Before Wang Anshi changed the law, there was a new study. "The New Meaning of the Three Classics" and "The Theory of Words" are all to lay a theoretical foundation for Confucianism to govern the Tao.

Why is it necessary to have a foundation of knowledge in order to change the law? Because changing the law is changing interests, and people's reaction to changes in interests should be guided or constrained by morality.

This is the human logic issue that Yang Tinghe is most concerned about now.

It is necessary to find a theoretical basis for the "human principle" of the new law, to define good and evil under the new law, and to make as many people as possible recognize and approve of it.

Now, they are all thinking about the practice that Zhu Houxi said.

Heavenly principles, physics, and human principles are just concepts, while the word practice ......

They looked at the emperor, and Yang Tinghe asked, "Your Majesty's will, practice is an eternal truth?" All learning comes from practice, and practice does not stop, so learning is always new. Learning is new, knowledge and action must be unified, so the law should change constantly? ”

Zhu Houxi sighed with emotion, after all, he was the top group of smart people in the Ming Dynasty, and he would soon be able to find the most favorable basis for their current changes from these new concepts.

He nodded: "That's right." For example, at the beginning of the country, the situation at that time was that the population was withering and the taxes were insufficient, so the system of marching garrisons at that time was established. Nowadays, the Ming Dynasty has long been twice as large as the beginning of the country, and the taxes can actually be doubled or even more. The situation has changed, and it is in line with the system at the beginning of the country, but it may not be in line with today. ”

For the emperor behind the Zhu family, the ancestral system should not be moved lightly is also a constraint.

Now Zhu Houxi also needs a theoretical basis, and he continued: "Although the law cannot be changed lightly, it cannot remain unchanged. Even if it is a new law that I am discussing with Qing and others, there may be some things that do not conform to the current physics and human reason. The essence of practice lies in the fact that after careful consideration, practice and observe its effectiveness, and then improve with new knowledge. ”

"Your Majesty, how can the good and evil of politics be made clear to the people of the world?" Yang Tinghe asked him what he was most concerned about.

Even if there is a theoretical basis for changing the law, the process of changing the law will after all damage the benefits that many people have already obtained. It is said that it is good and evil government, but it is actually good and evil in the hearts of the gentry of the world.

"People have their own selfishness, and they also have the public of the world." Zhu Houxi has been thinking about these questions, "The destruction of human desire by science is the heavenly principle of wanting to obtain justice in the world." The cycle of heavenly principles, if human principles violate the heavenly principles of justice in the world, there is often a change of dynasty. At that time, how many of the old court gentry can be saved? ”

"Naturally, that's not what we already have. It's just that everyone should restrain their selfish desires and avoid their family and country from going to that point. It is better to restrain everyone from the strict laws and regulations and suppress them from the constant changes of the law. ”

"As far as state affairs are concerned, it is not that there is no impermanence from now on, otherwise wouldn't the people of the world be at a loss? However, from a practical point of view, in each period, we find the most important contradiction and dispute that undermines the justice of the world, and only find a way to resolve the main contradiction that has arisen. The foundation of the national system does not change lightly, and the laws of the state can change with time. ”

"What is the main contradiction of the current Ming Dynasty? The number of people is increasing, but the wealth is not growing. The reason for this is well known. The wealth and land are concentrated in the gentry and wealthy households, and there is almost no place for more than 100 million people to stand, where is the justice of heaven? If we don't solve this main contradiction and take history as a mirror, how far can the Ming Dynasty be from the demise of the country? ”

After a pause, he said, "Everyone understands the truth. to the detriment of their immediate gain, it is evil government; Each new law is evil for some and good for others. There are pros and cons to everything, and there is no perfect good government. ”

"The foundation of changing the law is never perfect goodness, but it is like curing diseases. It is a medicine that is three parts poisonous, but with the right medicine, it can rejuvenate itself. Why can the restructuring of the Guangdong government bureau divide the Guangdong gentry? The general trend is vast, and those who can follow it will prosper, and those who want to go against it will die. ”

"Those who intend to override the principles of heaven with their selfish desires are like weeds in the field, how can they harvest without removing them? Weeding is something that must be done every year, and it is something that must be done forever. As long as we uphold the righteousness of the world, it is good governance, and we can win the hearts and minds of the people. The hearts of the people are there, the world is safe and worry-free, and the history has its own judgment. ”

Zhu Houxi didn't have to say it very thoroughly.

