every opposite. ”

Many people looked at Yang Tinghe with respect and admiration: Why is the country rich, and you are now citing an example of being rich and fearful?

Yang Tinghe and Su Rong continued: "Mencius saw King Hui of Liang, and the king also said that benevolence and righteousness were just enough, so why bother to say profit? Zhu Zi explained: Benevolence and righteousness are rooted in the inherent nature of people's hearts, and the justice of heavenly principles is also. The heart of interest is born in the shape of things and me, and the selfishness of human desires. If you follow the principles of heaven, you will not seek profit and have no disadvantage; If you follow people's desires, you will seek profit and harm yourself. The so-called difference of a millimeter is a fallacy of a thousand miles. This book of Mencius has a profound meaning for the beginning, and scholars should be careful and discerning. ”

In the final analysis, a gentleman does not harm benevolence and righteousness because of profit, while a villain is mercenary and unscrupulous.

"There is a saying in "Music Notes" that desire can not be described as evil. It is good and evil, and it is tied to the existence and absence of moderation. Human desire is not bad, "Shangshu" has a saying, people's hearts are in danger. It is said that the danger is in danger, and the desire is not fallen. Good and evil in the world are heavenly principles, and those who call them evil are not evil, but they are either too much or worse. Therefore, the sages said: The inherent principles of human beings and human desires, if they win, they will retreat, and if they win, they will retreat, and there is no reason to advance or retreat. ”

"Consciousness goes up from the mouth, nose, ears, eyes, and limbs, and is the human heart and selfish desires; Perception goes up from benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom, which is the heart of the Tao and the principles of heaven. Those who want to cultivate themselves and first have a righteous heart are to eliminate selfish desires and achieve heavenly principles. The essence of it is to extinguish a word. ”

"Everyone has a Taoist heart, this destiny, so everyone can be Yao Shun. However, everyone has a haunting heart, and the nature of this temperament is said to be similar and far away. Tianli and people want to exist together. Destroying people's desires and preserving heavenly principles, this scholar Xixian, Xianxisheng, and Shengxitian are on the way; If you abandon the principles of heaven and desires, your Taoist heart will gradually fall, your righteous heart will be hopeless, and your family and country will not exist. ”

"Nourishing the heart is not good at having few desires, and widowhood is the festival and the extinction. However, between the desire of heaven and man to exist in one body, and the desire has not fallen, where can the widow be extinguished? Hunger and thirst for food and drink are the principles of heaven, and Ge must want to be fine, and food must be full of beauty is human desire. If everything is done according to etiquette, it will eventually reach the principle of heaven, because the principle of heaven is the nature of destiny for one person, and it is ethics and etiquette for all people. If we destroy human desires, preserve the nature of the Mandate of Heaven, and follow the ethical guidelines, the hearts of all the people will be correct, and heaven and man will be united. ”

"Your Majesty is the son of heaven, if you can have few desires, you will eventually have heavenly principles, and heaven and man will be one. Emperor Fu Wei clearly discerns the danger of wanting to fall, nourishes his heart with few desires, and cultivates his body after his heart is right, then the Holy Son of Heaven is an example, the world is not unstoppable, the family and country are governed, and the world is peaceful. ”

Zhu Houxi tried his best to suppress the galloping of thousands of horses in the clouds and fog in his heart: "...... Be taught. ”

With the habits and accumulation that he has been in this era for almost two years, he can only understand half of it when he suddenly hears such a large section of explanation.

He is now thinking about the logic, not to find out whether he can make sense in the end, but to wonder where such a statement comes from to refute Wang Shouren's method of "conscience"?

Then he saw that several of the ministers on the left and right even nodded slightly in disregard of the etiquette of the feast.

There were a few senior Hanlin scholars who were even full of tears.

Zhu Houxi: ???

Zhu Houxi, who didn't have such a comprehensive understanding of Confucianism, didn't hear Yang Tinghe's killer feature in this paragraph: the unity of heaven and man.

You are the emperor, and being appointed by heaven is a very important pillar of your legal system in the hearts of all people. What maintains this understanding is the ritual law. The reason why the etiquette law is established is to let everyone follow a set of standards, so as to achieve the goal of gradually regulating the heart through behavior and allowing people to restrain themselves.

Everyone obeys the rules, which is beneficial to the Son of Heaven; The Son of Heaven takes the lead in abiding by the rules, which will consolidate the etiquette.

Now you say that you must cultivate your heart and have few desires, and if you don't set an example, then the etiquette will be a little shaken.

If everyone is encouraged to act according to their hearts as Wang Shouren said, then for some people who have not yet reached the level of conscience and do not have a conscience with the heart of the Tao, will they mess around and break the rules because they do not have enough "knowledge"?

That's the point.

Heaven and man are one, you have no worries about the legal system, and your status is respected; If there is no standard and rule in the world, then it will be chaotic, then you are the lord of the "Four Realms of Incurability" that Yang Tinghe did not mention in "Mencius", which can be replaced, and may be overthrown as a "one-man thief".

Yang Tinghe was naturally not a warning, he just looked at Zhu Houxi with some expectation: There is the harm of the mind that I told you the day before yesterday, you should understand, right? Wang Shouren only said that everyone can become a saint through conscience, and I tell you that although everyone has heavenly principles in their hearts, they have more selfish desires.

Saints are not so easy to make, but selfish desires are easy to fall. That guy keeps talking to you about the upper limit, but the purpose of taking science as official science is to raise the lower limit!

Zhu Houxi couldn't understand Yang Tinghe's eyes at all.

If he understands it, he can probably translate a sentence: Your Majesty, you don't want your country to be in chaos, right? To be practical, let's take care of the present, keep the lower limit, and don't be confused by the bread of human sanctification!

But Zhu Houxi only felt that in terms of the level of lectures, Yang Tinghe lost a lot.

The first round is over.

Zhu Houxi couldn't see who everyone thought was smarter.

Then came the second round: free debate.

According to the previously designed process ceremony, at this time, the emperor should first make a speech, ask a question, and ask the two "teachers" for advice at the same time, so that the two teachers can express their opinions to each other and answer the emperor's questions in the debate.

Etiquette is important.

If the emperor didn't have doubts, how could the two courtiers directly tear apart? Isn't that also the desire to seek fame too strong, and the work is too low-level?

There was silence in the Mandarin Palace.

Yang Tinghe's eyes gradually changed from expectation to doubt: did he not understand, or was he ready to deliberately pretend not to understand, or to ask a tricky question? Could it be that I made a fuss about the Palace of Nourishing the Heart, citing the example of being rich and being unkind, that pierced the emperor's heart?

Wang Qiong was very nervous: Yang Ting and this old guy, this sermon has high intentions. In fact, he did not regard Wang Shouren as an opponent at all, but reminded the emperor that if Xinxue became an official school, it would be one of the harms. This harm can be related to the unity of heaven and man, and the symbolic meaning of the title of the Son of Heaven.

“…… What the two gentlemen said, I have benefited a lot from thinking about it. ”

Zhu Houxi also remembered what he should do at this time, so he said a scene first, indicating that my silence just now was not not ignoring, but thinking.

After his eyes swept over Yan Song, he still asked the questions that he had prepared from the "advice" he had asked Yan Song before.

With Yan Song's intimacy and brain, the opinion he told should be the most flammable and explosive problem after it was raised.

"Conscience is hard to be taken lightly, and human desire is hard to extinguish. The method of the two gentlemen, with my view, seems to have the same path, the essence is the same, can it be practiced at the same time? ”

As soon as the words came out, the big battle began.

"Definitely!"

Yang Tinghe immediately retorted solemnly: "The essence is completely different!" The law to conscience is to think that it is okay without knowing it, and if it is not sincere and unright, it will be practiced without cultivation, and it is inevitable that the family will not be united, the country will not be governed, and the world will be in chaos. The method of destroying people's desires is based on the principles of heaven and the law of rituals, so that those who have not yet learned, those who are not sincere, and those who have not been right-hearted can also know how to cultivate themselves and how to act, and those who have not reached the realm of the Tao will not act recklessly and cause chaos to the family and country. Gai Tianli does not move according to people's hearts, and people's hearts are different. If you do both, will you destroy people's desires with heavenly reason? Reckless and first and then conscience? If they insist on their own words, the people will be at a loss. ”

"I don't think so, I can do both."

Wang Shouren entered the state with a smile, and Yang Tinghe was slightly stunned.

You know what you're talking about? How is this possible? You have a heart and a lineage, but you think that the heart is the principle of heaven!

Isn't that the biggest in my heart, the only one?

I'm the opposite of you!

Yang Tinghe immediately entered a state that made Zhu Houxi feel even more confused.