To govern the world, you need to rely on the gentry, but the world only needs to prevent the people from really not being able to survive.

Now that the situation is that the gentry have started to drive the people down that road, those gentry who can't accept the emperor and the court want to keep the ruling order, isn't that tantamount to rebellion?

Yang Ting and they were always worried about the reaction and judgment of the world, and the law changers and rulers of all dynasties were always obsessed with separating good and bad government.

How many years has human nature been good or evil? It is not so easy to progress ideologically to learn to look at problems in a comprehensive, connected, and developmental way.

Now, Zhu Houxi is a mentor.

Science is materialistic, but they are shortcomings in methodological guidance.

A simple sentence of physical science and a simple sentence of conscience in the study of mind are not systematic enough, and the guiding role is very limited.

Zhu Houxi, with the help of Wang Shouren's letter, began to give them some small materialist dialectic shocks.

Everything is forever changing and linked, and the law of change is the contradiction between all things.

opposition and unity, quantitative change and qualitative change, negation of negation; phenomena and essences, content and forms, causes and effects, possibilities and realities, contingencies and inevitability; About the whole and the part, about the individual and the commonality, about the relative and the absolute......

Finally, it points to the contradiction analysis method.

“…… Between the gentry and the common people in the world, this contradiction will always exist. There are so many contradictions that we can only try to find the main contradiction and distinguish the main and secondary aspects of the main contradiction. ”

When Yang Tinghe and others were writing wildly and their scalps were itchy, Zhu Houxi continued: "As far as the new law is concerned, the main contradiction in the implementation of the new law is the contradiction between the selfish desires of the gentry and the justice of the people in the world. The main aspect of this main contradiction is that the gentry who stubbornly pursue their own desires will find ways to hinder the change of the new law of servitude. ”

Wang Qiong took over and asked: "Therefore, when the law on the treatment of officials is formulated, the methods are adopted, the government offices are reformed, the industry and commerce are encouraged, and the laws and regulations are first differentiated, and then the new law of enslavement is implemented, they will not be able to share the same spirit." Under the weak force, it is no big problem to do it according to the law? ”

Zhu Houxi nodded approvingly: "The best way to deal with things in the world is to make more colleagues and fewer enemies." If I don't uphold this principle, how can I be as united as a monarch and a minister in the imperial study today? ”

Yang Tinghe and others had complicated expressions, they protected Wang Qiong at the beginning, and later turned the original "enemy" into the new party, is this the power of this dialectic?

Your Majesty said, debate, that is, to speculate and argue, in order to know; Evidence is practice, proof, and action.

Only in this way can we complete the unity of knowledge and action.

I don't know what kind of expression Wang Shouren would have at this moment if he was here.

Yang Tinghe said: "Today there is a sense of sudden penetration. Your Majesty has already had this law, why did he explain it to his ministers today? ”

Zhu Houxi laughed: "It's shallow on paper, and I never know that this matter has to be done, didn't Lu Fangweng say it a long time ago?" The new law has begun to be tried out, and Qing has been facing criticism from the government and the opposition for more than a year, and has a personal experience, isn't it easier to comprehend this law at this moment? ”

That's true.

In Zhu Houxi's mind, how many people and how many lessons have gradually precipitated these thoughts? Where can you be comprehended?

Besides, the previous Zhu Houxi did not have the prestige he has now-in this imperial study.