From this moment on, he directly began to run out of the essential question, what is the reason, sexuality, heart, qi, desire, good, and evil...... A variety of professional vocabulary on cosmology and ontology, human nature and mind, knowledge and action and self-cultivation, heaven and man and realm have all popped up.

Zhu Houxi understands many words, but he doesn't understand them when they are connected together.

The ambition to be a "learned" emperor is shaking: it's too difficult.

But Zhu Houxi really entered the state of learning, reluctantly followed, and studied their thinking.

If you don't understand it for the time being, Yan Song and Liu Long can help him review and explain it in detail after he goes back.

Whether it is science or psychology, they are actually the intellectuals of this era in the field of philosophical thought.

Inside, it reflects the three views of people in this era. Outwardly, he is also closely related to official learning and the tools of governance, and is an important channel for class mobility.

Yang Tinghe was full of firepower almost as soon as he retorted, grasping the shortcomings of Xinxue, which relied more on personal talent and the current realm, and chased and attacked fiercely.

In the end, it is a difficult question of how to govern the country: at the same time, some people do it first if they are not good enough, and after doing it, you can guarantee that they will reflect on their progress? There is no unified standard to tell the world what to do, so if you are indecent and break the law, will the world be in chaos?

In response to Yang Tinghe's tirade, Wang Shouren still only maintained a relaxed posture and said with a smile: "The law of etiquette is immovable, the principles of heaven are clear, and although the heart is reasonable, it must gradually become a conscience." The saints and sages educate the world, who doesn't know the etiquette? The law of conscience begins without exceeding the rules and ends with the sanctification of the enlightened path. To do both words and deeds is to go one step further in self-denial, and gradually improve one's own conscience and be polite and reasonable. If you only know the method of self-denial and destroying the desires of others, and do not know the law, will you not stick to the same place, and all the corporal and people in the world will be confused and do not try to improve? ”

Zhu Houxi, who deliberately knows a little more about psychology, understood: You only seek the lower limit of science, and people in the world abide by the rules and don't make trouble, but won't this become more and more lifeless and lifeless? I said that you can do both, that is, you control the lower limit, and I will try to raise the upper limit.

How can Yang Tinghe endure this: Now the fight is for those upper limits!

Who decided the upper limit of Daming? O scholars! Oh Your Majesty, you put down the knife first, you respect Confucianism, you are also your own person.

Go on...... The part of your mind that is responsible for raising the ceiling is to let the scholars abandon the more secure but more difficult path of viewing the expo, and choose your shortcut path of "my heart is reason", "knowledge is action", and "gradually become after the action", and let yourself "know" that may not be correct?

How can conscience be so good? Look at people!

But what an excuse! Who wouldn't want to take a shortcut?

Your team is getting bigger and bigger, will you change the standard of heavenly principles and the rituals for educating sentient beings in the future?

He immediately continued to refute: "If the people of the world can follow the law of etiquette and their own families, then it is their responsibility to govern the country and level the world, and there are people with virtue and ability." Shinong industry and commerce are in their positions, civil and military officials perform their duties, and the Holy Son of Heaven rules the four seas, and the second is the peace of the world. It is difficult to read hard and know the cold window, and use it with its talents; For the official to deal with things, know the danger of people's desires, and choose those who are virtuous and promoted. In this way, the people are in the dynasty, so that they can be sincere and knowledgeable, defend the land and the people, and gradually open up the prosperous era of Datong. It's not trying to make progress, but it's a road to Xu. Even if it is a well-trained elite soldier, the army travels 100 miles and those who compete for profit will step on the general, and those who fight for profit for 50 miles will reach half of the army, which shows the danger of rushing to the army. Governing a big country is like cooking a small fresh, Bo'an must know it! ”

In the end, one word: steady!

And you're not in a stable way.

We are doing this now, and we don't ask the people to play a huge role, so we don't want to add to the chaos. To develop the country and raise the ceiling, the people will do it. Moreover, the civil and military officials who are responsible for governing the country and leveling the world are not random, they must first go through the layers of the imperial examination to see their talents, and then go through the officialdom to promote their virtues.

talents and virtues are taken into account, so that all the officials in the court are "upright". Only these people can have the hope of enlightening the way.

What's the use of you just shouting for conscience to sanctify everyone? What about the management and selection system?

Zhu Houxi was dumbfounded: His face is so thick! What about the remarks in the lobby of the Criminal Department that "if the water is clear, there are no fish"? Now the ministers in the court are all promoted by the method you said, right?

He faintly felt that Yang Tinghe's words had thrown him a mouthful: the system is good, and now the emperor ostensibly follows the etiquette system, but in fact it is chaotic, which has led to the "traitor" of the court and every possible constraint.

Wang Shouren only shook his head in the face of Yang Tinghe's rebuttal: "You know the importance of being safe." The method of conscience is to educate the people, to the scholars is to aspire, and to the hundred officials is the method of enlightenment. With the virtue and ability of hundreds of officials, we can distinguish the advantages and disadvantages of knowledge and conscience. What is advocated is that in addition to the general exhibition, we must also be willing to act, dare to act, act and then introspect, and integrate knowledge and action. Knowing but not daring to do it, thinking that it is not a conscience, it is impossible; If you don't move forward day by day, you can't slack off if you block it for a long time. Mind and science have the same path, and they all want to know tomorrow. Regardless of others, the law of conscience is the arm help, the head of the cabinet and the hundred officials, and I also hope that the hundred officials will be updated day by day, and the knowledge will be refined, and the virtuous and saintly will be sage? ”

Yang Tinghe opened his mouth, but he didn't think about how to refute this for a while.

Why did he put his position so low, saying that the law of conscience was only an arm?

I either let the common people and ordinary people who have not been out of office use this method indiscriminately, or let the officials who have been selected have both ability and political integrity and have a good heart use it.

As the head of the hundred officials, you will not refuse these "sages" to go a little faster on the path of "sages", right? I don't want them to sometimes use "ignorance" as an excuse to neglect government and shirk and dare not do things, right?

The emperor with great ambitions is still watching here.

I'm just offering a little trick to take a little step forward every day, not to upset your science.

Don't say anything, the elite soldiers will fall behind half of the team if they travel fifty miles a day.

Let's be faster than the speed of not falling behind for a moment, okay?

Yang Tinghe caught a glimpse of the smile on the corner of the emperor's mouth, and finally understood Wang Shouren's strategy at this time.

In the face of orthodox science, in the face of Yang Tinghe, he either loses or wins.

Even if Yang Tinghe was embarrassed by the argument, put on a pitiful posture of marginal learning, cited a small advantage of himself, and weakly stretched out to test it, it would be considered a win.

It is no wonder that he never argues that it is not reason in the end, but only talks about his small method of conscience, and the scope of application is completely limited to the framework of science.

Just a little trick, try it? There is no additional cost.

This is also the daily progress of his Wang Shouren and Xinxue: the influence is a little bigger every day.

Is this the unity of knowledge and action?

Zhu Houxi felt that it was okay, Wang Shouren was pretending to be a pig and not eating a tiger. Humans and animals wander around harmlessly, but it is true that only surviving is considered successful.

"Listening to the debate between two gentlemen is better than reading a book for ten years. It seems that the method of conscience is indeed not without merit, and it has the effect of being beneficial to learning. The two gentlemen are tired, please eat and drink. ”

The Emperor's voice came out, indicating that the debate was over, and the Emperor was no longer "confused" about the issue.

Yang Shen, who was the exhibition officer, saluted and retreated to the side with his unwilling father.

Why not go on and refute it?

This Wang Shouren avoids the fundamental problem of psychology, which is exactly the image of failure!

He felt that even if he was on his own, there were many ways to refute Wang Shouren.

But he didn't understand, Yang Tinghe couldn't speak.

This is not a life-saving struggle, this is just an academic exchange.

Even when Zhu Xi was there, it could not be said that the study of mind was completely undesirable.

People have already confessed it.

Did you bite him?

But in this debate, Yang Tinghe won and lost again, just like last time.

Even if the emperor only learned a small skill of the mind, it was also learned by the heart.

Although those scholars and officials who are "virtuous and sage" do not give up science, will they also try the method of conscience after listening to today's debate?

Wang Shouren lost a seed here, and left contentedly and chicly.

But Yang Tinghe was uncomfortable!

Why didn't he refute and struggle, not wanting more?

Yang Tinghe only then remembered: Wang Shouren didn't even want to take credit for quelling the Chenhao Rebellion!

5,000 words chapter, 12,800 words today, the difficult debate is written, not a crushing of the face, because this itself is just a "harmonious academic thought exchange bureau", just like Zhu Lu is still a "good friend" after the debate. Another: It has been 10,000 averages, although the badge still has to wait for 200,000 V words, but it owes more +10=28 (bald...... ）

(End of chapter)