At this moment, the counselors could only look at the emperor inexplicably, as if looking at a celestial being.

With their life experience and knowledge accumulation, they are naturally knowledgeable.

This set of doctrines contains profound ideas that can indeed be called a sentence that surpasses the sages.

This dialectical practice can also be used for state affairs, small for dealing with people, and even for exploring new knowledge.

The life of the party leader and the name after his death can no longer be separated from the new law, Yang Tinghe left his seat and bowed: "Please give your majesty a name for this." ”

"Oh? Ready to start preaching? Zhu Houxi looked at him and asked with a smile.

"The Guangdong Editorial and Review Section has been completed. Starting next year, Guangdong will implement the separation of enslavement and the sharing of the rich and the poor. Yan Weizhong went to Zhejiang, Fei Zichong was in Sichuan, although the provinces did not temporarily implement the new law, they should be able to take the new knowledge as a topic of debate in the world. ”

Yang Tinghe paused and said: "Self-interest is as Your Majesty said, and everyone is unwilling to talk about it publicly. This new learning is now in the world, and those who keep the old will refute it by citing scriptures. Through the intellectual dispute, it is easy to distinguish who is the main aspect of the main contradiction in the new law. After all, learning is the foundation of the gentry of the world. ”

Confucianism allowed scholars all over the world to gain status and accumulate wealth through the imperial examination and the gentry as long as they studied Confucianism.

Now that the government wants to promote new learning, those who can accept and adapt to it are naturally the same way, and those who cannot accept it and find ways to oppose it are the enemy.

Yan Song wanted to clarify the local interests through the drama performed by the imperial court in Zhejiang and prepare for the future.

Now, Yang Tinghe wants to directly find out the enemies of the new law in the whole country through the debate of new knowledge.

Zhu Houxi looked at him deeply: "In this case, do you have any thoughts of changing the imperial examination system?" ”

Only by revealing the idea of using a knife in the imperial examination is the most powerful weapon to manifest this contradiction.

With new knowledge, the imperial examination will naturally change.

Those stubborn gentry and scholars, who have not yet risen above the level of scholars, must all be affected.

Does the new law have been implemented throughout the country? No, because the next subject exam is in the fifth year of Jiajing.

For the New Party, it is enough to reveal this idea. Anyway, whether it will really be changed at that time depends on the effectiveness of Guangdong.

Yang Tinghe replied: "If there is new knowledge, it should be gradually changed to the imperial examination. Guangdong officials are sufficient, since Guangdong, the township examination can be once a year to test new knowledge. The treatment of officials has been improved, and if they succeed in the imperial examination in the future, they will be able to become officials, so why not be happy to read people in the world? ”

If the entire Ming Dynasty will be like Guangdong in the future, then how many official positions will there be in the world? How can the surviving more than 13,000 people and 3,000 jinshi be used?

How many officials are there in the world?

This is an unprecedented feat in the past.

What has been damaged is only a small part of the stubborn gentry who cannot keep up with the times.

Why does it seem that there are many benefits?

Because His Majesty has already given the answer: everything is developing, and the wealth of the world is not fixed in the first place. Qiu Jun said in "University Yanyi Supplement" that wealth is "funded by manpower".

As more people become more and understand more physics and human reason, their work will naturally create and accumulate more wealth.

The treasury of the Ming Dynasty is becoming more and more empty because the wealth has been hidden, hidden in the current gentry and wealthy households.

Why is Yang Tinghe willing to do this?

First, he became the leader of the party, and now he has a sense of mission to create history, seek more ways out for the world's scholars, and seek well-being for the people of the world.

If it can be successful, the Yang family will be prosperous for a hundred generations, and there will be no shortage of status and wealth. He Yang Tinghe, Taimiao, Confucian Temple, and history books can laugh and jump.

Zhu Houxi looked at them with a smile, and these thoughts flashed through his heart.

"I wanted to wait for the Wanfa Museum to succeed in physics, and then use the benefits of new things to promote it." Zhu Houxi gave an affirmative reply, "In this case, then let Qing and others argue with the world's scholars." As for the name, it is called practice and learning, and the method of learning is dialectics. ”

After the study of science and mind, Da Ming is only afraid that from now on this practical study will be an official study.

How can the new law be less controversial in theory? At present, under the "leadership" of Fei Hong, the old party is constantly criticizing the new party for its wanton behavior and the harm to the country and the people from a theoretical point of view and from the views of the sages on the way of governing the country.

Fei Hong knew that there was new knowledge, so it seemed that the new party was overwhelmed by it now - after all, the new knowledge had not yet been made public.

After being frantically criticized for more than a year for "light agriculture and heavy business" so that the world will not be ancient, "mistreating scholars" so that education will not succeed, and "big bad old system" is actually misleading the country and gaining power, the New Party is ready to fight back with joy.

Dear, there is a whole set of new knowledge here, do you want to experience it?

Zhu Houxi looked at them with a smile: "I just learned the three principles of heaven, matter, and man from Qing and other knowledge, and comprehended the dialectic from the unity of knowledge and action. Starting from this practical study, why we must change the Fa is the understanding of the Qing and others. ”

This is what Fei Hong said: let the courtiers fight, and the emperor must leave leeway.

Therefore, the theoretical ideas that do not involve specific applications are His Majesty's, and Yang Tinghe has to change the law when he understands the thought, and it is really useful after the change, that is, it proves the correctness of His Majesty's thought!

The "minutes" of this national policy meeting were then locked in a secret box and sent to Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong, and Zhejiang.

By the time these people arrived, it was already the middle of December.

The news gradually spread to the entire Ming Dynasty, and the readers of the world were stunned.

After more than a year of collective wisdom and efforts, there is a new knowledge in the world: practical learning.

The bad news is that this seems to be a stitching monster, and the doctrines of science, mind, and the hundred schools of thought are all included in it. I heard that in the future, the imperial examination will be tested for practical studies, so how many books do you have to read?

The good news is that it seems to be completely sewn up, and there is still a sense of insight. The Guangdong Township Examination will also be taken once a year, and in the future, the regular score will be divided into the main and secondary lists, and the opportunities to become officials will increase.

The most important thing is that the core of the new learning, the three theories of heaven, physics, and human reason, the dialectic originated from the emperor.

The emperor who has not yet turned eighteen.

On the night of Chinese New Year's Eve, the banquet in the Qianqing Palace was very large.

The counselors, Xun Qi, and the enshriners of the Wanfa Pavilion were all present, and Wu Zhongsancaizi, Wang Wensu, and Alfonso, who had initially learned some of the official dialects of the Ming Dynasty, all looked at Zhu Houxi in shock.

Although there is no such thing as a thinker, those who have been trumpeting philosophical ideas throughout the ages have been the most fierce scholars.

Just as the emperor told him that arithmetic is probably a general outline of the study of all things, Wang Wensu also knew that these ideas were the general outline of the study of all things.

Aren't the so-called sages called ancient sages?

"Long live Your Majesty! Banzai! Hooray! ”

This time, everyone at the banquet paid homage, with a deep or shallow sincere awe in their hearts, as if they were pilgrimage to Bidenki.

More than two years ago, he ascended the throne as emperor.

But now, it was as if he was ascending the throne and becoming a sage.

The palace was lit up with lights, and the candles next to the throne were bright, and Zhu Houxi smiled and said, "All the secretaries are flat." ”

After tonight, it will be the third year of Jiajing.

On this day and tomorrow's New Year's Day, the officials and people of the world will worship the emperor as usual.

Those who have read books and have some understanding of learning have added an image of an emperor who is accumulating the aura of a sage in their hearts.

It's just time to prove whether his thinking is right or not!